scholarly journals A complete chromosome substitution mapping panel reveals genome-wide epistasis in Arabidopsis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cris L. Wijnen ◽  
Ramon Botet ◽  
José van de Belt ◽  
Laurens Deurhof ◽  
Hans de Jong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
High Power ◽  
Chromosome Substitution ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Epistatic Interactions ◽  
Single Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Substitution Lines ◽  
Mapping Panel ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
The Impact

AbstractChromosome substitution lines (CSLs) are tentatively supreme resources to investigate non-allelic genetic interactions. However, the difficulty of generating such lines in most species largely yielded imperfect CSL panels, prohibiting a systematic dissection of epistasis. Here, we present the development and use of a unique and complete panel of CSLs in Arabidopsis thaliana, allowing the full factorial analysis of epistatic interactions. A first comparison of reciprocal single chromosome substitutions revealed a dependency of QTL detection on different genetic backgrounds. The subsequent analysis of the complete panel of CSLs enabled the mapping of the genetic interactors and identified multiple two- and three-way interactions for different traits. Some of the detected epistatic effects were as large as any observed main effect, illustrating the impact of epistasis on quantitative trait variation. We, therefore, have demonstrated the high power of detection and mapping of genome-wide epistasis, confirming the assumed supremacy of comprehensive CSL sets.One sentence summaryDevelopment of a complete panel of chromosome substitution lines enables high power mapping of epistatic interactions in Arabidopsis thaliana.

The performance of single chromosome substitution lines of bread wheat subjected to salinity stress

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-324
Author(s):  
J. Díaz De León ◽  
R. Escoppinichi ◽  
N. Geraldo ◽  
A. Börner ◽  
M. Röder
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Chromosome Substitution ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Single Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Substitution Lines

The location and effects of genes modifying the response of wheat to the herbicide difenzoquat

1992 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
D. Leckie ◽  
J. W. Snape
Keyword(s):  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Modifier Genes ◽  
Monosomic Analysis ◽  
Chromosome Substitution ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Single Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Substitution Lines ◽  
Intermediate Response

SUMMARYSingle chromosome substitution lines of hexaploid wheat were developed using a variety resistant to difenzoquat, Chinese Spring, as donor and a susceptible variety, Sicco, as recipient, and were used to identify chromosomes carrying genes which modify the responses of these varieties. It was found that chromosomes 3B and 5D from Chinese Spring might act to reduce the amount of damage caused by the herbicide in the presence of the allele for susceptibility at the Dfql locus. The intermediate response to the herbicide, which is shown by some commerical varieties, was also investigated using a backcross reciprocal monosomic analysis. In these varieties, the allele at the Dfql locus determining the reaction to the herbicide was shown to be similar to that of the susceptible variety Sicco. It is, therefore, probable that the responses of intermediate varieties are due to the effects of modifier genes increasing resistance.

scholarly journals Incipient Speciation by Sexual Isolation in Drosophila melanogaster: Extensive Genetic Divergence Without Reinforcement

Genetics ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. 1191-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hope Hollocher ◽  
Chau-Ti Ting ◽  
Mao-Lien Wu ◽  
Chug-I Wu
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Sexual Isolation ◽  
Chromosome Substitution ◽  
Incipient Speciation ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Epistatic Interactions ◽  
Chromosome Substitution Lines ◽  
Comparable Magnitude

The collection of Drosophila melanogaster from Zimbabwe and nearby regions (the Z-type) yield females who would not mate with the cosmopolitan D. melanogaster males (the M-type). To dissect the genetic basis of this sexual isolation, we constructed 16 whole-chromosome substitution lines between two standard Z- and M-lines. The results were as follows: (1) All substitution lines appear normal in viability and fertility in both sexes, indicating no strong postmating isolation. (2) The genes for the behaviors are mapped to all three major chromosomes with the same ranking and comparable magnitude of effects for both sexes: III > II ⪢ X ≥ 0 (III, II and X designate the effects of the three chromosomes). The results suggest less evolution on the X than on autosomes at loci of sexual behavior. (3) The genes for “Z-maleness” are many and somewhat redundant. Whole-chromosome effects for Z-maleness appear nearly additive and show little dominance. (4) In contrast, “Z-femaleness” has less redundancy as partial genotypes never exhibit full phenotypic effects. Epistatic interactions and incomplete dominance can sometimes be detected. (5) The extensive genetic divergence underlying sexual isolation has evolved in the absence of detectable reduction in hybrid fitnesses. Sexual selection has apparently been a driving force of multiple facets of speciation at the nascent stage without reinforcement.

scholarly journals Effects of Interspecific Chromosome Substitution in Upland Cotton on Cottonseed Macronutrients

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1158
Author(s):  
Nacer Bellaloui ◽  
Sukumar Saha ◽  
Jennifer L. Tonos ◽  
Jodi A. Scheffler ◽  
Johnie N. Jenkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Upland Cotton ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Chromosome Substitution ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Chromosome Substitution Lines ◽  
Macronutrient Content ◽  
Chromosome Arm

Nutrients, including macronutrients such as Ca, P, K, and Mg, are essential for crop production and seed quality, and for human and animal nutrition and health. Macronutrient deficiencies in soil lead to poor crop nutritional qualities and a low level of macronutrients in cottonseed meal-based products, leading to malnutrition. Therefore, the discovery of novel germplasm with a high level of macronutrients or significant variability in the macronutrient content of crop seeds is critical. To our knowledge, there is no information available on the effects of chromosome or chromosome arm substitution on cottonseed macronutrient content. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of chromosome or chromosome arm substitution on the variability and content of the cottonseed macronutrients Ca, K, Mg, N, P, and S in chromosome substitution lines (CS). Nine chromosome substitution lines were grown in two-field experiments at two locations in 2013 in South Carolina, USA, and in 2014 in Mississippi, USA. The controls used were TM-1, the recurrent parent of the CS line, and the cultivar AM UA48. The results showed major variability in macronutrients among CS lines and between CS lines and controls. For example, in South Carolina, the mean values showed that five CS lines (CS-T02, CS-T04, CS-T08sh, CS-B02, and CS-B04) had higher Ca level in seed than controls. Ca levels in these CS lines varied from 1.88 to 2.63 g kg−1 compared with 1.81 and 1.72 g kg−1 for TM-1 and AMUA48, respectively, with CS-T04 having the highest Ca concentration. CS-M08sh exhibited the highest K concentration (14.50 g kg−1), an increase of 29% and 49% over TM-1 and AM UA48, respectively. Other CS lines had higher Mg, P, and S than the controls. A similar trend was found at the MS location. This research demonstrated that chromosome substitution resulted in higher seed macronutrients in some CS lines, and these CS lines with a higher content of macronutrients can be used as a genetic tool towards the identification of desired seed nutrition traits. Also, the CS lines with higher desired macronutrients can be used as parents to breed for improved nutritional quality in Upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., through improvement by the interspecific introgression of desired seed nutrient traits such as Ca, K, P, S, and N. The positive and significant (p ≤ 0.0001) correlation of P with Ca, P with Mg, S with P, and S with N will aid in understanding the relationships between nutrients to improve the fertilizer management program and maintain higher cottonseed nutrient content.

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