scholarly journals Performance of serological antibody tests for bovine tuberculosis in cattle from infected herds in Northern Ireland

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. McCallan ◽  
C. Brooks ◽  
C. Couzens ◽  
F. Young ◽  
A.W. Byrne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Serological Tests

AbstractThe ability to accurately identify infected hosts is the cornerstone of effective disease control and eradication programs. In the case of bovine tuberculosis, caused by infection with the pathogenMycobacterium bovis, accurately identifying infected individual animals has been challenging as all available tests exhibit less than 100% discriminatory ability. Here we assess the utility of three serological tests and assess their performance relative to skin test (Single Intradermal Comparative Cervical Tuberculin; SICCT), gamma-interferon (IFNγ) and post-mortem results in a Northern Ireland setting. Furthermore, we describe a case-study where one test was used in conjunction with statutory testing.Serological tests using samples taken prior to SICCT disclosed low proportions of animals as test positive (mean 3% positive), despite the cohort having high proportions with positive SICCT test under standard interpretation (121/921; 13%) or IFNγ (365/922; 40%) results. Furthermore, for animals with a post-mortem record (n=286), there was a high proportion with TB visible lesions (27%) or with laboratory confirmed infection (25%). As a result, apparent sensitivities within this cohort was very low (≤15%), however the tests succeeded in achieving very high specificities (96-100%). During the case-study, 7/670 (1.04%) samples from SICCT negative animals from a large chronically infected herd were serology positive, with a further 10 animals being borderline positive (17/670; 2.54%). 9/17 of these animals were voluntarily removed, none of which were found to be infected (-lesions/-bacteriology) post-mortem; 1 serology test negative animal was subsequently lesion+ andM bovisconfirmed at slaughter.ImportanceEradication of bovine tuberculosis (bTB; caused byMycobacterium bovis) has remained elusive in a number of countries despite long-term coordinated test and cull programs. This can partially be explained by the limitations of available statutory tests; therefore supplementary test platforms that identify additional infected animals would be of significant utility. Overall, during our study three serological tests did not disclose a high proportion of animals as infected in high-risk cattle herds, and exhibited limited ability to disclose animals that were positive to the statutory skin test, the gamma interferon test (IFNγ), or were post-mortem confirmed withM. bovis. These serological tests could be used in a supplementary fashion to the statutory tests in particular circumstances; but may be of limited advantage where parallel use of IFNγ and skin testing is performed, as these tests together tended to disclose the majority of animals with post-mortem evidence of infection in our study cohort.

scholarly journals Serological test performance for bovine tuberculosis in cattle from herds with evidence of on-going infection in Northern Ireland

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0245655
Author(s):  
Lyanne McCallan ◽  
Cathy Brooks ◽  
Claire Barry ◽  
Catherine Couzens ◽  
Fiona J. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Infected Individual ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Discriminatory Ability ◽  
Serology Test

The ability to accurately identify infected hosts is the cornerstone of effective disease control and eradication programs. In the case of bovine tuberculosis, accurately identifying infected individual animals has been challenging as all available tests exhibit limited discriminatory ability. Here we assess the utility of two serological tests (IDEXX Mycobacterium bovis Ab test and Enfer multiplex antibody assay) and assess their performance relative to skin test (Single Intradermal Comparative Cervical Tuberculin; SICCT), gamma-interferon (IFNγ) and post-mortem results in a Northern Ireland setting. Furthermore, we describe a case-study where one test was used in conjunction with statutory testing. Serological tests using samples taken prior to SICCT disclosed low proportions of animals as test positive (mean 3% positive), despite the cohort having high proportions with positive SICCT test under standard interpretation (121/921; 13%) or IFNγ (365/922; 40%) results. Furthermore, for animals with a post-mortem record (n = 286), there was a high proportion with TB visible lesions (27%) or with laboratory confirmed infection (25%). As a result, apparent sensitivities within this cohort was very low (≤15%), however the tests succeeded in achieving very high specificities (96–100%). During the case-study, 7/670 (1.04%) samples from SICCT negative animals from a large chronically infected herd were serology positive, with a further 17 animals being borderline positive (17/670; 2.54%). Nine of the borderline animals were voluntarily removed, none of which were found to be infected post-mortem (no lesions/bacteriology negative). One serology test negative animal was subsequently found to have lesions at slaughter with M. bovis confirmed in the laboratory.

scholarly journals Immune Responses to Defined Antigens of Mycobacterium bovis in Cattle Experimentally Infected with Mycobacterium kansasii

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 611-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Waters ◽  
M. V. Palmer ◽  
T. C. Thacker ◽  
J. B. Payeur ◽  
N. B. Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Antibodies ◽  
Specific Serum ◽  
Specific Proteins

ABSTRACT Cross-reactive responses elicited by exposure to nontuberculous mycobacteria often confound the interpretation of antemortem tests for Mycobacterium bovis infection of cattle. The use of specific proteins (e.g., ESAT-6, CFP-10, and MPB83), however, generally enhances the specificity of bovine tuberculosis tests. While genes for these proteins are absent from many nontuberculous mycobacteria, they are present in M. kansasii. Instillation of M. kansasii into the tonsillar crypts of calves elicited delayed-type hypersensitivity and in vitro gamma interferon and nitrite concentration responses of leukocytes to M. avium and M. bovis purified protein derivatives (PPDs). While the responses of M. kansasii-inoculated calves to M. avium and M. bovis PPDs were approximately equivalent, the responses of M. bovis-inoculated calves to M. bovis PPD exceeded their respective responses to M. avium PPD. The gamma interferon and nitrite responses of M. kansasii-inoculated calves to recombinant ESAT-6-CFP-10 (rESAT-6-CFP-10) exceeded corresponding responses of noninoculated calves as early as 15 and 30 days after inoculation, respectively, and persisted throughout the study. The gamma interferon and nitrite responses of M. bovis-inoculated calves to rESAT-6-CFP-10 exceeded the corresponding responses of M. kansasii-inoculated calves beginning 30 days after inoculation. By using a lipoarabinomannan-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, specific serum antibodies were detected as early as 50 days after challenge with M. kansasii. By a multiantigen print immunoassay and immunoblotting, serum antibodies to MPB83, but not ESAT-6 or CFP-10, were detected in M. kansasii-inoculated calves; however, responses to MPB83 were notably weaker than those elicited by M. bovis infection. These findings indicate that M. kansasii infection of calves elicits specific responses that may confound the interpretation of bovine tuberculosis tests.

scholarly journals Improvement of bovine tuberculosis diagnosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 261-265
Author(s):  
M. O. Baratov
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Intradermal Test ◽  
Mycobacterium Fortuitum ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Post Mortem Examination ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Specific Reactions

Detection of animals with non-specific reactions to tuberculin is one of the major problems in bovine tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis. There is a need to find and improve methods for detection of the sensitization causes. This paper presents the results of comparative studies of different ways to stabilize red blood cells in order to obtain diagnosticums for indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test. The article describes the stages of red blood cells stabilization and sensitization and demonstrates the diagnostic significance of Fili stabilization method using formaldehyde as a fixative. The highest antibody titers (1:3000 and 1:4000) were received in hyperimmune sera of rabbits immunized with Mycobacterium bovis using a homologous diagnosticum. Practical importance of the sensitins homologous to the infection is shown during testing of 1,911 serum samples collected from animals of different categories (diseased; healthy and reacting to tuberculin; healthy and not reacting to tuberculin) with IHA test using diagnosticums produced from Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium fortuitum. Based on the positive results of the IHA test, TB was diagnosed in 87.5% of animals originating from an infected farm during post-mortem examination. The results of the IHA test agreed with those of the intradermal tuberculin test in 37.7% of cases. Diagnostic antibody titers were found in 206 TB infected animals with no reaction to the intradermal test. However, the post-mortem examination revealed TB changes in internal organs. The obtained data suggest a possibility to use the IHA test to detect TB infected animals with non-specific reactions to tuberculin.

scholarly journals Development of a Human Gamma Interferon Enzyme Immunoassay and Comparison with Tuberculin Skin Testing for Detection ofMycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuket Desem ◽  
Stephen L. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Testing ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Detection Range ◽  
Ifn Γ

ABSTRACT A sensitive two-step simultaneous enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for human gamma interferon (IFN-γ) has been developed and used as an in vitro test for human tuberculosis (TB) in comparison with tuberculin skin testing. The EIA was shown to be highly sensitive, detecting less than 0.5 IU of recombinant human IFN-γ per ml within a linear detection range of 0.5 to 150 IU/ml. The assay was highly reproducible and specific for native IFN-γ. In addition, the assay detected chimpanzee, orangutan, gibbon, and squirrel monkey IFN-γs. Cross-reactions with other human cytokines or with IFN-γs derived from mice, cattle, or Old World monkeys were not evident. The assay was used to detect TB infection by incubating whole blood overnight with human, avian, and bovine tuberculin purified protein derivatives (PPDs), as well as positive (mitogen)- and negative-control preparations. The levels of IFN-γ in plasma supernatants were then determined. Blood from 10 tuberculin skin test-positive individuals responded predominantly to the human tuberculin PPD antigen and to a lesser extent to bovine and avian PPD antigens. By contrast, blood from 10 skin test-negative individuals showed minimal responses or no response to any of the tuberculin PPDs. Detectable levels of IFN-γ were present in all blood samples stimulated with mitogen. In vivo tuberculin reactivity was correlated with IFN-γ responsiveness in vitro. These results support the further study of the blood culture–IFN-γ EIA system as an alternative to skin testing for the detection of human TB infection.

scholarly journals Bovine tuberculosis in one cattle herd in Ibadan in Nigeria

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 406-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I B Cadmus ◽  
N. N Atsanda ◽  
S. O Oni ◽  
E. E U Akang
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
Cattle Herd ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Cultural Isolation ◽  
Male Animal

Bovine tuberculosis was investigated in one private herd with 171 cattle after five cases were suspected to be tuberculous following post mortem examination. Using the intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin test 18 (10.5%) animals (ages from 2 to 12 years) were positive: 11 animals of N’dama breed and seven animals of White Fulani (i.e. Bunaji) breed; 17 female and one male animal. In all 11 randomly selected positive reactors, a spectrum of tuberculous lesions affecting the lungs, spleen, heart, liver, and the lymph nodes were observed. All the smear samples obtained were positive for acid-fast bacilli; cultural isolation confirmed the growth of mycobacteria on pyruvate-enriched Loewenstein-Jensen medium, which were identified by molecular typing to be Mycobacterium bovis. This study demonstrates widespread infection in this cattle herd and potential risk of infection for the human population with M. bovis.

scholarly journals Bovine tuberculosis at the human-livestock-wildlife interface: Is it a public health problem in Tanzania? A review

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bugwesa Z. Katale ◽  
Erasto V. Mbugi ◽  
Sharon Kendal ◽  
Robert D. Fyumagwa ◽  
Gibson S. Kibiki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Testing ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Potential Health

Despite the apparent public health concern about Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) in Tanzania, little has been done regarding the zoonotic importance of the disease and raising awareness of the community to prevent the disease. Bovine tuberculosis is a potential zoonotic disease that can infect a variety of hosts, including humans. The presence of multiple hosts including wild animals, inefficient diagnostic techniques, absence of defined national controls and eradication programs could impede the control of bovine TB. In Tanzania, the diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis in animals is mostly carried out by tuberculin skin testing, meat inspection in abattoirs and only rarely using bacteriological techniques. The estimated prevalence of BTB in animals in Tanzania varies and ranges across regions from 0.2% to 13.3%, which is likely to be an underestimate if not confirmed by bacteriology or molecular techniques. Mycobacterium bovis has been detected and isolated from different animal species and has been recovered in 10% of apparently healthy wildebeest that did not show lesions at post-mortem. The transmission of the disease from animals to humans can occur directly through the aerosol route and indirectly by consumption of raw milk. This poses an emerging disease threat in the current era of HIV confection in Tanzania and elsewhere. Mycobacterium bovis is one of the causative agents of human extra pulmonary tuberculosis. In Tanzania there was a significant increase (116.6%) of extrapulmonary cases reported between 1995 and 2009, suggesting the possibility of widespread M. bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection due to general rise of Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This paper aims to review the potential health and economic impact of bovine tuberculosis and challenges to its control in order to safeguard human and animal population in Tanzania.

scholarly journals Comparison of Two Commercially Available Gamma Interferon Blood Tests for Immunodiagnosis of Tuberculosis

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Domínguez ◽  
Juan Ruiz-Manzano ◽  
Malú De Souza-Galvão ◽  
Irene Latorre ◽  
Celia Milà ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Test ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Latent Infection ◽  
Positive Tuberculin Skin Test ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
Blood Tests

ABSTRACT We evaluated the T-SPOT.TB and Quantiferon-TB Gold In tube (QFN-G-IT) tests for diagnosing Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. T-SPOT.TB was more sensitive than QFN-G-IT in diagnosing both active and latent infection. Both gamma interferon tests were unaffected by prior Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination. Among children who were not BCG vaccinated but had a positive tuberculin skin test, QFN-G-IT was negative in 53.3% of cases, and T-SPOT.TB was negative in 50% of cases.

scholarly journals Improved Skin Test for Differential Diagnosis of Bovine Tuberculosis by the Addition of Rv3020c-Derived Peptides

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 620-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth J. Jones ◽  
Adam Whelan ◽  
Derek Clifford ◽  
Mick Coad ◽  
H. Martin Vordermeier
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Johne's Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Sensitivity ◽  
Bacillus Calmette Guerin ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Face ◽  
Mycobacterial Antigens

ABSTRACTA peptide cocktail derived from the mycobacterial antigens ESAT-6, CFP-10, and Rv3615c allowed differentiation betweenMycobacterium bovis-infected and M. bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-vaccinated cattle when used as a skin test reagent for a “DIVA” test (i.e., a test capable ofdifferentiatinginfected and uninfectedvaccinatedanimals). Addition of the antigen Rv3020c improves the diagnostic sensitivity without compromising specificity in the face of BCG or Johne's disease vaccination.

Diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis infection in livestock using gamma interferon assay and single intradermal comparative tuberculin test in Assam and Meghalaya

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Acheenta G. Barua ◽  
Himangshu Raj ◽  
Ashok Kumar ◽  
Chandana C. Barua ◽  
Arundhati Purkayastha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Specific Detection ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Pcr Targeting

The present study was carried out to investigate the diagnostic potential of gamma interferon (IFN-ã) assay and single intradermal comparative tuberculin test (SICTT), including species specification of bovine tuberculosis infection in different livestock farms of Assam and Meghalaya. A total of 199 animals (cattle and buffalo) were examined for bovine tuberculosis symptoms and swab samples were cultured. Biochemical tests and PCR were used for species specification of bovine tuberculosis. Out of 199 cases examined, 33 (16.58%) showed positive for SICTT, 39 (19.59%) for IFN-ã and 35(17.59%) for PCR. Based on PCR targeting pncA region, the confirmation was done for M. Bovis. IFN-ã thus ensures a sensitive and specific detection of early bovine tuberculosis infection together with SICTT and hence may be considered as a screening method of choice.

scholarly journals Tuberculin Skin Testing Boosts Interferon Gamma Responses to DIVA Reagents in Mycobacterium bovis-Infected Cattle

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth J. Jones ◽  
Mick Coad ◽  
Bhagwati Khatri ◽  
Javier Bezos ◽  
Natalie A. Parlane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Test ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Interferon Gamma ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Interferon Response ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Testing ◽  
Test Scenario ◽  
Positive Skin ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bcg Vaccination

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination sensitizes cattle to bovine tuberculin, which compromises the use of the current bovine tuberculosis (TB) surveillance tests. Although the performance of a blood test (that utilizes antigens expressed by Mycobacterium bovis but not by BCG) capable of discriminating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA interferon gamma test [DIT]) has been evaluated in naturally infected TB field reactors, there is a need to perform similar analysis in a BCG-vaccinated M. bovis-infected population. Furthermore, we explored different scenarios under which a DIT may be implemented alongside BCG vaccination: (i) serial testing to resolve potential false-positive skin test results or (ii) a standalone test to replace the single intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin (SICCT) skin test. Our results demonstrated significantly better relative test sensitivity when the DIT was evaluated in a serial test scenario. Direct comparison of pre- and post-skin test blood samples revealed that the SICCT test induced significant boosting of the gamma interferon response in M. bovis-infected animals to both the ESAT-6–CFP-10 and Rv3615c peptide cocktails that comprise the DIT, which persisted for the ESAT-6–CFP-10 reagent for at least 14 days. Importantly, no similar boosting effects were observed in noninfected BCG vaccinates, suggesting that DIVA blood testing after a recent skin test would have minimal impact on test specificity.

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