Transcriptomic modulation in response to an intoxication with deltamethrin in Triatoma infestans, vector of Chagas disease

Background: Triatoma infestans is the main vector of Chagas disease in the Southern Cone. The resistance to pyrethroid insecticides developed by populations of this species impairs the effectiveness of vector control campaigns in wide regions of Argentina. The study of the global transcriptomic response to pyrethroid insecticides is important to deepen the knowledge about detoxification in triatomines. Methodology and findings: We used RNA-Seq to explore the early transcriptomic response of T. infestans after intoxication with deltamethrin. We were able to assemble a complete transcriptome of this vector and found evidence of differentially expressed genes belonging to diverse families such as chemosensory and odorant-binding proteins, ABC transporters and heat-shock proteins. Moreover, genes related to transcription and translation, energetic metabolism and cuticle rearrangements were also modulated. Finally, we characterized the repertoire of previously uncharacterized detoxification-related gene families in T. infestans and Rhodnius prolixus. Conclusions and significance: Our work contributes to the understanding of the detoxification response in vectors of Chagas disease. Given the absence of genomic information from T. infestans, the analysis presented here constitutes a resource for molecular and physiological studies in this species. The results increase the knowledge on detoxification processes in vectors of Chagas disease, and provide relevant information to explore new potential insecticide resistance mechanisms in these insects.

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Identifying Current and Missing Knowledge in the Control of Pyrethroid-Resistant Triatoma infestans, Vector of Chagas Disease

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v9n7p47 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Gonzalo Roca Acevedo ◽

María Inés Picollo

Keyword(s):

Chagas Disease ◽

Chemical Control ◽

Rational Design ◽

Pyrethroid Resistance ◽

Triatoma Infestans ◽

Vector Transmission ◽

Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽

Blood Sucking ◽

Deltamethrin Resistance ◽

Metabolic Detoxification

Triatomines are blood-sucking bugs that occur mainly in Latin America. They are vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the parasite that causes Chagas disease. Chemical control of Chagas disease´s vectors by using pyrethroid insecticides has been highly successful for the elimination of domestic infestation and consequently the reduction of the vector transmission. However, at the beginning of the 2000s a decrease in the effectiveness of the chemical control of triatomines was detected in several areas from Argentina and Bolivia, particularly in the Gran Chaco eco-region.During the last 15 years, several studies demonstrated the evolution of insecticide resistance in Triatoma infestans and established the presence of different toxicological profiles, the autosomal inherence of resistance, the biological costs of deltamethrin resistance, the expression of deltamethrin resistance thorough the embryonic development, and the main mechanisms of resistance (target-site insensitivity and metabolic detoxification of insecticides).The emergence of pyrethroid resistance coupled with the usual difficulties in sustaining adequate rates of insecticide applications emphasize the need of incorporating other tools for integrated vector and disease control, such as the proposal of the organo-phosphorus insecticide fenitrothion as an alternative chemical strategy for the management of the resistance because it was effective against pyrethroid-resistant populations in laboratory and semi-field trials.New studies on the current situation of presence and spread of resistant populations of triatomines and the acceptance of the use of alternative insecticides are critical requirements in the implementation of strategies for the management of resistance and for the rational design of campaigns oriented to reducing the vector transmission of Chagas’ disease.

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Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of pyrethroid resistance in the CKR strain of Aedes aegypti

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽

10.1371/journal.pntd.0009871 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. e0009871

Author(s):

Haina Sun ◽

Robert W. Mertz ◽

Letícia B. Smith ◽

Jeffrey G. Scott

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Proteomic Analysis ◽

Molecular Basis ◽

Pyrethroid Resistance ◽

Resistance Mechanisms ◽

Chromosome 1 ◽

Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases ◽

Rna Seq ◽

Proteomics Data ◽

Pyrethroid Insecticides

Aedes aegypti is an important vector of human viral diseases. This mosquito is distributed globally and thrives in urban environments, making it a serious risk to human health. Pyrethroid insecticides have been the mainstay for control of adult A. aegypti for decades, but resistance has evolved, making control problematic in some areas. One major mechanism of pyrethroid resistance is detoxification by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs), commonly associated with the overexpression of one or more CYPs. Unfortunately, the molecular basis underlying this mechanism remains unknown. We used a combination of RNA-seq and proteomic analysis to evaluate the molecular basis of pyrethroid resistance in the highly resistant CKR strain of A. aegypti. The CKR strain has the resistance mechanisms from the well-studied Singapore (SP) strain introgressed into the susceptible Rockefeller (ROCK) strain genome. The RNA-seq and proteomics data were complimentary; each offering insights that the other technique did not provide. However, transcriptomic results did not quantitatively mirror results of the proteomics. There were 10 CYPs which had increased expression of both transcripts and proteins. These CYPs appeared to be largely trans-regulated, except for some CYPs for which we could not rule out gene duplication. We identified 65 genes and lncRNAs as potentially being responsible for elevating the expression of CYPs in CKR. Resistance was associated with multiple loci on chromosome 1 and at least one locus on chromosome 3. We also identified five CYPs that were overexpressed only as proteins, suggesting that stabilization of CYP proteins could be a mechanism of resistance. Future studies to increase the resolution of the resistance loci, and to examine the candidate genes and lncRNAs identified here will greatly enhance our understanding of CYP-mediated resistance in A. aegypti.

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Insecticide Resistance Mechanisms in Triatoma infestans (Reduviidae: Triatominae): The Putative Role of Enhanced Detoxification and Knockdown Resistance (kdr) Allele in a Resistant Hotspot From the Argentine Chaco

Journal of Medical Entomology ◽

10.1093/jme/tjz249 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 57 (3) ◽

pp. 837-844 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Georgina Fronza ◽

Gonzalo Roca-Acevedo ◽

Gaston A Mougabure-Cueto ◽

Ivana Sierra ◽

Natalia Capriotti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insecticide Resistance ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Molecular Study ◽

Resistance Mechanisms ◽

Triatoma Infestans ◽

Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽

Degradative Enzymes ◽

A Minor

Abstract Chagas disease affects around 6 million people in the world, and in Latin America, it is mainly transmitted by the kissing bug. Chemical control of the vector with pyrethroid insecticides has been the most frequently used tool to reduce the disease incidence. Failures of field control have been detected in areas of the Argentinian Gran Chaco that correlate with high levels of insecticide resistance. Here, we provide evidence of the mechanisms involved in the resistance to insecticides of field populations of T. infestans from General Güemes Department (Chaco Province, Argentina). The biochemical analysis suggests the increase in the activity of the degradative enzymes P450 oxidases and esterases as a minor contributive mechanism in low-resistance populations. The molecular study revealed high frequencies of the kdr L925I mutation at the voltage-gated sodium channel as responsible for the high resistance ratios detected. This knowledge contributes to the generation of comprehensive vector control strategies that reduce the incidence of the disease.

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Improving houses in the Bolivian Chaco increases effectiveness of residual insecticide spraying against infestation with Triatoma infestans, vector of Chagas disease

Tropical Medicine & International Health ◽

10.1111/tmi.13640 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Raquel Gonçalves ◽

Daniel Landivar ◽

Edson Grover Sañez Liendo ◽

Janet Mamani Fernandez ◽

Hanafy M. Ismail ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chagas Disease ◽

Triatoma Infestans

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Identification and Expression Analysis of the Genes Involved in the Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides Pathway of Phaseolus vulgaris and Glycine max

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10071465 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1465

Author(s):

Ramon de Koning ◽

Raphaël Kiekens ◽

Mary Esther Muyoka Toili ◽

Geert Angenon

Keyword(s):

Common Bean ◽

Seed Development ◽

Expression Analysis ◽

De Novo ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Gene Families ◽

Rna Seq ◽

Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides ◽

Specific Expression ◽

Raffinose Synthase

Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO) play an important role in plants but are also considered to be antinutritional factors. A profound understanding of the galactinol and RFO biosynthetic gene families and the expression patterns of the individual genes is a prerequisite for the sustainable reduction of the RFO content in the seeds, without compromising normal plant development and functioning. In this paper, an overview of the annotation and genetic structure of all galactinol- and RFO biosynthesis genes is given for soybean and common bean. In common bean, three galactinol synthase genes, two raffinose synthase genes and one stachyose synthase gene were identified for the first time. To discover the expression patterns of these genes in different tissues, two expression atlases have been created through re-analysis of publicly available RNA-seq data. De novo expression analysis through an RNA-seq study during seed development of three varieties of common bean gave more insight into the expression patterns of these genes during the seed development. The results of the expression analysis suggest that different classes of galactinol- and RFO synthase genes have tissue-specific expression patterns in soybean and common bean. With the obtained knowledge, important galactinol- and RFO synthase genes that specifically play a key role in the accumulation of RFOs in the seeds are identified. These candidate genes may play a pivotal role in reducing the RFO content in the seeds of important legumes which could improve the nutritional quality of these beans and would solve the discomforts associated with their consumption.

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Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Hsf and Hsp Gene Families and Gene Expression Analysis under Heat Stress in Eggplant (Solanum melongema L.)

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae7060149 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 149

Author(s):

Chao Gong ◽

Qiangqiang Pang ◽

Zhiliang Li ◽

Zhenxing Li ◽

Riyuan Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Gene Families ◽

High Temperature Stress ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Rna Seq ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Motif Composition ◽

Hsp Genes ◽

Identification And Characterization

Under high temperature stress, a large number of proteins in plant cells will be denatured and inactivated. Meanwhile Hsfs and Hsps will be quickly induced to remove denatured proteins, so as to avoid programmed cell death, thus enhancing the thermotolerance of plants. Here, a comprehensive identification and analysis of the Hsf and Hsp gene families in eggplant under heat stress was performed. A total of 24 Hsf-like genes and 117 Hsp-like genes were identified from the eggplant genome using the interolog from Arabidopsis. The gene structure and motif composition of Hsf and Hsp genes were relatively conserved in each subfamily in eggplant. RNA-seq data and qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expressions of most eggplant Hsf and Hsp genes were increased upon exposure to heat stress, especially in thermotolerant line. The comprehensive analysis indicated that different sets of SmHsps genes were involved downstream of particular SmHsfs genes. These results provided a basis for revealing the roles of SmHsps and SmHsp for thermotolerance in eggplant, which may potentially be useful for understanding the thermotolerance mechanism involving SmHsps and SmHsp in eggplant.

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