scholarly journals The impact of tumor receptor heterogeneity on the response to anti-angiogenic cancer treatment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ding Li ◽  
Stacey D. Finley
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Angiogenic Factor ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Detailed Model ◽  
Angiogenic Therapy ◽  
Multiple Promoters ◽  
The Impact

AbstractMultiple promoters and inhibitors mediate angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, and these factors represent potential targets for impeding vessel growth in tumors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent angiogenic factor targeted in anti-angiogenic cancer therapies. In addition, thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) is a major endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis, and TSP1 mimetics are being developed as an alternative type of anti-angiogenic agent. The combination of bevacizumab, an anti-VEGF agent, and ABT-510, a TSP1 mimetic, has been tested in clinical trials to treat advanced solid tumors. However, the patients’ responses are highly variable and show disappointing outcomes. To obtain mechanistic insight into the effects of this combination anti-angiogenic therapy, we have constructed a novel whole-body systems biology model including the VEGF and TSP1 reaction networks. Using this molecular-detailed model, we investigated how the combination anti-angiogenic therapy changes the amounts of pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic complexes in cancer patients. We particularly focus on answering the question of how the effect of the combination therapy is influenced by tumor receptor expression, one aspect of patient-to-patient variability. Overall, this model complements the clinical administration of combination anti-angiogenic therapy, highlights the role of tumor receptor variability in the heterogeneous responses to anti-angiogenic therapy, and identifies the tumor receptor profiles that correlate with a high likelihood of a positive response to the combination therapy. Our model provides novel understanding of the VEGF-TSP1 balance in cancer patients at the systems-level and could be further used to optimize combination anti-angiogenic therapy.

Effect of Total Parenteral Nutrition on the Protein Kinetics of Patients with Cancer Cachexia

2000 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 408-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Bozzetti ◽  
Cecilia Gavazzi ◽  
Paola Ferrari ◽  
Federica Dworzak
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Protein Kinetics ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Mass Depletion ◽  
Muscle Compartment ◽  
The Impact

Aims and background The question of whether TPN is able to reverse lean body mass depletion in cachectic cancer patients and, in particular, its effect on protein kinetics is a matter of some controversy. This study investigates the impact of TPN on protein kinetics in patients with gastric cancer. Methods The study involved three patients with 14–30% weight loss. They were administered a TPN regimen including 33–40 kcal/kg/day and 1.4–1.7 g amino acid/kg/day. The protein metabolism was studied before and during TPN using a stable amino acid isotope. Results Whole body protein turnover and breakdown did not change during TPN, whereas whole body protein synthesis increased from 3.39 ± 1.04 to 6.05 ± 0.48 g/kg/day (P = 0.03). However, the net balance, which was slightly negative prior to TPN, became positive during nutritional support. In the skeletal muscle compartment the synthesis improved with TPN (from 9.38 ± 2.6 nmol/100 mL/min to 35.95 ± 3.4 nmol/100 mL/min; P = 0.0143), whereas breakdown did not change significantly. Conclusions TPN triggers a positive metabolic response in cachectic cancer patients. Whether this results in a clinical benefit for the patient requires further investigation.

scholarly journals Selection of Treatment Regimens for Recurrent Cervical Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaopei Chao ◽  
Xiaochen Song ◽  
Huanwen Wu ◽  
Yan You ◽  
Ming Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Multivariate Model ◽  
Pelvic Cavity ◽  
Recurrent Cervical Cancer ◽  
Therapy Regimen ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

ObjectiveThe selection of individualized treatment for recurrent cervical cancer is challenging. This study aimed to investigate the impact of various therapies on survival outcomes after recurrence.MethodsEligible patients were diagnosed with recurrent cervical cancer between March 2012 and April 2018. Postrecurrence progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were investigated in the whole cohort and in subgroups, categorized by recurrence site and prior radiotherapy history, using a multivariate model that incorporated treatment for primary and recurrent tumors, histological pathology, and FIGO staging.ResultsTwo hundred and sixty recurrent cervical cancer patients were included. As of March 1, 2020, the median postrecurrence PFS and OS were 7.0 (range 0-94) and 24.0 (1.8-149.1) months, respectively. In a multivariate model measured by PFS, radiotherapy was superior to other therapies for the whole cohort (p=0.029) and recurrence only within the pelvic cavity (p=0.005), but the advantages of radiotherapy disappeared in patients with a history of radiotherapy (p values >0.05). For recurrence only beyond the pelvic cavity, combination therapy resulted in improved PFS (p=0.028). For recurrence both within and beyond the pelvic cavity, no therapy regimen provided additional PFS benefits (p values >0.05). Radiotherapy and combination therapy were also associated with improved postrecurrence OS for recurrence within the pelvic cavity (p=0.034) and only beyond the pelvic cavity (p=0.017), respectively.ConclusionsIn cervical cancer patients, postrecurrence radiotherapy can improve PFS and OS for patients with recurrence within the pelvic cavity and without prior radiotherapy. For recurrence beyond the pelvic cavity or cases with a history of radiotherapy, combination or individualized therapy may provide potential survival benefits.

Changes in body composition in women with breast cancer on aromatase inhibitors: A two-year trial

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 9528-9528
Author(s):  
G. J. Van Londen ◽  
S. Perera ◽  
K. Vujevich ◽  
P. Rastogi ◽  
B. Lembersky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Aromatase Inhibitors ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Gonadal Hormone ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
The Impact

9528 Background: Aromatase inhibitors (AIs), the preferred adjuvant therapy of postmenopausal breast cancer patients, induce severe hypo-estrogenemia which differentiates them from the Estrogen-Receptor-Agonists-Antagonists (ERAAs). Little is known about the effect of AIs on body composition. We sought to examine the impact of AIs on body composition, and whether any changes correlate with gonadal hormone levels. Methods: We analyzed a two year double-blind trial (Risedronate's Effect on Bone loss in Breast CAncer, REBBeCA). 81 chemotherapy-induced newly postmenopausal nonmetastatic breast cancer patients had been randomized to risedronate 35 mg once weekly or placebo and followed, some of whom were on or started AI during the trial. Measures included body composition by whole body DXA-scan and serum sex hormone levels. Combining the two treatment arms, we estimated and compared body composition changes in those on (AI) and not on AIs (no-AI) using a linear mixed model, and examined correlations with serum hormone levels. Results: By 24 months, 41 women were on an AI. Over 2 years, lean mass increased by 1159g (p=0.0003) in women on an AI and did not change (85g; p=0.7684) in the no-AI group (adjusted difference, AD=1047g; p=0.0004). Percent fat did not change (0.0; p=0.9344) in those on an AI and increased (1.2; p=0.0097) in the no-AI group (AD=1.6; p=0.0433). The change in estradiol was associated with changes in lean mass (correlation r=0.42, p=0.0020) and percent fat (r=-0.48, p=0.0003). Conclusions: The use of AIs is associated with a decrease in fat mass and an increase in lean mass. The changes in estradiol are associated with alterations in body composition. The mechanisms and implications of these changes need to be studied further. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Following ‘Fosfo’

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcio Vilar
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Chemical Substance ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Brazilian Society ◽  
Scientific Innovation ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The chemical substance synthetic phosphoethanolamine (fosfoetanolamina sintética) was developed at the University of São Paulo (USP) in Brazil at the beginning of the 1990s and, until 2014, was tested on and distributed to cancer patients by members of USP’s Chemistry Institute (IQSC) in the city of São Carlos. That year, the production and distribution of ‘Fosfo’, as it became popularly known, was forbidden by IQSC’s director with the support of USP’s rector and the Brazilian National Sanitary Surveillance Agency (ANVISA). Shortly after this first prohibition, however, Fosfo gained popularity and became a national symbol of local scientific innovation and hope for a cancer cure. Likewise, it became an object of regulatory disputes involving multiple sectors of Brazilian society. Despite several further efforts by some scientists and patients to legitimate Fosfo as a pharmaceutical, ANVISA never authorized it. Nevertheless, at the same time as parts of Brazil’s established medical communities were becoming suspicious of Fosfo, its informal production and dissemination were increasing surreptitiously, with many Fosfo users and stakeholders questioning the legitimacy of conventional cancer therapies. In this article, I aim to understand the impact of Fosfo as a biotechnological innovation in terms of the ‘transfiguration’ of the physical and juridical persons involved in this controversy. Through the lens of transfiguration, the engagement and therapeutic-regulatory experiences of Fosfo users and stakeholders appear as deviant journeys that introduce discontinuities into established biomedicine and imply radical transformations at multiple levels, ranging from individuals to larger institutional environments.

scholarly journals Ovarian Endometrioid Carcinoma and Clear Cell Carcinoma: A 21-year Retrospective Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Zhou ◽  
Liqing Yao ◽  
Lin Dai ◽  
Honglan Zhu ◽  
Xue Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Clear Cell ◽  
Clear Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Clinicopathological Characteristics ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Endometrioid Carcinoma ◽  
The Impact

Abstract ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify the clinical characteristics of Chinese patients with ovarian endometrioid carcinoma (EC) and clear cell carcinoma (CCC) and to assess the impact of concurrent endometriosis on this group.MethodsThe present study reviewed the medical records of patients who received initial treatment and a postoperative pathological diagnosis of EC or CCC at our center in China between 1998 and 2018. ResultsOf 211 patients, 73 had pure EC, and 91 had pure CCC, and the remaining 47 had mixed cancer. The proportion of EC and CCC remained stable over past 21 years. The proportion of EC declined with aging and the age of EC onset to incline to the young. And the age of CCC onset had two peaks, namely, 36 and 77 years. After review by the pathologist, the number of endometriosis cases found in the pathological section of the analysis increased to 114, accounting for 54% of patients. As the stage progressed, the appearance of endometriosis became increasingly scarce in pathological sections(p=0.001). Compared with CCC, EC had a higher frequency of concurrent endometrial cancer (independent endometrial lesions) and estrogen and progesterone receptor expression(p=0.000). And more patients were in premenopausal state in EC group(p=0.040). In the pure group, multivariate analysis showed that correlation existed between relevance to endometriosis and worse outcomes(p=0.041). In patients with mixed cancer, mixed endometrioid histology was associated with better survival than other subtypes, even with stage III or poorly differentiated tumors(p=0.001). ConclusionsCCC and EC which are common in ovarian cancer patients who have associated with endometriosis have distinct clinicopathological characteristics. Attention should be paid to ovarian cancer patients with a history of endometriosis and those with concurrent endometriosis in pathological sections.

scholarly journals Ovarian endometrioid carcinoma and clear cell carcinoma: A 21-year retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Zhou ◽  
Liqing Yao ◽  
Lin Dai ◽  
Honglan Zhu ◽  
Xue Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Clear Cell ◽  
Clear Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Clinicopathological Characteristics ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Endometrioid Carcinoma ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective This study aimed to identify the clinical characteristics of Chinese patients with ovarian endometrioid carcinoma (EC) and clear cell carcinoma (CCC) and to assess the impact of concurrent endometriosis on this group. Methods The present study reviewed the medical records of patients who received initial treatment and a postoperative pathological diagnosis of EC or CCC at our center in China between 1998 and 2018. Results Of 211 patients, 73 had pure EC, and 91 had pure CCC, and the remaining 47 had mixed cancer. The proportion of EC and CCC remained stable over past 21 years. The proportion of EC declined with aging and the age of EC onset to incline to the young. And the age of CCC onset had two peaks, namely, 36 and 77 years. After review by the pathologist, the number of endometriosis cases found in the pathological section of the analysis increased to 114, accounting for 54% of patients. As the stage progressed, the appearance of endometriosis became increasingly scarce in pathological sections(p = 0.001). Compared with CCC, EC had a higher frequency of concurrent endometrial cancer (independent endometrial lesions) and estrogen and progesterone receptor expression(p = 0.000). And more patients were in premenopausal state in EC group(p = 0.040). In the pure group, multivariate analysis showed that correlation existed between relevance to endometriosis and worse outcomes(p = 0.041). In patients with mixed cancer, mixed endometrioid histology was associated with better survival than other subtypes, even with stage III or poorly differentiated tumors(p = 0.001). Conclusions CCC and EC which are common in ovarian cancer patients who have associated with endometriosis have distinct clinicopathological characteristics. Attention should be paid to ovarian cancer patients with a history of endometriosis and those with concurrent endometriosis in pathological sections.

scholarly journals Subclinical cardiac damage in cancer patients before chemotherapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iacopo Fabiani ◽  
Giorgia Panichella ◽  
Alberto Aimo ◽  
Chrysanthos Grigoratos ◽  
Giuseppe Vergaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cardiac Biomarkers ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Cardiac Damage ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

AbstractCancer and cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure (HF), are the main causes of death in Western countries. Several anticancer drugs and radiotherapy have adverse effects on the cardiovascular system, promoting left ventricular dysfunction and ultimately HF. Nonetheless, the relationship between cancer and HF is likely not unidirectional. Indeed, cancer and HF share common risk factors, and both have a bidirectional relationship with systemic inflammation, metabolic disturbances, and neurohormonal and immune activation. Few studies have assessed the impact of untreated cancer on the heart. The presence of an active cancer has been associated with elevated cardiac biomarkers, an initial impairment of left ventricular structure and function, autonomic dysfunction, and reduced exercise tolerance. In turn, these conditions might increase the risk of cardiac damage from chemotherapy and radiotherapy. HF drugs such as beta-blockers or inhibitors of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system might exert a protective effect on the heart even before the start of cancer therapies. In this review, we recapitulate the evidence of cardiac involvement in cancer patients naïve from chemotherapy and radiotherapy and no history of cardiac disease. We also focus on the perspectives for an early diagnosis and treatment to prevent the progression to cardiac dysfunction and clinical HF, and the potential benefits of cardioactive drugs on cancer progression.

scholarly journals The effect of progressive muscle relaxation interventions on depression, stress, anxiety, and quality of life for cancer patients: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Sholihin Yusuf ◽  
Tria Anisa Firmanti ◽  
Muhammad Nashir ◽  
Roudlotun Nurul Laili
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Progressive Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
The Impact

Patients with cancer experience emotional distress which characterized by psychological symptoms such as anxiety or depression, psychological symptoms that arise and complex cancer processes have negative impact on their quality of life. Many cancer patients use a wide variety of techniques to improve their psychological symptoms and quality of life including relaxation therapy and specifically, Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR). The systematic review purpose was to review the evidence regarding the use of PMR intervention for cancer patients. Thirty four published studies and nine identified original article as potentially relevant , undertaken in the past six years until now (2013 to 2019) with data bases in Scopus, Proquest, Google Scholar, Oxford, and Science direct Searches. The information flow chart from record identification to study inclusion was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA and extracted data with PICOT. The impact of progressive muscle relaxation interventions remained in effect for between seven days and six month after the interventions.. Progressive muscle relaxation intervention is the technique including continous and systematic stretching and relaxing of the muscles until the whole body becomes relaxed. It has effects in improving depression, stress, anxiety and quality of life via physical relaxation.

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