scholarly journals Absolute quantitation of serum antibody reactivity using the Richards growth model for antigen microspot titration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krisztian Papp ◽  
Agnes Kovacs ◽  
Anita Orosz ◽  
Zoltan Herincs ◽  
Judit Randek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activity Coefficient ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Interaction Space ◽  
Thermodynamic Activity ◽  
Absolute Quantitation ◽  
Antibody Reactivity ◽  
Binding Data ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Antigen Interaction

In spite of its pivotal role in the characterization of humoral immunity, there is no accepted method for the absolute quantitation of antigen specific serum antibodies. We devised a novel method to quantify polyclonal antibody reactivity, which exploits protein microspot assays and employs a novel analytical approach. Microarrays with a density series of disease specific antigen were treated with different serum dilutions and developed for IgG and IgA binding. By fitting binding data of both dilution series to a product of two generalized logistic functions, we obtained estimates of antibody reactivity of two immunoglobulin classes simultaneously. These estimates are the antigen concentrations required for reaching the inflection point of thermodynamic activity coefficient of antibodies and the limiting activity coefficient of antigen. By providing universal chemical units, this method may improve standardization of serological testing, the quality control of antibodies and the quantitative mapping of antibody-antigen interaction space.

scholarly journals IN VITRO STUDIES OF CELLULAR HYPERSENSITIVITY

1964 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 1231-1243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. Carpenter ◽  
Michael W. Brandriss
Keyword(s):  
Direct Method ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Monocytic Cells ◽  
In Vitro System ◽  
Protein Conjugates ◽  
Antigen Interaction ◽  
Saline Solutions ◽  
Circulating Antibody

Some characteristics of inhibition of cell migration induced in tissue culture by the addition of specific antigen were studied. The following characteristics were found to be shared by this type of cellular hypersensitivity and delayed cutaneous sensitivity: 1. Specificity for the carrier moiety of haptene protein conjugates. The picryl protein conjugate used to sensitize guinea pigs inhibited migration of monocytic cells from these animals. Other picrylated proteins produced little inhibition. 2. Enhancement by mycobacterial adjuvants. Incorporation of tubercle bacilli with picrylated proteins in adjuvant-antigen emulsions stimulated the development of this cellular hypersensitivity to antigen. 3. Independence of circulating antibody. In contrast to cellular hypersensitivity, serum antibody (a) reacted with any of a number of picrylated proteins, (b) developed well in the absence of mycobacterial adjuvant, and (c) persisted in unchanged titer for 5 weeks in animals sensitized with saline solutions of antigen. During this time cellular hypersensitivity decreased remarkably. The in vitro system described provides a direct method to measure cell-antigen interaction and permits study of an aspect of the immune response not mediated by humoral antibody. The relation of cellular hypersensitivity to antibody formation and delayed hypersensitivity is discussed.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC AND GROWTH HORMONES ON ANTIBODY FORMATION

1957 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuo Hayashida ◽  
Choh Hao Li
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Antibody Formation ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Growth Hormones ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Cent Level ◽  
Body Weight Increase ◽  
Antibody Levels

The influence of pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and growth hormone (somatotropin, STH), singly and in combination, has been studied in normal, young adult rats, with respect to antibody formation against Fraction IA of Pasteurella pestis. When ACTH was administered during the period of immunization, in a daily dose just sufficient to prevent body weight increase relative to the non-treated, immunized controls, serum antibody levels against the specific antigen employed were significantly depressed. The administration of STH alone resulted in a marked increase in body weight. The increase in antibody level was not significant at the 5 per cent level when compared with the control values. The same dosage of STH given simultaneously with ACTH maintained body weight at a level slightly above that of the controls, and resulted in an effective counteraction of the antibody depression produced by the latter hormone.

scholarly journals DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY

1958 ◽  
Vol 108 (6) ◽  
pp. 905-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan W. Uhr ◽  
M. W. Brandriss
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Endotoxin Tolerance ◽  
Delayed Hypersensitivity ◽  
Febrile Response ◽  
Protein Antigens ◽  
Skin Reactivity ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Specific Challenge

Guinea pigs with delayed hypersensitivity to protein antigens show a specific febrile response accompanied by a lymphopenia following injection of a desensitizing dose of specific antigen. No signs of shock are observed in highly sensitive animals following this injection. The response is not prevented in sensitive guinea pigs by inducing endotoxin tolerance or by pretreating with cortisone before specific challenge. Using a suitable antigen in sufficiently sensitive animals as little as 100 µg. can elicit a pronounced febrile response. Injection of a desensitizing dose of antigen specifically abolishes systemic as well as skin reactivity for several days. Normal or hypersensitive (delayed-type) animals passively sensitized with sufficient amounts of serum antibody show hypothermia after specific challenge and may show a delayed type of fatal shock. Differences were noted between their systemic reactivities, however, and the reactivity seen in specifically challenged tuberculous animals.

scholarly journals Clinical Presentation and Serum Antibody Reactivity of Leprosy Patients Attending a Dermatology Clinic in Caracas, Venezuela

2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-141
Author(s):  
Elsa M. Rada ◽  
Malcolm S. Duthie ◽  
Duniashka BELLORÍN ◽  
Sabelys Morales ◽  
Lucibel Crespo
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Dermatology Clinic ◽  
Antibody Reactivity ◽  
Leprosy Patients

Immune response profiles in vaccinated and non-vaccinated high- and low-responder mice during infection with the intestinal nematode Trichinella spiralis

Parasitology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Robinson ◽  
T. Bellaby ◽  
D. Wakelin
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Node ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Genetically Determined

NIH and C57 BL/10 (BIO) mice show genetically determined differences in their response to Trichinella spiralis infection. This study examines the influence of these on parameters of the immune response to infection after vaccination using muscle-larval excretory–secretory antigen in Freund's complete adjuvant. Serum antibody levels were greatly elevated when mice of both strains were vaccinated prior to infection; however, NIH produced significantly higher-level antibody responses than B10. Vaccination accelerated and increased the capacity of mesenteric lymph node T-cells to proliferate in vitro in response to specific antigen stimulation in both mouse strains but, in general, the stimulation indices of NIH cells were higher than those of the B10. The capacity of mesenteric lymph node cells (MLNC) and spleen cells (SC) to produce IL-5 and γIFN was measured after specific in vitro stimulation and early γIFN secretion was noted in the supernatants of NIH MLNC and SC, but not in B10 SC. Concentrations of IL-S rose steadily over the first 10–14 days after infection in cell cultures from both strains. Prior vaccination of these animals appeared to enhance cytokine levels. It is postulated that the efficacy of vaccination in NIH mice is a consequence of their genetically determined capacity to produce early and high-level responses to the antigens of T. spiralis and to express these in intestinal effector mechanisms.

scholarly journals Antibodies against Immunodominant Antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Subjects with Suspected Tuberculosis in the United States Compared by HIV Status

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline M. Achkar ◽  
Elisabeth Jenny-Avital ◽  
Xian Yu ◽  
Susanne Burger ◽  
Eric Leibert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Malate Synthase ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antibody Reactivity

ABSTRACT The immunodominance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteins malate synthase (MS) and MPT51 has been demonstrated in case-control studies with patients from countries in which tuberculosis (TB) is endemic. The value of these antigens for the serodiagnosis of TB now is evaluated in a cross-sectional study of pulmonary TB suspects in the United States diagnosed to have TB, HIV-associated TB, or other respiratory diseases (ORD). Serum antibody reactivity to recombinant purified MS and MPT51 was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) of samples from TB suspects and well-characterized control groups. TB suspects were diagnosed with TB (n = 87; 49% sputum microscopy negative, 20% HIV+) or ORD (n = 63; 58% HIV+). Antibody reactivity to MS and MPT51 was significantly higher in U.S. HIV+/TB samples than in HIV−/TB samples (P < 0.001), and it was significantly higher in both TB groups than in control groups with latent TB infection (P < 0.001). Antibody reactivity to both antigens was higher in U.S. HIV+/TB samples than in HIV+/ORD samples (P = 0.052 for MS, P = 0.001 for MPT51) but not significantly different between HIV−/TB and HIV−/ORD. Among U.S. HIV+ TB suspects, a positive anti-MPT51 antibody response was strongly and significantly associated with TB (odds ratio, 11.0; 95% confidence interval, 2.3 to 51.2; P = 0.002). These findings have implications for the adjunctive use of TB serodiagnosis with these antigens in HIV+ subjects.

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