scholarly journals Estimating the direct Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) associated with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) in the Republic of Ireland: The first full year

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Declan P Moran ◽  
Sara Montero Pires ◽  
Grant MA Wyper ◽  
Brecht Devleesschauwer ◽  
Sarah Cuschieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
National Level ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Intensive Care Unit Treatment ◽  
Single Measure ◽  
Republic Of Ireland ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Republic

Objectives Burden of Disease frameworks facilitate estimation of the health impact of diseases to be translated into a single measure, such as the Disability-Adjusted-Life-Year (DALY). Methods DALYs were calculated as the sum of Years of Life Lost (YLL) and Years Lived with Disability (YLD) directly associated with COVID-19 in the Republic of Ireland (RoI) from March 01, 2020, to February 28, 2021. Life expectancy is based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study life tables for 2019. Results There were 220,273 confirmed cases with a total of 4,500 deaths as a direct result of COVID-19. DALYs were estimated to be 51,532.1 (95% Uncertainty Intervals [UI] 50,671.6, 52,294.3). Overall, YLL contributed to 98.7% of the DALYs. Of total symptomatic cases, 6.5% required hospitalisation and of those hospitalised 10.8% required intensive care unit treatment. COVID-19 was likely to be the second highest cause of death over our study's duration. Conclusion Estimating the burden of a disease at national level is useful for comparing its impact with other diseases in the population and across populations. This work sets out to standardise a COVID-19 BoD methodology framework for the RoI and comparable nations in the EU.

Life Years at Stake

2019 ◽  
pp. 48-60
Author(s):  
Andreas Mogensen
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Ethical Basis

In quantifying the global burden of disease in terms of Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), we must determine both Years of Life Lost (YLLs) and Years Lost to Disability (YLDs). In setting priorities for global health, many have felt that YLLs should not always simply equal life expectancy at death. To this end, Dean Jamison and colleagues recommend the use of a DALY metric that incorporates Acquisition of Life Potential (ALP). When an individual dies, the YLLs that we would otherwise count are multiplied by the value of the ALP function, which rises gradually from 0 to 1 during the first stages of an individual’s life. Jamison et al. do not provide a detailed philosophical justification for the use of gradual ALP. In this chapter I explain why I believe the Time-Relative Interest Account represents the most plausible ethical basis for the ALP approach and describe how we might model ALP in light of this account.

Global, regional, and national burden of other musculoskeletal disorders 1990–2017: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Rheumatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeid Safiri ◽  
Ali Asghar Kolahi ◽  
Marita Cross ◽  
Kristin Carson-Chahhoud ◽  
Amir Almasi-Hashiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
National Level ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
National Burden ◽  
Disease Study

Abstract Objectives To describe the level and trends of point prevalence, deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for other musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders, i.e. those not covered by specific estimates generated for RA, OA, low back pain, neck pain and gout, from 1990 to 2017 by age, sex and sociodemographic index. Methods Publicly available modelled estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study were extracted and reported as counts and age-standardized rates per 100 000 population for 195 countries and territories between 1990 and 2017. Results Globally, the age-standardized point prevalence estimates and deaths rates of other MSK disorders in 2017 were 4151.1 and 1.0 per 100 000. This was an increase of 3.4% and 7.2%, respectively. The age-standardized DALY rate in 2017 was 380.2, an increase of 3.4%. The point prevalence estimate was higher among females and increased with age. This peaked in the 65–69 year age group for both females and males in 2017, followed by a decreasing trend for both sexes. At the national level, the highest age-standardized point prevalence estimates in 2017 were seen in Bangladesh, India and Nepal. The largest increases in age-standardized point prevalence estimates were observed in Romania, Croatia and Armenia. Conclusion The burden of other MSK disorders is proven to be substantial and increasing worldwide, with a notable intercountry variation. Data pertaining to specific diseases within this overarching category are required for future GBD MSK estimates. This would enable policymakers to better allocate resources and provide interventions appropriately.

The prevalence and burden of mental and substance use disorders in Australia: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 483-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana G Ciobanu ◽  
Alize J Ferrari ◽  
Holly E Erskine ◽  
Damian F Santomauro ◽  
Fiona J Charlson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Disease Study ◽  
Years Lived With Disability

Objectives: Timely and accurate assessments of disease burden are essential for developing effective national health policies. We used the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 to examine burden due to mental and substance use disorders in Australia. Methods: For each of the 20 mental and substance use disorders included in Global Burden of Disease Study 2015, systematic reviews of epidemiological data were conducted, and data modelled using a Bayesian meta-regression tool to produce prevalence estimates by age, sex, geography and year. Prevalence for each disorder was then combined with a disorder-specific disability weight to give years lived with disability, as a measure of non-fatal burden. Fatal burden was measured as years of life lost due to premature mortality which were calculated by combining the number of deaths due to a disorder with the life expectancy remaining at the time of death. Disability-adjusted life years were calculated by summing years lived with disability and years of life lost to give a measure of total burden. Uncertainty was calculated around all burden estimates. Results: Mental and substance use disorders were the leading cause of non-fatal burden in Australia in 2015, explaining 24.3% of total years lived with disability, and were the second leading cause of total burden, accounting for 14.6% of total disability-adjusted life years. There was no significant change in the age-standardised disability-adjusted life year rates for mental and substance use disorders from 1990 to 2015. Conclusion: Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 found that mental and substance use disorders were leading contributors to disease burden in Australia. Despite several decades of national reform, the burden of mental and substance use disorders remained largely unchanged between 1990 and 2015. To reduce this burden, effective population-level preventions strategies are required in addition to effective interventions of sufficient duration and coverage.

scholarly journals The disvalue of death in the global burden of disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Tollef Solberg ◽  
Ole Frithjof Norheim ◽  
Mathias Barra
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Life Itself ◽  
Disease Study ◽  
Years Lived With Disability

In the Global Burden of Disease study, disease burden is measured as disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). The paramount assumption of the DALY is that it makes sense to aggregate years lived with disability (YLDs) and years of life lost (YLLs). However, this is not smooth sailing. Whereas morbidity (YLD) is something that happens to an individual, loss of life itself (YLL) occurs when that individual’s life has ended. YLLs quantify something that involves no experience and does not take place among living individuals. This casts doubt on whether the YLL is an individual burden at all. If not, then YLDs and YLLs are incommensurable. There are at least three responses to this problem, only one of which is tenable: a counterfactual account of harm. Taking this strategy necessitates a re-examination of how we count YLLs, particularly at the beginning of life.

scholarly journals Burden of Eating Disorders in China, 1990-2019: An Updated Systematic Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhitao Li ◽  
Lili Wang ◽  
Haixia Guan ◽  
Cheng Han ◽  
Peng Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
National Level ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Disease Study

Background: Eating disorders, including anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN), are complex mental disorders. A better understanding of the burden of eating disorders is essential for improving their management. Information about the burden of eating disorders at the national level in China remains unclear.Methods: This is a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019. The sex- and age-specific prevalence, incidence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of eating disorders in China were estimated by systematically reviewing all available epidemiological data and inputting these data into a Bayesian meta-regression tool (DisMod-MR 2.0). Trends in the age-standardized prevalence, incidence, and DALYs due to AN and BN were assessed from 1990 to 2019.Results: The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), prevalence rate (ASPR), and DALY rate per 100,000 population were estimated to be 13.22 (95% UI, 9.35–18.23), 38.08 (95% UI: 26.37–55.73), and 8.38 (95% UI, 4.87–13.35) for AN and 130.05 (95% UI, 84.02–187.13), 75.21 (95% UI, 48.52–105.97), and 16.16 (95% UI, 9.23–25.40) for BN, respectively, in 2019. The prevalence, incidence, and DALY rate of AN peaked at 15–19 years old. The prevalence and DALY rate of BN peaked at 30–34 years old. Females had a higher burden of AN and a lower burden of BN than males. The ASIR, ASPR, and DALY significantly increased by 1.3% (95% CI: 1.3–1.4%), 1.6% (95% CI, 1.5–1.6%), and 1.6% (95% CI, 1.5–1.7%) for AN and 1.4% (95% CI: 1.4–1.4%), 2.0% (95% CI, 2.0–2.1%), and 2.0% (95% CI, 2.0–2.1%) for BN, respectively, from 1990 to 2019 in China. In addition, the increments in all the age-standardized measures of BN were higher in males than in females.Conclusions: The burden of eating disorders in China showed unexpected patterns that varied by sex and age, with increasing trends of AN and BN from 1990 to 2019. More attention should be given to improving the burden of BN in males in China.

scholarly journals The burden of atherosclerosis in Portugal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Costa ◽  
Joana Alarcão ◽  
Francisco Araujo ◽  
Raquel Ascenção ◽  
Daniel Caldeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Mainland Portugal ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Years Lived With Disability

Abstract Aims This article sought to estimate the burden of disease attributable to atherosclerosis in mainland Portugal in 2016. Methods and results The burden of atherosclerosis was measured in disability-adjusted life years following the latest 2010 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) methodology. Disability-adjusted life years were estimated as the sum of years of life lost (YLL) with years lived with disability (YLD). The following clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis were included: ischaemic heart disease (IHD) (including acute myocardial infarction, stable angina, and ischaemic heart failure), ischaemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD), and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Years of life lost were estimated based on all-cause mortality data for the Portuguese population and mortality due to IHD, ICVD, and PAD for the year 2016 sourced from national statistics. Standard life expectancy was sourced from the GBD study. Years lived with disability corresponded to the product of the number of prevalent cases by an average disability weight for all possible combinations of disease. Prevalence data for the different clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis were sourced from epidemiological studies. Disability weights were sourced from the published literature. In 2016, 15 123 deaths were attributable to atherosclerosis, which corresponded to 14.3% of overall mortality in mainland Portugal. Disability-adjusted life years totalled 260 943, 75% due to premature death (196 438 YLL) and 25% due to disability (64 505 YLD). Conclusion Atherosclerosis entails a high disease burden to society. A large part of this burden would be avoidable if evidence-based effective and cost-effective interventions targeting known risk factors, from prevention to treatment, were implemented.

scholarly journals Conducting national burden of disease studies in small countries in Europe– a feasible challenge?

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Cuschieri ◽  
Elena Pallari ◽  
Natasa Terzic ◽  
Ala’a Alkerwi ◽  
Rannveig Sigurvinsdottir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
National Level ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Small Countries

Abstract Background Burden of Disease (BoD) studies use disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) as a population health metric to quantify the years of life lost due to morbidity and premature mortality for diseases, injuries and risk factors occurring in a region or a country. Small countries usually face a number of challenges to conduct epidemiological studies, such as national BoD studies, due to the lack of specific expertise and resources or absence of adequate data. Considering Europe’s small countries of Cyprus, Iceland, Luxembourg, Malta and Montenegro, the aim was to assess whether the various national data sources identified are appropriate to perform national BoD studies. Main body The five small countries have a well-established mortality registers following the ICD10 classification, which makes calculation of years of life lost (YLL) feasible. A number of health information data sources were identified in each country, which can provide prevalence data for the calculation of years lived with disability (YLD) for various conditions. These sources include disease-specific registers, hospital discharge data, primary health care data and epidemiological studies, provided by different organisations such as health directorates, institutes of public health, statistical offices and other bodies. Hence, DALYs can be estimated at a national level through the combination of the YLL and YLD information. On the other hand, small countries face unique challenges such as difficulty to ensure sample representativeness, variations in prevalence estimates especially for rarer diseases, existence of a substantial proportion of non-residents affiliated to healthcare systems and potential exclusion from some European or international initiatives. Recently established BoD networks may provide a platform for small countries to share experiences, expertise, and engage with countries and institutions that have long-standing experience with BoD assessment. Conclusion Apart from mortality registries, adequate health data sources, notably for cancer, are potentially available at the small states to perform national BoD studies. Investing in sharing expert knowledge through engagement of researchers in BoD networks can enable the conduct of country specific BoD studies and the establishment of more accurate DALYs estimates. Such estimates can enable local policymakers to reflect on the relative burden of the different conditions that are contributing to morbidity and mortality at a country level.

scholarly journals Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to the direct health impact of COVID-19 in India, 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balbir Bagicha Singh ◽  
Brecht Devleesschauwer ◽  
Mehar S Khatkar ◽  
Mark Lowerison ◽  
Baljit Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Large Population ◽  
National Level ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Unique Challenge ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Wide Range

COVID-19 has affected all countries. Its containment represents a unique challenge for India due to a large population (>1.38 billion) across a wide range of population densities. Assessment of the COVID-19 disease burden is required to put the disease impact into context and support future pandemic policy development. Here, we present the national-level burden of COVID-19 in India in 2020 that accounts for differences across urban and rural regions and across age groups. Disability-adjusted life years (DALY) due to COVID-19 were estimated in the Indian population in 2020, comprised of years of life lost (YLL) and years lived with disability (YLD). Scenario analyses were conducted to account for excess deaths not recorded in the official data and for reported COVID-19 deaths. The direct impact of COVID-19 in 2020 in India was responsible for 14,106,060 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 14,030,129-14,213,231) DALYs, consisting of 99.2% (95% UI 98.47-99.64%) YLLs and 0.80% (95% UI 0.36-1.53) YLDs. DALYs were higher in urban (56%; 95% UI 56-57%) than rural areas (44%; 95% UI 43.4-43.6) and in males (64%) than females (36%). In absolute terms, the highest DALYs occurred in the 51-60-year-old age group (28%) but the highest DALYs per 100,000 persons were estimated for the 71-80 year old age group (5,481; 95% UI 5,464-5,500 years). There were 4,823,791 (95% UI 4,760,908-4,924,307) DALYs after considering reported COVID-19 deaths only. The DALY estimations have direct and immediate implications not only for public policy in India, but also internationally given that India represents one sixth of the global population.

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