scholarly journals Evolutionary traits of Tick-borne encephalitis virus: Pervasive non-coding RNA structure conservation and molecular epidemiology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena S. Kutschera ◽  
Michael T. Wolfinger
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Rna Structure ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Structure Conservation ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Varied Range ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is the etiological agent of tick-borne encephalitis, an infectious disease of the central nervous system that is often associated with severe sequelae in humans. While TBEV is typically classified into three subtypes, recent evidence suggests a more varied range of TBEV subtypes and lineages that differ substantially in their 3'UTR architecture. Building on comparative genomics approaches and thermodynamic modeling, we characterize the TBEV 3'UTR structureome diversity and propose a unified picture of pervasive non-coding RNA (ncRNA) structure conservation. Moreover, we provide an updated phylogeny of TBEV, building on more than 220 publicly available complete genomes, and investigate the molecular epidemiology and phylodynamics with Nextstrain, a web-based visualization framework for real-time pathogen evolution.

scholarly journals Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus: A Quest for Better Vaccines against a Virus on the Rise

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mareike Kubinski ◽  
Jana Beicht ◽  
Thomas Gerlach ◽  
Asisa Volz ◽  
Gerd Sutter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Protective Measure ◽  
Humoral And Cellular Immunity ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Protection Against Infection ◽  
Vaccine Failures

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a member of the family Flaviviridae, is one of the most important tick-transmitted viruses in Europe and Asia. Being a neurotropic virus, TBEV causes infection of the central nervous system, leading to various (permanent) neurological disorders summarized as tick-borne encephalitis (TBE). The incidence of TBE cases has increased due to the expansion of TBEV and its vectors. Since antiviral treatment is lacking, vaccination against TBEV is the most important protective measure. However, vaccination coverage is relatively low and immunogenicity of the currently available vaccines is limited, which may account for the vaccine failures that are observed. Understanding the TBEV-specific correlates of protection is of pivotal importance for developing novel and improved TBEV vaccines. For affording robust protection against infection and development of TBE, vaccines should induce both humoral and cellular immunity. In this review, the adaptive immunity induced upon TBEV infection and vaccination as well as novel approaches to produce improved TBEV vaccines are discussed.

scholarly journals Relation of genetic phylogeny and geographical distance of tick-borne encephalitis virus in central Europe

2011 ◽  
Vol 92 (8) ◽  
pp. 1906-1916 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Weidmann ◽  
D. Růžek ◽  
K. Křivanec ◽  
G. Zöller ◽  
S. Essbauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Natural Focus ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Disease Pattern ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
First Time

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is the most important arboviral agent causing disease of the central nervous system in central Europe. In this study, 61 TBEV E gene sequences derived from 48 isolates from the Czech Republic, and four isolates and nine TBEV strains detected in ticks from Germany, covering more than half a century from 1954 to 2009, were sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic and Bayesian phylodynamic analysis to determine the phylogeography of TBEV in central Europe. The general Eurasian continental east-to-west pattern of the spread of TBEV was confirmed at the regional level but is interlaced with spreading that arises because of local geography and anthropogenic influence. This spread is reflected by the disease pattern in the Czech Republic that has been observed since 1991. The overall evolutionary rate was estimated to be approximately 8×10−4 substitutions per nucleotide per year. The analysis of the TBEV E genes of 11 strains isolated at one natural focus in Žďár Kaplice proved for the first time that TBEV is indeed subject to local evolution.

scholarly journals Astrocytes in Flavivirus Infections

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Potokar ◽  
Jernej Jorgačevski ◽  
Robert Zorec
Keyword(s):  
Cell Types ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Neurotropic Viruses ◽  
Neuronal Synapses ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
New Strategies

Virus infections of the central nervous system (CNS) can manifest in various forms of inflammation, including that of the brain (encephalitis) and spinal cord (myelitis), all of which may have long-lasting deleterious consequences. Although the knowledge of how different viruses affect neural cells is increasing, understanding of the mechanisms by which cells respond to neurotropic viruses remains fragmented. Several virus types have the ability to infect neural tissue, and astrocytes, an abundant and heterogeneous neuroglial cell type and a key element providing CNS homeostasis, are one of the first CNS cell types to get infected. Astrocytes are morphologically closely aligned with neuronal synapses, blood vessels, and ventricle cavities, and thereby have the capacity to functionally interact with neurons and endothelial cells. In this review, we focus on the responses of astrocytes to infection by neurotropic flaviviruses, including tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), Zika virus (ZIKV), West Nile virus (WNV), and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), which have all been confirmed to infect astrocytes and cause multiple CNS defects. Understanding these mechanisms may help design new strategies to better contain and mitigate virus- and astrocyte-dependent neuroinflammation.

Molecular epidemiology of tick-borne encephalitis virus: cross-protection between European and Far Eastern subtypes

Vaccine ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 345-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Holzmann ◽  
M.S. Vorobyova ◽  
I.P. Ladyzhenskaya ◽  
E. Ferenczi ◽  
M. Kundi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Cross Protection ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Far Eastern

Molecular epidemiology of tick-borne encephalitis virus inIxodes ricinus ticks in Lithuania

2005 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuqi Han ◽  
Aurita Juceviciene ◽  
Nathalie Y. Uzcategui ◽  
Henrikki Brummer-Korvenkontio ◽  
Milda Zygutiene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

TBE in South Korea

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joon Young Song
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Human Case ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Surveillance Studies ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

Although no human case of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) has been documented in South Korea to date, surveillance studies have been conducted to evaluate the prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in wild ticks.

TBE in Slovakia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Kerlik
Keyword(s):  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

The former Czechoslovak Republic was one of the first countries in Europe where the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) was identified.

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