scholarly journals Chlorpyrifos degradation by combined solar photo-Fenton and bacterial metabolism and simultaneous toxicity analysis in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanmaya Nayak ◽  
Arpan Ghosh ◽  
Sourav Das ◽  
Tapan Kumar Adhya ◽  
Paritosh Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Degradation Efficiency ◽  
Bacterial Degradation ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition ◽  
Environmental Toxicants ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Toxicity Analysis ◽  
Control Adult ◽  
Biological Methods

Chlorpyrifos (CP) is a widely used insecticide that has been used extensively, contributing towards a negative impact on public health concerns and associated ecosystems. Bioremediation is one of the key biological methods used for reducing these environmental toxicants. The present study examined the effectiveness of a combined process including solar photo-Fenton process followed by bacterial degradation using Ochrobactrum sp. CPD-03 for effective CP degradation in wastewater. Results showed that solar photo-Fenton treatment had CP degradation efficiency of ~42% in 4 h with a final degradation efficiency of ~92% in 96 h upon combined bacterial degradation. Simultaneous survivability of zebrafish (Danio rerio) was also studied during CP degradation. Compared to control, adult zebrafishes showed increased survivability following the addition of CPD-03 in water resulting a reduced CP concentration. CP toxicity in wastewater had caused acetylcholinesterase inhibition in zebrafish; however, this inhibition is due to absence of CP degrading bacteria. Therefore, a combined approach would influence for regulating CP degradation in wastewater along with simultaneous survival of Danio rerio.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of a Bacterial Strain Enterobacter cloacae (Accession No. KX438060.1) Capable of Degrading DDTs Under Aerobic Conditions and Its Use in Bioremediation of Contaminated Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117863612110242
Author(s):  
Sonal Suman ◽  
Tanuja
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Bacterial Degradation ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
16S Rna ◽  
Degrading Bacteria

DDT is one of the most persistent pesticides among all the different types of organo-chlorine pesticides used. Among all the degradation methods, bacterial degradation of DDT is most effective. The present study was conducted to isolate different bacteria present in waste samples which have the ability to degrade DDT present in the soil in the minimum possible period of time and to observe the effect of different physical and chemical properties of the soil samples. Many pesticide degrading bacteria were isolated and identified through cultural, biochemical tests and further identified by 16S RNA sequencing method. The most potent strain DDT 1 growth in mineral salt medium supplemented with DDT as the only source of carbon (5-100 PPM) and was monitored at an optical density of 600 nm. The growth parameters at different physio-chemical conditions were further optimized. The result showed that Enterobacter cloacae had maximum growth in 15 days. FTIR analysis of the residual DDT after 15 days incubation showed that Enterobacter cloacae was able to degrade pesticide into its further metabolites of DDD, DDE, DDNU and other components can be used for biodegradation of DDT present in contaminated soil and water ecosystems.

The toxicity analysis of PVP, PVA and PEG surface functionalized ZnO nanoparticles on embryonic as well as adult Danio rerio

2021 ◽  
Vol 193 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhil Kizhakkumpat ◽  
Asad Syed ◽  
Abdallah M. Elgorban ◽  
Ali H. Bahkali ◽  
S. Sudheer Khan
Keyword(s):  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Toxicity Analysis

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Low-Density Polyethene (LDPE) Degrading Bacteria and Fungi from Dandora Dumpsite, Nairobi, Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christabel Ndahebwa Muhonja ◽  
Gabriel Magoma ◽  
Mabel Imbuga ◽  
Huxley Mae Makonde
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Aspergillus Oryzae ◽  
Bacterial Degradation ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Optimum Growth ◽  
Alkane Hydroxylase ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

This study aimed at molecular and biochemical characterization of low-density polyethene (LDPE) degrading fungi and bacteria from Dandora dumpsite, Nairobi. Twenty bacterial and 10 fungal isolates were identified using 16S rDNA and 18S rDNA sequences for bacteria and fungi, respectively. The highest fungal degradation was attributed to Aspergillus oryzae strain A5,1 while the highest bacterial degradation was attributed to Bacillus cereus strain A5,a and Brevibacillus borstelensis strain B2,2, respectively. Isolates were screened for their ability to produce extracellular laccase and esterase; Aspergillus fumigatus strain B2,2 exhibited the highest presence of laccase (15.67 mm) while Aspergillus oryzae strain A5,1 exhibited the highest presence of esterase (14.33 mm). Alkane hydroxylase-encoding genes were screened for using primer AlkB 1 which amplified the fragment of size 870 bp. Four bacterial samples were positive for the gene. Optimum growth temperature of the fungal isolates was 30°C. The possession of laccase, esterase, and alkane hydroxylase activities is suggested as key molecular basis for LDPE degrading capacity. Knowledge of optimum growth conditions will serve to better utilize microbes in the bioremediation of LDPE. The application of Aspergillus oryzae strain A5,1 and Bacillus cereus strain A5,a in polyethene degradation is a promising option in this kind of bioremediation as they exhibited significantly high levels of biodegradation. Further investigation of more alkane degrading genes in biodegrading microbes will inform the choice of the right microbial consortia for bioaugmentation strategies.

Relationship of wood cell wall ultrastructure to bacterial degradation of wood

IAWA Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 845-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adya P. Singh ◽  
Yoon Soo Kim ◽  
Ramesh R. Chavan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Wood Cell Wall ◽  
Bacterial Degradation ◽  
Cell Wall Components ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Wall Ultrastructure ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Wall Components

ABSTRACT This review presents information on the relationship of ultrastructure and composition of wood cell walls, in order to understand how wood degrading bacteria utilise cell wall components for their nutrition. A brief outline of the structure and composition of plant cell walls and the degradation patterns associated with bacterial degradation of wood cell walls precedes the description of the relationship of cell wall micro- and ultrastructure to bacterial degradation of the cell wall. The main topics covered are cell wall structure and composition, patterns of cell wall degradation by erosion and tunnelling bacteria, and the relationship of cell wall ultrastructure and composition to wood degradation by erosion and tunnelling bacteria. Finally, pertinent information from select recent studies employing molecular approaches to identify bacteria which can degrade lignin and other wood cell wall components is presented, and prospects for future investigations on wood degrading bacteria are explored.

scholarly journals Study on the Isolation of Two Atrazine-Degrading Bacteria and the Development of a Microbial Agent

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangwei Zhu ◽  
Li Fu ◽  
Caihua Jin ◽  
Zili Meng ◽  
Ning Yang
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Bacillus Megaterium ◽  
Degradation Efficiency ◽  
High Tolerance ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Agent

Two bacteria capable of efficiently degrading atrazine were isolated from soil, and named ATLJ-5 and ATLJ-11. ATLJ-5 and ATLJ-11 were identified as Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus megaterium, respectively. The degradation efficiency of atrazine (50 mg/L) by strain ATLJ-5 can reach about 98.6% after 7 days, and strain ATLJ-11 can reach 99.6% under the same conditions. The degradation of atrazine is faster when two strains are used in combination. Adding the proper amount of fresh soil during the degradation of atrazine by these two strains can also increase the degradation efficiency. The strains ATLJ-5 and ATLJ-11 have high tolerance to atrazine, and can tolerate at least 1000 mg/L of atrazine. In addition, the strains ATLJ-5 and ATLJ-11 have been successfully made into a microbial agent that can be used to treat atrazine residues in soil. The degradation efficiency of atrazine (50 mg/kg) could reach 99.0% by this microbial agent after 7 days. These results suggest that the strains ATLJ-5 and ATLJ-11 can be used for the treatment of atrazine pollution.

Isolation and Genetic Identification of Dibenzothiophene Degrading Bacteria from Contaminated Soil

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 292-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Li ◽  
Chao Cheng Zhao ◽  
Qi You Liu ◽  
Yun Bo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Bacterial Strain ◽  
Degradation Efficiency ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Bacterial Consortia ◽  
Degrading Bacteria

The biodegradation abilities of 10 dibenzothiophene degrading microbial consortia isolated from contaminated soil were investigated. 5 highly efficient dibenzothiophene degrading bacterial strains were obtained from the consortium LKY10 by screening on LB-agar plates.The bacterial strain LKY10-5 reduced more than 90% of dibenzothiophene with 40 mg•L-1concentration, and had higher degradation efficiency than enriched bacterial consortia in 7 days of cultivation. According to species identification and phylogenetic analysis, strain LKY10-1 and LKY10-3 belonged to Actinobacteria and could be included in Rhodococcus and Cellulosimicrobium genus, LKY10-5 and LKY10-6 belonged to Proteobacteria and could be included in Pseudomonas and Devosia genus, and LKY10-13 could be included in Lysinibacillus genus and belonged to Firmicutes.

Bacterial Degradation of Chlorpyrifos by Bacillus cereus

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 676-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Yuan Liu ◽  
Xin Chen ◽  
Yi Shi ◽  
Zhen Cheng Su
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Degradation Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Bacterial Degradation ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Degrading Bacterium ◽  
Ph Concentration

Eleven chlorpyrifos-degrading bacterium were isolated from a Chinese soil and compared by microbiological and molecular methods. The strains were significantly different in the ability of degradation efficiency, and one strain (Bacillus cereus) was selected for further analysis. The ability of Bacillus cereus to degrade chlorpyrifos was investigated under different culture conditions, such as pH, temperature, chlorpyrifos concentration and so on. Experimental results obtained in different conditions show that the optimum temperature, pH, concentration of chlorpyrifos were 30°C, 7.0, less than 100 mg L-1, respectively.

scholarly journals Degradation of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT): Involvement of Protocatechuate 3,4-Dioxygenase (P34O) in Buttiauxella sp. S19-1

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Miao Xu ◽  
Dong Liu ◽  
Ping Sun ◽  
Yunuo Li ◽  
Ming Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mutant Strain ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Degradation Efficiency ◽  
Bacterial Degradation ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Intermediate Metabolite

Extensive use and disposal of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), a primary constituent of explosives, pollutes the environment and causes severe damage to human health. Complete mineralization of TNT via bacterial degradation has recently gained research interest as an effective method for the restoration of contaminated sites. Here, screening for TNT degradation by six selected bacteria revealed that Buttiauxella sp. S19-1, possesses the strongest degrading ability. Moreover, BuP34O (a gene encoding for protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase—P34O, a key enzyme in the β-ketoadipate pathway) was upregulated during TNT degradation. A knockout of BuP34O in S19-1 to generate S-M1 mutant strain caused a marked reduction in TNT degradation efficiency compared to S19-1. Additionally, the EM1 mutant strain (Escherichia coli DH5α transfected with BuP34O) showed higher degradation efficiency than DH5α. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of TNT degradation by S19-1 revealed 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotolune (ADNT) as the intermediate metabolite of TNT. Furthermore, the recombinant protein P34O (rP34O) expressed the activity of 2.46 µmol/min·mg. Our findings present the first report on the involvement of P34O in bacterial degradation of TNT and its metabolites, suggesting that P34O could catalyze downstream reactions in the TNT degradation pathway. In addition, the TNT-degrading ability of S19-1, a Gram-negative marine-derived bacterium, presents enormous potential for restoration of TNT-contaminated seas.

scholarly journals Identification and characterisation of oil sludge degrading bacteria isolated from compost

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onyedikachi Ubani ◽  
Harrison Ifeanyichukwu Atagana ◽  
Mapitsi Silvester Thantsha ◽  
Adeleke Rasheed
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Oil Sludge ◽  
Bacterial Degradation ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

AbstractCompounds present in oil sludge such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are known to be cytotoxic, mutagenic and potentially carcinogenic. Microorganisms including bacteria and fungi have been reported to degrade oil sludge components to innocuous compounds such as carbon dioxide, water and salts. In the present study, we isolated different bacteria with PAH-degrading capabilities from compost prepared from oil sludge and animal manures. These bacteria were isolated on a mineral base medium and mineral salt agar plates. A total of 31 morphologically distinct isolates were carefully selected from 5 different compost treatments for identification using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the 16S rRNA gene with specific primers (universal forward 16S-P1 PCR and reverse 16S-P2 PCR). The amplicons were sequenced and sequences were compared with the known nucleotides from the GenBank. The phylogenetic analyses of the isolates showed that they belong to 3 different clades; Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. These bacteria identified were closely related to the generaBacillus, Arthrobacter, Staphylococcus, Brevibacterium, Variovorax, Paenibacillus, Ralstonia and Geobacillus.The results showed thatBacillus species were predominant in all composts. Based on the results of the degradation of the PAHs in the composts and results of previous studies on bacterial degradation of hydrocarbons in oil, the characteristics of these bacterial isolates suggests that they may be responsible for the breakdown of PAHs of different molecular weights in the composts. Thus, they may be potentially useful for bioremediation of oil sludge during compost bioremediation.

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