scholarly journals Dynamic Subcortical Modulators of Human Default Mode Network Function

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben J Harrison ◽  
Christopher G Davey ◽  
Hannah S Savage ◽  
Alec J Jamieson ◽  
Christine A Leonards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Basal Forebrain ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Ultra High Field ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Network Function ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
Task Conditions

The brain's 'default mode network' (DMN) enables flexible switching between internally and externally focused cognition. Precisely how this modulation occurs is not well understood, although may involve key subcortical mechanisms, including hypothesized influences from the basal forebrain (BF) and mediodorsal thalamus (MD). Here, we used ultra-high field (7T) functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine the involvement of the BF and MD across states of task-induced DMN activity modulation. Specifically, we mapped DMN activity suppression ('deactivation') when participants transitioned between rest and externally focused task performance, as well as DMN activity engagement ('activation') when task performance was internally (i.e., self) focused. Consistent with recent rodent studies, the BF showed overall activity suppression with DMN cortical regions when comparing the rest to external task conditions. Further analyses, including dynamic causal modelling, confirmed that the BF drove changes in DMN cortical activity during these rest-to-task transitions. The MD, by comparison, was specifically engaged during internally focused cognition and demonstrated a broad excitatory influence on DMN cortical activation. These results provide the first direct evidence in humans of distinct basal forebrain and thalamic circuit influences on the control of DMN function and suggest novel mechanistic avenues for ongoing translational research.

IC-P-133: Music as a probe of default mode network function in young-onset Alzheimer's disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (7S_Part_2) ◽  
pp. P91-P91
Author(s):  
Catherine F. Slattery ◽  
Jennifer L. Agustus ◽  
Ross W. Paterson ◽  
Mark J. White ◽  
Alexander J.M. Foulkes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Young Onset ◽  
Network Function

scholarly journals The prestimulus default mode network state predicts cognitive task performance levels on a mental rotation task

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. e01186
Author(s):  
Tabea Kamp ◽  
Bettina Sorger ◽  
Caroline Benjamins ◽  
Lars Hausfeld ◽  
Rainer Goebel
Keyword(s):  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Mental Rotation Task ◽  
Performance Levels ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Network State ◽  
Cognitive Task Performance

scholarly journals Relationship of a common OXTR gene variant to brain structure and default mode network function in healthy humans

NeuroImage ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 500-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junping Wang ◽  
Meredith N. Braskie ◽  
George W. Hafzalla ◽  
Joshua Faskowitz ◽  
Katie L. McMahon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Gene Variant ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Network Function ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Relationship Of

scholarly journals Basal forebrain contributes to default mode network regulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (6) ◽  
pp. 1352-1357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayakrishnan Nair ◽  
Arndt-Lukas Klaassen ◽  
Jozsef Arato ◽  
Alexei L. Vyssotski ◽  
Michael Harvey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Basal Forebrain ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Gamma Oscillations ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Gamma Activity ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Quiet Wakefulness ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Brain States

The default mode network (DMN) is a collection of cortical brain regions that is active during states of rest or quiet wakefulness in humans and other mammalian species. A pertinent characteristic of the DMN is a suppression of local field potential gamma activity during cognitive task performance as well as during engagement with external sensory stimuli. Conversely, gamma activity is elevated in the DMN during rest. Here, we document that the rat basal forebrain (BF) exhibits the same pattern of responses, namely pronounced gamma oscillations during quiet wakefulness in the home cage and suppression of this activity during active exploration of an unfamiliar environment. We show that gamma oscillations are localized to the BF and that gamma-band activity in the BF has a directional influence on a hub of the rat DMN, the anterior cingulate cortex, during DMN-dominated brain states. The BF is well known as an ascending, activating, neuromodulatory system involved in wake–sleep regulation, memory formation, and regulation of sensory information processing. Our findings suggest a hitherto undocumented role of the BF as a subcortical node of the DMN, which we speculate may be important for switching between internally and externally directed brain states. We discuss potential BF projection circuits that could underlie its role in DMN regulation and highlight that certain BF nuclei may provide potential target regions for up- or down-regulation of DMN activity that might prove useful for treatment of DMN dysfunction in conditions such as epilepsy or major depressive disorder.

scholarly journals Symptoms of fatigue and depression is reflected in altered default mode network connectivity in multiple sclerosis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Einar August Høgestøl ◽  
Gro Owren Nygaard ◽  
Dag Alnæs ◽  
Mona K. Beyer ◽  
Lars T. Westlye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Symptom Burden ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Network Function

Background: Fatigue and depression are frequent and often co-occurring symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) represents a promising tool for disentangling differential associations between depression and fatigue and brain network function and connectivity. In this study we tested for associations between symptoms of fatigue and depression and DMN connectivity in patients with MS. Materials and methods: Seventy-four MS patients were included on average 14 months after diagnosis. They underwent MRI scanning of the brain including rs-fMRI, and symptoms of fatigue and depression were assessed with Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI). A principal component analysis (PCA) on FSS and BDI scores was performed, and the component scores were analysed using linear regression models to test for associations with default mode network (DMN) connectivity. Results: We observed higher DMN connectivity with higher scores on the primary principal component reflecting common symptom burden for fatigue and depression (Cohen's f2=0.075, t=2.17, p=0.03). The secondary principal component reflecting a pattern of low fatigue scores with high scores of depression was associated with lower DMN connectivity (Cohen's f2=0.067, t=-2.1, p=0.04). Using continuous mean scores of FSS we also observed higher DMN connectivity with higher symptom burden (t=3.1, p=0.003), but no significant associations between continuous sum scores of BDI and DMN connectivity (t=0.8, p=0.4). Conclusion: Multivariate decomposition of FSS and BDI data supported both overlapping and unique manifestation of fatigue and depression in MS patients. Rs-fMRI analyses showed that symptoms of fatigue and depression was reflected in altered DMN connectivity, and that higher DMN activity was seen in MS patients with fatigue even with low depression scores.

P2-153: Music as a probe of default mode network function in young onset Alzheimer's disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (7S_Part_11) ◽  
pp. P545-P546
Author(s):  
Catherine F. Slattery ◽  
Jennifer L. Agustus ◽  
Ross W. Paterson ◽  
Mark J. White ◽  
Alexander J.M. Foulkes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Young Onset ◽  
Network Function

scholarly journals Is a Responsive Default Mode Network Required for Successful Working Memory Task Performance?

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (33) ◽  
pp. 11595-11605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Čeko ◽  
John L. Gracely ◽  
Mary-Ann Fitzcharles ◽  
David A. Seminowicz ◽  
Petra Schweinhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Default Mode

Task-positive Functional Connectivity of the Default Mode Network Transcends Task Domain

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 2369-2381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Elton ◽  
Wei Gao
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Positive Functional ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Goal Directed Behavior ◽  
Increased Activity

The default mode network (DMN) was first recognized as a set of brain regions demonstrating consistently greater activity during rest than during a multitude of tasks. Originally, this network was believed to interfere with goal-directed behavior based on its decreased activity during many such tasks. More recently, however, the role of the DMN during goal-directed behavior was established for internally oriented tasks, in which the DMN demonstrated increased activity. However, the well-documented hub position and information-bridging potential of midline DMN regions indicate that there is more to uncover regarding its functional contributions to goal-directed tasks, which may be based on its functional interactions rather than its level of activation. An investigation of task-related changes in DMN functional connectivity during a series of both internal and external tasks would provide the requisite investigation for examining the role of the DMN during goal-directed task performance. In this study, 20 participants underwent fMRI while performing six tasks spanning diverse internal and external domains in addition to a resting-state scan. We hypothesized that the DMN would demonstrate “task-positive” (i.e., positively contributing to task performance) changes in functional connectivity relative to rest regardless of the direction of task-related changes in activity. Indeed, our results demonstrate significant increases in DMN connectivity with task-promoting regions (e.g., anterior insula, inferior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus) across all six tasks. Furthermore, canonical correlation analyses indicated that the observed task-related connectivity changes were significantly associated with individual differences in task performance. Our results indicate that the DMN may not only support a “default” mode but may play a greater role in both internal and external tasks through flexible coupling with task-relevant brain regions.

scholarly journals Anticorrelated inter-network electrophysiological activity varies dynamically with attentional performance and behavioral states

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Kucyi ◽  
Amy Daitch ◽  
Omri Raccah ◽  
Baotian Zhao ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Electrophysiological Activity ◽  
Attentional Performance ◽  
Behavioral States ◽  
Time Lagged ◽  
Intracranial Electroencephalography

The default mode network (DMN) is thought to exhibit infraslow anticorrelated activity with dorsal attention (DAN) and salience (SN) networks across various behavioral states. To investigate the dynamics of activity across these networks on a finer timescale, we used human intracranial electroencephalography with simultaneous recordings within core nodes of the three networks. During attentional task performance, the three sites showed dissociable profiles of high-frequency broadband activity. Anticorrelated infraslow fluctuations of this activity were found across networks during task performance but also intermittently emerged during rest and sleep in concert with the expression of task-like network-level topographic patterns. Critically, on a finer timescale, DAN and SN activations preceded DMN deactivations by hundreds of milliseconds. Moreover, greater lagged, but not zero-lag, anticorrelation between DAN and DMN activity was associated with better attentional performance. These findings have implications for interpreting antagonistic network relationships and confirm the behavioral importance of time-lagged inter-network interactions.

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