Vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infection with the Omicron or Delta variants following a two-dose or booster BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vaccination series: A Danish cohort study

In this brief communication we are showing original research results with early estimates from Danish nationwide databases of vaccine effectiveness (VE) against the novel SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) up to five months after a primary vaccination series with the BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 -19 vaccines. Our study provides evidence of protection against infection with the Omicron variant after completion of a primary vaccination series with the BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vaccines; in particular, we found a VE against the Omicron variant of 55.2% (95% confidence interval (CI): 23.5 to 73.7%) and 36.7% (95% CI: 69.9 to 76.4%) for the BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccines, respectively, in the first month after primary vaccination. However, the VE is significantly lower than that against Delta infection and declines rapidly over just a few months. The VE is re-established upon revaccination with the BNT162b2 vaccine (54.6%, 95% CI: 30.4 to 70.4%).

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Vaccine effectiveness when combining the ChAdOx1 vaccine as the first dose with an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine as the second dose

10.1101/2021.07.26.21261130 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mie Agermose Gram ◽

Hanne-Dorthe Emborg ◽

Ida Rask Moustsen-Helms ◽

Jens Nielsen ◽

Anne Katrine Bj&oslashrkholt S&oslashrensen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Population Based ◽

Vaccine Effectiveness ◽

Danish Population ◽

Calendar Time ◽

High Quality ◽

New Knowledge

Background: The recommendations in several countries to stop using the ChAdOx1 vaccine has led to vaccine programs combining different vaccine types, which necessitates new knowledge on vaccine effectiveness (VE). In this study, we aimed to estimate the VE when combining the ChAdOx1 vaccine as the first dose and an mRNA vaccine as the second dose. Methods: This nationwide population-based cohort study estimated VE against SARS-CoV-2 infection, all-cause and COVID-19 related hospitalization and death after receiving the ChAdOx1 vaccine as the first dose followed by an mRNA vaccine as the second dose. VE estimates were obtained using a Cox regression with calendar time as underlying time and adjusted for sex, age, comorbidity, heritage and hospital admission. Information on all individuals was extracted and linked from high-quality national registries. Results: A total of 5,542,079 individuals were included in the analyses (97.6% of the total Danish population). A total of 144,360 were vaccinated with the ChAdOx1 vaccine as the first dose and of these 136,551 individuals received an mRNA vaccine as the second dose. A total of 1,691,464 person-years and 83,034 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. The VE against SARS-CoV-2 infection when combining the ChAdOx1 and an mRNA vaccine was 88% (95% confidence interval (CI): 83; 92) 14 days after the second dose and onwards. There were no COVID-19 related hospitalizations and deaths among the individuals vaccinated with the combination of the ChAdOx1 and an mRNA vaccine during the study period. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study found a reduction in the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection when combining the ChAdOx1 and an mRNA vaccine, compared with unvaccinated individuals. This is similar to the VE of two doses of an mRNA vaccine. Longer follow-up time is needed to confirm vaccine induced protection against severe events, such as COVID-19 related hospitalization and death.

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Vaccine effectiveness against infection with the Delta (B.1.617.2) variant, Norway, April to August 2021

Eurosurveillance ◽

10.2807/1560-7917.es.2021.26.35.2100793 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (35) ◽

Author(s):

Elina Seppälä ◽

Lamprini Veneti ◽

Jostein Starrfelt ◽

Anders Skyrud Danielsen ◽

Karoline Bragstad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Population Based ◽

Vaccine Effectiveness ◽

Alpha Variant

Some variants of SARS-CoV-2 are associated with increased transmissibility, increased disease severity or decreased vaccine effectiveness (VE). In this population-based cohort study (n = 4,204,859), the Delta variant was identified in 5,430 (0.13%) individuals, of whom 84 were admitted to hospital. VE against laboratory confirmed infection with the Delta variant was 22.4% among partly vaccinated (95% confidence interval (CI): 17.0−27.4) and 64.6% (95% CI: 60.6−68.2) among fully vaccinated individuals, compared with 54.5% (95% CI: 50.4−58.3) and 84.4% (95%CI: 81.8−86.5) against the Alpha variant.

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mRNA vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19-related hospitalisations and deaths in older adults: a cohort study based on data linkage of national health registries in Portugal, February to August 2021

Eurosurveillance ◽

10.2807/1560-7917.es.2021.26.38.2100833 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (38) ◽

Author(s):

Baltazar Nunes ◽

Ana Paula Rodrigues ◽

Irina Kislaya ◽

Camila Cruz ◽

André Peralta-Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

National Health ◽

Data Linkage ◽

Age Groups ◽

Vaccine Effectiveness ◽

Two Age Groups

Through deterministic data linkage of health registries, mRNA vaccine effectiveness (VE) against COVID-19-related hospitalisations and deaths was measured in 1,880,351 older adults. VE against hospitalisations was 94% (95% confidence interval (CI): 88–97) and 82% (95% CI: 72–89) for those 65–79 and ≥ 80 years old, with no evidence of waning 98 days after dose two. VE against mortality was 96% (95% CI: 92–98) and 81% (95% CI: 74–87) in these two age groups.

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Two doses of the mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine reduce severe outcomes, viral load and secondary attack rate: evidence from a SARS-CoV-2 Alpha outbreak in a nursing home, Osnabrueck, Germany, January-March 2021

10.1101/2021.09.13.21262519 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Emily Dorothee Meyer ◽

Mirco Sandfort ◽

Jennifer K Bender ◽

Dorothea Matysiak-Klose ◽

Achim Doerre ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Nursing Home ◽

Viral Load ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Attack Rate ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Vaccine Effectiveness ◽

Pharmaceutical Interventions

A SARS-CoV-2 Alpha outbreak was detected in a nursing home after residents and staff had completed vaccination with BNT162b. In a retrospective cohort study, we estimated an age-adjusted vaccine effectiveness of 88% [95% confidence interval (95%CI) 41-98%] against hospitalization/death. Ct values at diagnosis were higher with longer intervals since the second vaccination [>21 vs. ≤21 days: 4.82 cycles, 95%CI: 0.06-9.58]. Secondary attack rates were 67% lower in households of vaccinated [2/9 (22.2%)] than unvaccinated infected staff [12/18 (66.7%); p=0.046]. Vaccination reduced the risk of severe outcomes, Ct values and transmission, but not fully. Non-pharmaceutical interventions remain important for vaccinated individuals.

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SECOND DOSE OF MEASLES-MUMPS-RUBELLA VACINATION AND THE POTENTIAL ASSOCIATION WITH ADMISSIONS FOR INFECTION AND ANTIBIOTIC PRESCRIPTIONS – A REGISTER-BASED NATIONWIDE DANISH COHORT STUDY

10.26226/morressier.58fa1765d462b80290b50aff ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Signe Sørup

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Potential Association ◽

Danish Cohort

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Herpes zoster vaccine effectiveness against incident herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia in an older US population: a cohort study.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.718009501.793476552 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Hywel Williams

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Herpes Zoster ◽

Vaccine Effectiveness ◽

Post Herpetic Neuralgia ◽

Zoster Vaccine

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Efficacy of ESS in chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyposis: a Danish cohort study.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.725529544.793522788 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Erik K Weitzel

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽

Nasal Polyposis ◽

Danish Cohort

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Endometriosis and pregnancy complications: a Danish cohort study.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.726852305.793525141 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Jim Tsaltas

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Pregnancy Complications ◽

Danish Cohort

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PENGAKUAN CALABAI: SEBUAH ANALISIS INTERTEKSTUAL NOVEL PASUNG JIWA KARYA OKKY MADASARI DAN NOVEL CALABAI KARYA PEPI AL-BAYQUNIE

Jurnal KATA ◽

10.22216/jk.v2i1.3148 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 50

Author(s):

Krisna Aji Kusuma ◽

Herman J Waluyo ◽

Nugraheni Eko Wardani

Keyword(s):

Content Analysis ◽

Analysis Data ◽

Qualitative Approach ◽

The Novel ◽

Research Results ◽

Self Actualization ◽

Similarities And Differences ◽

The Difference ◽

Descriptive Qualitative

This study aims to describe the intertextuality relationship between the novel Pasung Jiwa by Okky Madasari and Calabai by Pepi Al-Bayqunie. The type of research is descriptive qualitative approach using content analysis. Data are collected by inventorying events that are similarities and differences, specifications on the characters, settings, plots, and themes of both text. The research results indicate that there are similar themes on the two novels, the theme of self actualization in addition with the theme of family and friendship. The same characterization are also used by both author, masculine figures with feminine soul characters. The difference between the two novels lies on the plot and setting. Pasung Jiwa uses progressive plot and Calabai uses a flash-back plot.. Okky Madasari takes Java Island as the background in the novel Pasung Jiwa, while the novel Calabai, Pepi Al-Bayqunie using the setting of Sulawesi Island. The basis of the similarity of theme and characterization supported by the similirity of events in the story shows the existence of intertextual relationship between the two novels. As a previously published work, the novel Pasung Jiwa by Okky Madasari is a hipogram and novel Calabai by Pepi A-Bayqunie as a transformational text. On the theme and characterization, the transformation of Calabai forward the hypogram, while in the plot and setting deviates his hypogram, Pasung Jiwa.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan hubungan intertekstualitas antara novel Pasung Jiwa karya Okky Madasari dan novel Calabai karya Pepi Al-Bayqunie. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan konten analisis. Data dikumpulkan dengan menginventariskan peristiwa yang merupakan persamaan dan perbedaan, spesifikasi pada tokoh, latar, alur, dan tema dari kedua teks. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat kesamaan tema pada kedua novel, yaitu tema aktualisasi diri, ditambah dengan tema keluarga dan persahabatan. Penokohan yang sama juga digunakan oleh kedua penulis, yaitu tokoh maskulin dengan karakter jiwa feminin. Perbedaan kedua novel terletak pada alur dan latar. Pasung Jiwa menggunakan alur maju dan Calabai menggunakan alur campuran. Latar dalam novel Pasung Jiwa, Okky Madasari mengambil latar Pulau Jawa, sedangkan novel Calabai, Pepi Al-Bayqunie menggunakan latar Pulau Sulawesi. Dasar kesamaan tema dan penokohan didukung kesamaan peristiwa-peristiwa dalam cerita menunjukkan adanya hubungan intertekstual antara kedua novel. Sebagai karya yang terbit terlebih dahulu menjadikan novel Pasung Jiwa karya Okky Madasari adalah hipogram dan novel Calabai karya Pepi Al-Bayqunie sebagai teks transformasi. Pada tema dan penokohan, transformasi Calabai meneruskan hipogram, sedangkan pada alur dan latar menyimpangi hipogramnya, Pasung Jiwa.

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