scholarly journals General Anxiety Disorder-7 Questionnaire as a marker of low socioeconomic status and inequity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio C Nunes ◽  
Megan K Carroll ◽  
Kenneth W Mahaffey ◽  
Robert M Califf ◽  
P Murali Doraiswamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Treatment Pathways ◽  
General Anxiety Disorder ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
Medical Diagnoses

Background: The General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire is a standard tool used for screening and follow-up of patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). Although it is generally accepted that anxiety correlates with clinical and psychosocial stressors, precise quantitative data is limited on the relations among GAD-7, traditional biomarkers, and other measures of health. Even less is known about how GAD-7 relates to race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status (SES).We determined how multiple demographic and socioeconomic data correlate with the participant's GAD-7 results when compared with laboratory, physical function, clinical, and other biological markers. Methods: The Project Baseline Health Study (BHS) is a prospective cohort of adults representing several populations in the USA. We analyzed a deeply phenotyped group of 2502 participants from that study. Measures of interest included: clinical markers or history of medical diagnoses; physical function markers including gait, grip strength, balance time, daily steps, and echocardiographic parameters; psychometric measurements; activities of daily living; socioeconomic characteristics; and laboratory results. Results: Higher GAD-7 scores were associated with female sex, younger age, and Hispanic ethnicity. Measures of low SES were also associated with higher scores, including unemployment, income ≤$25,000, and ≤12 years of education. After adjustment for 166 demographic, clinical, laboratory, and symptom characteristics, unemployment and overall higher SES risk scores were highly correlated with anxiety scores. Protective factors included Black race and older age. Limitations: Correlations identified in this cross-sectional study cannot be used to infer causal relationships; further, we were not able to account for possible use of anxiety treatments by study participants. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of understanding anxiety as a biopsychosocial entity. Clinicians and provider organizations need to consider both the physical manifestations of the disorder and their patients' social determinants of health when considering treatment pathways and designing interventions.

scholarly journals Assessing the Level of Awareness of COVID-19 and Prevalence of General Anxiety Disorder among the Hail Community, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 7035
Author(s):  
Bandar Alsaif ◽  
Najm Eldinn Elsser Elhassan ◽  
Ramaiah Itumalla ◽  
Kamal Elbassir Ali ◽  
Mohamed Ali Alzain
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
General Anxiety Disorder ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Positive Attitudes

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a major public health problem around the world. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess the awareness and prevalence of General Anxiety Disorder (GAD) with regard to COVID-19 among the Hail community, in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, in order to help health authorities to effectively control the pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was completed by 412 participants living in Hail, Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire assessed demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices for the prevention of COVID-19, as well as psychological feelings in terms of GAD as an impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: The study found that most of the respondents demonstrated good knowledge, attitudes, and practice for COVID-19 prevention. The elderly and employed demonstrated significant positive attitudes and practices (p < 0.05). Participants with a positive attitude were almost two and a half times (OR = 2.4; 95% CI: 1.54–3.99) more likely to have good practices. Additionally, the rural respondents were less likely (OR = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.21–0.96) to have a positive attitude. Married participants were more than one and a half (OR = 1.60; 95% CI: 1.04–2.44) times more likely to have a positive attitude. The prevalence of GAD was 21.8% and was significantly increased among participants with inadequate knowledge (OR = 2.01; 95% CI: 1.25–3.22), females (OR = 1.92; 95% CI: 1.19–3.09), individuals with chronic diseases (OR = 1.71; 95% CI: 1.02–2.86), and non-Saudi participants (OR = 2.44; 95% CI: 1.02–5.85). Conclusions: Ensuring a sufficient combination of relatively good levels of knowledge, positive attitudes, and desired practices serves as a good approach to preventing the spread of COVID-19. However, the increased prevalence of GAD requires the attention of policymakers. Therefore, a great emphasis should be placed on health awareness campaigns, with a focus on misconceptions and the provision of counseling.

scholarly journals dePression, ANxiety, and acaDEMImiC performance in COVID- 19: The PANDEMIC study: A cross-sectional survey study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco José Barbosa-Camacho ◽  
Olaya Moramay Romero-Limón ◽  
Juan Carlos Ibarrola-Peña ◽  
Yolanda Lorelei Almanza-Mena ◽  
Kevin Josue Pintor-Belmontes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Anxiety Disorder ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Screening Scale

Abstract BackgroundAfter almost nine months of social isolation, the high incidence of depression and anxiety is understandable. However, depression and anxiety can adversely affect the quality of life. One of the biggest challenges in this global pandemic is providing education within public and private academic institutes.MethodsThis study was a cross-sectional survey distributed online from April to June 2020. We used the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 depression screening scale and the General Anxiety Disorder-7 screening scale to identify the presence of mental health disorders such as depression or anxiety in undergraduate and graduate students. We used the Academic Self-Concept Scale to determine whether these disorders altered students' perception of their academic performance.ResultsA total of 610 students answered the survey: 386 female (63.3%) and 224 male (36.7%). Most students (71.5%) had not participated in online courses before. When asked about their class preferences, 581 students (95.2%) preferred to be taught in classes. The average Academic Self-Concept Scale score was 2.76 ± 0.35. The Academic Self-Concept Scale scores were divided into Confidence and Effort categories, and their respective mean scores were 2.71 ± 0.37 and 2.82 ± 0.45. The total mean Patient Health Questionnarie-9 scores were 11.94 ± 6.90, and the mean General Anxiety Disorder-7 score was 10.30 ± 5.66. There were significant effects of the severity of depression and anxiety on the Academic Self-Concept Scale scores (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively).ConclusionsThe findings suggest that changing from classroom-based teaching to online delivery is not a challenge for students in the normal situation. However, being quarantined can be stressful and frustrating, which may challenge effective learning.Trial registrationThe study protocol was submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov and registered with the identifier: NCT04420416.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiome: A Potential Indicator for Differential Diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder and General Anxiety Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaiquan Dong ◽  
Xiaoling Shen ◽  
Yanni Hao ◽  
Jin Li ◽  
Haoran Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
General Anxiety Disorder ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
Genus Level

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) and general anxiety disorder (GAD) share many common features, leading to numerous challenges in their differential diagnosis. Given the importance of the microbiota–gut–brain axis, we investigated the differences in gut microbiota between representative cases of these two diseases and sought to develop a microbiome-based approach for their differential diagnosis.Methods: We enrolled 23 patients with MDD, 21 with GAD, and 10 healthy subjects (healthy crowd, HC) in the present study. We used 16S rRNA gene-sequencing analysis to determine the microbial compositions of the gut microbiome based on Illumina Miseq and according to the standard protocol.Results: GAD showed a significant difference in microbiota richness and diversity as compared with HC. Additionally, Otu24167, Otu19140, and Otu19751 were significantly decreased in MDD relative to HC, and Otu2581 and Otu10585 were significantly increased in GAD relative to MDD. At the genus level, the abundances of Sutterella and Fusicatenibacter were significantly lower in MDD relative to HC, and the abundances of Fusicatenibacter and Christensenellaceae_R7_group were significantly lower in GAD than in HC. The abundance of Sutterella was significantly higher whereas that of Faecalibacterium was significantly lower in GAD relative to MDD. Moreover, we observed that Christensenellaceae_R7_group negatively correlated with the factor score (Limited to Hopelessness) and total score of HAMD-24 (p &lt; 0.05), whereas Fusicatenibacter negatively correlated with FT4 (p &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, the GAD group showed significant differences at the genus level for Faecalibacterium, which negatively correlated with PTC (p &lt; 0.05).Conclusions: This study elucidated a unique gut-microbiome signature associated with MDD and GAD that could facilitate differential diagnosis and targeted therapy.

scholarly journals Ansiedade e depressão em atendimento presencial e telessaúde durante a pandemia de Covid-19: um estudo comparativo

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Trevizani Depolli ◽  
Jéssica Nascimento Brozzi ◽  
Andressa de Oliveira Perobelli ◽  
Bruno Lima Alves ◽  
Carmen Barreira-Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Patient Health Questionnaire ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
General Anxiety Disorder ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
Patient Health

Resumo O estudo visou comparar escores de ansiedade e depressão em profissionais da saúde em atendimento remoto ou presencial em um hospital universitário brasileiro durante a pandemia de Covid-19 e identificar fatores associados à ansiedade e à depressão. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo observacional e transversal. Os participantes responderam aos protocolos Patient Health Questionnaire-9 e General Anxiety Disorder-7, além de um questionário sociodemográfico, e foram divididos em três grupos: profissionais da telessaúde (G1), profissionais que exercem de maneira presencial (G2) e profissionais que exercem de ambas as formas (G3). Participaram 159 profissionais da saúde, sendo 36 homens e 123 mulheres, a maioria de enfermeiros, com a média de idade de 42 anos. Os participantes do G2 apresentaram maiores escores de ansiedade e depressão quando comparados aos demais. No entanto, não houve diferenças e associações estatísticas significantes entre esses grupos (p>0,05). ‘Idade’, ‘tipo de profissão’ e ‘receber diagnóstico de Covid-19’ tiveram associações estatísticas com ansiedade e depressão. Concluiu-se que não houve diferença significante entre ansiedade e depressão em profissionais da saúde que trabalham de forma remota ou presencial, assim como não houve associações entre os protocolos e os grupos. ‘Idade’ ‘profissão’ e ‘receber diagnóstico de Covid-19’ podem interferir nesses escores.

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