scholarly journals Sex steroid hormones and risk of breast cancer incidence and survival: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aayah Nounu ◽  
Siddhartha P. Kar ◽  
Caroline L Relton ◽  
Rebecca C Richmond
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Luminal A ◽  
Luminal B ◽  
Genetic Instruments

Background Breast cancer (BC) is the cancer with the highest incidence and mortality in women worldwide. Observational epidemiological studies suggest a positive association between testosterone, estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) and both pre- and post-menopausal BC. Since previous studies may be prone to bias and confounding, we used a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate this association. Methods Genetic instruments for nine sex steroid hormones and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were obtained from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) conducted in the UK Biobank (total testosterone (TT) N:230,454, bioavailable testosterone (BT) N: 188,507 and SHBG N: 189,473), The United Kingdom Household Longitudinal Study (DHEAS N: 9,722), the LIFE-Adult and LIFE-Heart cohorts (estradiol N: 2,607), the LIFE-Heart cohort only (androstenedione N: 711, aldosterone N: 685, progesterone N: 1,259 and 17-hydroxyprogesterone N: 711) and the CORtisol NETwork (CORNET) consortium (cortisol N: 25,314). GWAS summary statistics were also obtained from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) for overall BC risk (N: 122,977 cases and 105,974 controls) and BC mortality (96,661 BC cases and 7,697 BC-specific deaths). Subtype specific analysis were carried out for incidence of estrogen receptor (ER)+ BC, ER- BC, luminal A-like BC, luminal B-like BC, luminal B/HER2-negative-like BC, HER2-enriched-like BC, triple negative BC (TNBC) and BRCA1 mutated TNBC. Results Using an inverse-variance weighted (IVW) approach, we found that a standard deviation (SD) increase in TT, BT and estradiol increased the risk of overall BC (OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.09-1.21, OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.07-1.33 and OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.06, respectively) and ER+ BC (OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.12-1.27, OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.11-1.40 and OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.03-1.09, respectively). A SD increase in DHEAS also increased ER+ BC risk (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.03-1.09). Subtype specific analyses showed similar associations with ER+ expressing subtypes: luminal A-like BC, luminal B-like BC and luminal B/HER2-negative-like BC. A SD increase in cortisol was associated with poor survival after a diagnosis of ER- BC (HR: 2.35, 95% CI: 1.00-5.49). Discussion/Conclusion TT, BT, DHEAS and estradiol increase the risk of ER+ type BCs similar to observational studies, but none of these hormone measures are associated with BC survival. We found some evidence that cortisol reduced ER- BC survival. Stronger genetic instruments are required before definitive conclusions can be made about the role of other sex-steroid hormones in breast cancer. Understanding the role of sex steroid hormones in BC risk, particularly subtype-specific risks, highlights the potential importance of attempts to modify and/or monitor hormone levels in order to prevent BC.

Sex steroid hormones in pairs of tumor and serum from breast cancer patients and pathobiological role of androstene-3β, 17β-diol

2011 ◽  
Vol 102 (10) ◽  
pp. 1848-1854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoko Honma ◽  
Shigehira Saji ◽  
Makiko Hirose ◽  
Shin-ichiro Horiguchi ◽  
Katsumasa Kuroi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients

Sex steroid hormones, bone mass and breast cancer

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. S66
Author(s):  
J A Cauley ◽  
F Luas ◽  
L H Kuller ◽  
K Stone ◽  
S Cummings
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Steroid

scholarly journals The role of sex steroid hormones, cytokines and the endocannabinoid system in female fertility

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Karasu ◽  
T. H. Marczylo ◽  
M. Maccarrone ◽  
J. C. Konje
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormones ◽  
Female Fertility ◽  
Sex Steroid

Plasma sex steroid hormones and breast cancer risk in Chinese women

2003 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Yu ◽  
Xiao-Ou Shu ◽  
Runhua Shi ◽  
Qi Dai ◽  
Fan Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Steroid

scholarly journals Sex Steroid Hormones as a Balancing Factor in Oral Host Microbiome Interactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Cornejo Ulloa ◽  
Bastiaan P. Krom ◽  
Monique H. van der Veen
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormones ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions ◽  
Oral Microorganisms

Sex steroid hormones (SSH) are cholesterol-derived molecules. They are secreted into saliva and enter the oral cavity, triggering physiological responses from oral tissues, with possible clinical implications, such as gingival inflammation and bleeding. SSH and hormonal changes affect not only oral host cells but also oral microorganisms.Historically, most research has focused on the effect of hormonal changes on specific bacteria and yeasts. Recently a broader effect of SSH on oral microorganisms was suggested. In order to assess the role of SSH in host-microbe interactions in the oral cavity, this review focuses on how and up to what extent SSH can influence the composition and behavior of the oral microbiome. The available literature was reviewed and a comprehensive hypothesis about the role of SSH in host-microbiome interactions is presented. The limited research available indicates that SSH may influence the balance between the host and its microbes in the oral cavity.

scholarly journals The Analysis of bcl-2 in Association with p53 and Ki-67 in Triple Negative Breast Cancer and Other Molecular Subtypes in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Charity Ameh-Mensah ◽  
Babatunde Moses Duduyemi ◽  
Kweku Bedu-Addo ◽  
Elijah Atta Manu ◽  
Francis Opoku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Molecular Subtypes ◽  
Histological Grade ◽  
Her2 Overexpression ◽  
Luminal A ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Luminal B ◽  
Protein P53

Background. Little is known about the role of apoptosis in the tumorigenesis and prognosis of breast cancer in Ghana. Chemotherapeutic drug efficacy partially relates to apoptosis induction, rendering it a vital target in cancer therapy with unique biomarker opportunities that have not been exploited. Aberrations in this pathway are central to tumorigenesis, tumor progression, overall tumor growth, and regression during treatment therapies. Antiapoptotic bcl-2 (gene) and p53 are known to play roles in apoptosis while Ki-67 is a proliferative marker. The aim of our study is to determine the association of bcl-2 (protein) with p53 and Ki-67 in 203 consecutive breast cancer cases over a 10-year period. Method. A retrospective cross-sectional study on archival FFPE tissue blocks over a 9-year period with abstraction of clinicopathologic data. Two hundred and three consecutive and suitable FFPE blocks were selected for tissue microarray (TMA) construction, and IHC (bcl-2 (protein), Ki-67, p53, cyclin D, pan cytokeratins A and E, ER, PR, and HER2/neu) was done. Expressions of bcl-2 (protein), p53, and Ki-67 were related to histological grade, lymphovascular invasion, and molecular subtypes. SPSS version 23 was used to analyze results. Results. Most of our cases were in the fifth decade of life (31%); invasive carcinoma of no special type (NST) was predominant (87%); histological grade III (38%) was the highest; and Luminal A (19.8%), Luminal B (9.9%), HER2 (16%), and TNBC (54.3%) constituted the molecular classes. bcl-2 expression was found in 38% of the cases. Our cases also showed mutation in p53 (36.7%) and ki-67 expression (62.5%). bcl-2 (protein) and p53 significantly correlated with Luminal B and TNBC ( p < 0.01 ). Ki-67 also correlated significantly with Luminal A and B and HER2 overexpression ( p < 0.01 ). Premenopausal age (40–49) and histological grade inversely correlated with bcl-2 (protein) expression. p53 statistically correlated with Ki-67 ( p < 0.05 ). Conclusion. Our results show high expression of bcl-2 (protein) suggesting an important role of apoptosis in Ghanaian breast cancer cases. bcl-2 (protein), p53, and Ki-67 expressions emerged interdependently from this research and can thus be manipulated in prediction and prognosis of breast cancers in our setting.

scholarly journals The Role of Chemotherapy in Patients With HER2-Negative Isolated Locoregional Recurrence of Breast Cancer: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoungmin Lee ◽  
Sung Hoon Sim ◽  
Eun Joo Kang ◽  
Jae Hong Seo ◽  
Heejung Chae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Locoregional Recurrence ◽  
Molecular Subtypes ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Luminal A ◽  
Prior Chemotherapy ◽  
Luminal B ◽  
Disease Free

Background: The role of chemotherapy for isolated locoregional recurrence (iLRR) of breast cancer has not been firmly established after local therapies.Methods: We performed a multicenter, retrospective analysis to evaluate the clinical implications of chemotherapy in breast cancer patients with HER2-negative iLRR.Results: Of a total of 277 patients, 146 (52.7%) received chemotherapy for iLRR. Median follow-up duration was 56.1 months. Eighty-six (31.0%) patients had luminal B-like and 100 (36.1%) had TNBC iLRR. There was a trend of longer disease free survival (DFS) in the chemotherapy group (4-year DFS: 70.4 vs. 59.5%, HR = 0.68, 95% CI 0.45–1.02, log-rank p = 0.059). When adjusted with clinically relevant factors, DFS was significantly prolonged with chemotherapy (adjusted HR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.40–0.94, p = 0.023). Subgroup analyses for DFS showed patients with disease free interval (DFI) &lt;5 years or prior chemotherapy had a benefit from chemotherapy (adjusted HR = 0.57, p = 0.018; adjusted HR = 0.51, p = 0.005, respectively). Regarding the molecular subtypes, a longer DFS with chemotherapy was observed both in luminal B-like (4-year DFS: 77.8 vs. 55.0%, HR = 0.51, 95% CI 0.27–0.99, log-rank p = 0.048) and in TNBC patients (4-year DFS: 61.9 vs. 42.8%, HR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.24–1.02, log-rank p = 0.056), but not in luminal A-like.Conclusions: The chemotherapy for iLRR of breast cancer should be individualized for each patient, considering DFI, prior chemotherapy, and molecular subtypes.

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