scholarly journals Characterising the vegetation-rainfall relationship in the Northeast Himalaya, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bidyut Sarania ◽  
Vishwesha Guttal ◽  
Krishnapriya Tamma
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
State Diagram ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
The State ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Enhanced Vegetation Index

Ecosystems are complex systems and are characterised by positive and negative feedbacks between the abiotic and biotic components. The response of an ecosystem to its environment can be determined by examining state diagrams, which are plots of the state variable as a function of the environmental driver. For instance, tree cover as a function of rainfall is widely used to characterise vegetation patterns. Previous studies have shown that tree cover shows bimodal distributions for intermediate rainfall regimes in Africa and South America. In this study, we construct a vegetation state diagram by plotting vegetation cover as a function of mean annual rainfall for Northeast India, which is part of the Eastern Himalaya and the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot. We use remotely sensed satellite data of Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) as a proxy for vegetation cover. We obtain Mean Annual Precipitation (MAP) from the CHIRPS data (Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data). We find that EVI increases monotonically as a function of MAP in the range 1000-2000 mm, after which it plateaus. The 1000 to 2000 mm MAP corresponds to the vegetation transitional zone (1200-3700 m), whereas >2000 MAP region covers the greater extent of the tropical forest (<1200 m) of NEI. In other words, we find no evidence for bimodality in tree cover or vegetation states at coarser scales in North Eastern India. Our characterisation of the state diagram for vegetation in northeast India is important to understand response to ongoing change in rainfall patterns. Keywords: spatial ecology, remotely sensed data, Enhanced Vegetation Index, State diagram, northeast India

Assessment of changes in the state of the rangelands of Inner Mongolia, China between 1998 and 2007 using remotely sensed data

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. M. Hu ◽  
S. G. Li ◽  
J. W. Dong ◽  
J. W. Fan
Keyword(s):  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
The State ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Aboveground Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Normalised Difference Vegetation Index

The spatial annual patterns of aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and precipitation-use efficiency (PUE) of the rangelands of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China, a region in which several projects for ecosystem restoration had been implemented, are described for the years 1998–2007. Remotely sensed normalised difference vegetation index and ANPP data, measured in situ, were integrated to allow the prediction of ANPP and PUE in each 1 km2 of the 12 prefectures of Inner Mongolia. Furthermore, the temporal dynamics of PUE and ANPP residuals, as indicators of ecosystem deterioration and recovery, were investigated for the region and each prefecture. In general, both ANPP and PUE were positively correlated with mean annual precipitation, i.e. ANPP and PUE were higher in wet regions than in arid regions. Both PUE and ANPP residuals indicated that the state of the rangelands of the region were generally improving during the period of 2000–05, but declined by 2007 to that found in 1999. Among the four main grassland-dominated prefectures, the recovery in the state of the grasslands in the Erdos and Chifeng prefectures was highest, and Xilin Gol and Chifeng prefectures was 2 years earlier than Erdos and Hunlu Buir prefectures. The study demonstrated that the use of PUE or ANPP residuals has some limitations and it is proposed that both indices should be used together with relatively long-term datasets in order to maximise the reliability of the assessments.

Assessment of the State of the Territories of Closed Waste Disposal Facilities by Vegetation Indices

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
N.N. Sliusar ◽  
A.P. Belousova ◽  
G.M. Batrakova ◽  
R.D. Garifzyanov ◽  
M. Huber-Humer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
The State ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
The Earth

The possibilities of using remote sensing of the Earth data to assess the formation of phytocenoses at reclaimed dumps and landfills are presented. The objects of study are landfills and dumps in the Perm Territory, which differed from each other in the types and timing of reclamation work. The state of the vegetation cover on the reclaimed and self-overgrowing objects was compared with the reference plots with naturally formed herbage of zonal meadow vegetation. The process of reclamation of the territory of closed landfills was assessed by the presence and homogeneity of the vegetation layer and by the values of the vegetation index NDVI. To identify the dynamics of changes in the vegetation cover, we used multi-temporal satellite images from the open resources of Google Earth and images in the visible and infrared ranges of the Landsat-5/TM and Landsat-8/OLI satellites. It is shown that the data of remote sensing of the Earth, in particular the analysis of vegetation indices, can be used to assess the dynamics of overgrowing of territories of reclaimed waste disposal facilities, as well as an additional and cost-effective method for monitoring the restoration of previously disturbed territories.

scholarly journals Cartographie De L’état Du Couvert Végétal Du Nord De La Côte D’ivoire À Partir D’images Satellites: Exemple De La Zone De Korhogo

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (29) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Avy StéphaneKoff ◽  
Abderrahman Ait Fora ◽  
Hicham Elbelrhiti
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
The State ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Landsat Satellite

The purpose of this study is to determine the state of the vegetation cover in the region of Korhogo through remote sensing. Nowadays, the problem of desertification in the Sahel is serious. This could be explained by the phenomenon of climate change. We want to map the state of the vegetation cover in the study area. This study therefore focuses on the state of the vegetation cover in the region of Korhogo in northern Côte d’Ivoire. We will use one Landsat satellite image from December 16th 2000 and proceed with image processing. Processing techniques by the normalized difference vegetation index, the index armor and colorful composition 472. After these treatments in our pictures, we observe the behavior of vegetation. We can then get an overview of the vegetation in this area.

scholarly journals Environmental conditions for alternative tree-cover states in high latitudes

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beniamino Abis ◽  
Victor Brovkin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
North America ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
North Eurasia ◽  
Strong Control

Abstract. Previous analysis of the vegetation cover from remote sensing revealed the existence of three alternative modes in the frequency distribution of boreal tree cover: a sparsely vegetated treeless state, an open woodland state, and a forest state. Identifying which are the regions subject to multimodality, and assessing which are the main factors underlying their existence, is important to project future change of natural vegetation cover and its effect on climate.We study the link between the tree-cover fraction distribution and eight globally observed environmental factors: mean annual rainfall, mean minimum temperature, growing degree days above 0 °C, permafrost distribution, mean spring soil moisture, wildfire occurrence frequency, soil texture, and mean thawing depth. Through the use of generalised additive models, conditional histograms, and phase-space analysis, we find that environmental conditions exert a strong control over the tree-cover distribution, uniquely determining its state among the three dominant modes in  ∼  95 % of the cases. Additionally, we find that the link between individual environmental variables and tree cover is different within the four boreal regions considered here, namely eastern North Eurasia, western North Eurasia, eastern North America, and western North America. Furthermore, using a classification based on rainfall, minimum temperatures, permafrost distribution, soil moisture, wildfire frequency, and soil texture, we show the location of areas with potentially alternative tree-cover states under the same environmental conditions in the boreal region. These areas, although encompassing a minor fraction of the boreal area ( ∼  5 %), correspond to possible transition zones with a reduced resilience to disturbances. Hence, they are of interest for a more detailed analysis of land–atmosphere interactions.

scholarly journals Terrestrial carbon sinks in the Brazilian Amazon and Cerrado region predicted from MODIS satellite data and ecosystem modeling

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 937-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Potter ◽  
S. Klooster ◽  
A. Huete ◽  
V. Genovese ◽  
M. Bustamante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Carbon Fluxes ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
The State ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Enhanced Vegetation Index ◽  
Annual Carbon ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

Abstract. A simulation model based on satellite observations of monthly vegetation cover from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) was used to estimate monthly carbon fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems of Brazilian Amazon and Cerrado regions over the period 2000–2004. Net ecosystem production (NEP) flux for atmospheric CO2 in the region for these years was estimated. Consistently high carbon sink fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems on a yearly basis were found in the western portions of the states of Acre and Rondônia and the northern portions of the state of Pará. These areas were not significantly impacted by the 2002–2003 El Niño event in terms of net annual carbon gains. Areas of the region that show periodically high carbon source fluxes from terrestrial ecosystems to the atmosphere on yearly basis were found throughout the state of Maranhão and the southern portions of the state of Amazonas. As demonstrated though tower site comparisons, NEP modeled with monthly MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) inputs closely resembles the measured seasonal carbon fluxes at the LBA Tapajos tower site. Modeling results suggest that the capacity for use of MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) data to predict seasonal uptake rates of CO2 in Amazon forests and Cerrado woodlands is strong.

scholarly journals Terrestrial carbon sinks in the Brazilian Amazon and Cerrado region predicted from MODIS satellite data and ecosystem modeling

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 947-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Potter ◽  
S. Klooster ◽  
A. Huete ◽  
V. Genovese ◽  
M. Bustamante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Carbon Fluxes ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
The State ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Enhanced Vegetation Index ◽  
Annual Carbon ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

Abstract. A simulation model based on satellite observations of monthly vegetation cover from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) was used to estimate monthly carbon fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems of Brazilian Amazon and Cerrado regions over the period 2000–2004. Net ecosystem production (NEP) flux for atmospheric CO2 in the region for these years was estimated. Consistently high carbon sink fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems on a yearly basis were found in the western portions of the states of Acre and Rondônia and the northern portions of the state of Pará. These areas were not significantly impacted by the 2002–2003 El Niño event in terms of net annual carbon gains. Areas of the region that show periodically high carbon source fluxes from terrestrial ecosystems to the atmosphere on yearly basis were found throughout the state of Maranhão and the southern portions of the state of Amazonas. As demonstrated though tower site comparisons, NEP modeled with monthly MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) inputs closely resembles the measured seasonal carbon fluxes at the LBA Tapajos tower site. Modeling results suggest that the capacity for use of MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) data to predict seasonal uptake rates of CO2 in Amazon forests and Cerrado woodlands is strong.

scholarly journals Vegetation of steppe phytocenoses and features of its vegetation under complicated conditions of the Stavropol krai

2020 ◽  
Vol 193 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Lapenko ◽  
F. Eroshenko ◽  
I. STORCHAK
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Natural Grass ◽  
The Earth

Abstract. It is possible to increase the accuracy and objectivity of monitoring the state of natural grass stands, the vegetation features of grassy vegetation of the steppe phytocenoses, and their feed potential using remote sensing data from the Earth. The purpose of the work is to obtain data on the state of natural phytocenoses, the characteristics of vegetation of wild vegetation in various soil and climatic conditions using data from remote sensing of the Earth. Methods. Geobotanical studies were carried out at registration sites (landfills) measuring 10×10 m, in accordance with the requirements of methods and state standards generally accepted in phytocenology. Description of vegetation was carried out according to the system of O. Drude, with a mark of the abundance of the species, projective cover, and height of the grass stand. Assessment of the state of vegetation was analyzed by the values of the normalized relative vegetation index (NDVI), which was obtained using the service “Vega” IKI RAS. The objects of study are the natural communities of wild-growing flora located in the arid zone (ZZ) and the zone of unstable moisture (ZNU) of the Stavropol territory. Results. The current ecological state and composition of the steppe vegetation of the studied zones has been established. Both the anthropogenic factor and the climatic conditions in which natural grass stands grow strongly influence the vegetation features, species composition, productivity and quality of feed. The analysis showed that the heat supply of the vegetation period of the arid zone is 5 % higher than the zones of unstable humidification of the Stavropol territory, and the annual rainfall in PYE is 32 % higher than in the western zone. All this affects the course of vegetation of natural forage land in these regions. So, in the arid zone and in the zone of unstable humidification, the average dynamics of the vegetation indices NDVI have a completely different look: there are different levels of maxima, their onset and growth rate and decrease in NDVI. In the arid zones, a pronounced second maximum is observed at the end of November, and in the zone of unstable humidification there is only a tendency for the vegetation index to increase in the autumn period.

scholarly journals Environmental Conditions for Alternative Tree Cover States in High Latitudes

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beniamino Abis ◽  
Victor Brovkin
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Wildfire Occurrence ◽  
North Eurasia ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Strong Control

Abstract. Previous analysis of the vegetation cover from remote sensing revealed the existence of three alternative modes in the frequency distribution of boreal tree cover: a sparsely vegetated treeless state, an open woodland state, and a forest state. Identifying which are the regions subject to multimodality, and assessing which are the main factors underlying their existence, is important to project future change of natural vegetation cover and its effect on climate. We study the impact on the tree cover fraction distribution (TCF) of eight globally-observed environmental factors: mean annual rainfall (MAR), mean minimum temperature (MTmin), growing degree days above 0 °C (GDD0), permafrost distribution (PZI), mean spring soil moisture (MSSM), wildfire occurrence frequency (FF), soil texture (ST), and mean thawing depth (MTD). Through the use of generalised additive models, conditional histograms, and phase-space analysis, we find that environmental conditions exert a strong control over the tree cover distribution, generally uniquely determining its state. Additionally, we find that the relationship between tree cover and environment is different within the four boreal regions here considered, namely Eastern North Eurasia, Western North Eurasia, Eastern North America, and Western North America. Furthermore, using a classification based on MAR, MTmin, MSSM, PZI, FF, and ST, we show the location of areas with potentially alternative tree cover states under the same environmental conditions in the boreal region. These areas, although encompassing a minor fraction of the boreal area (~ 5 %), are of interest for a more detailed analysis of land-atmosphere interactions.

scholarly journals 30 Years Climate Change Impact on Weather Elements and Green Coverage: GIS and Remote Sensing Geo-Environmental Case Study in Jordan

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (1D) ◽  
pp. 57-68
Author(s):  
Thair Al-Azzawi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Gis Database ◽  
Average Annual Rainfall ◽  
Green Vegetation

This study deals with climate change and its geo-environmental impact in Jordan for thirty years period (1982-2012). It comprised the building of a geographic information system (GIS) database for the most important basic climatic elements of temperature, rainfall, and relative humidity. Data is obtained from the Meteorological Department of Jordan for the study period. Digital descriptive and statistical analysis methods for the GIS database are implemented using ArcGIS 10.4 software and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index extracted from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer satellite images to forecast that impact on weather elements and green vegetation cover, respectively. Three different criteria are used for analysis and verification to achieve the objectives of the study. The criteria are the average annual minimum and maximum temperature, which is considered the most important criterion for this study, average annual rainfall, and average annual relative humidity. Results showed a speedy increase in the annual rate of the local temperature, particularly since 1990. Despite the local temperatures' average volatility, the increment reached about 1.5-2.0 oC degrees Celsius. An increase in the relative humidity is observed, but with no evident change in the average annual rainfall, both in Jordan's northern and eastern parts. At the same time, there were increases for Jordan's central region during the period 1985-2012. The green vegetation cover area showed a decrease during the studied period 2002-2008 as that is probably due to the evident increase in annual average temperature and evaporation. Results reveal the increase of the greater temperature change region has increased in the northern part of Jordan by eight times for the 1982-2002 period as mentioned in this study. The area of vegetated area decreased to 3725.8 km² in 2008 compared to 9305.5 km² in 2002. The study demonstrated efficiency in applying descriptive and statistical GIS analysis methods on the climatic database, which better understanding of the climate change phenomenon.

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