scholarly journals Association of physiological variables with football subconcussive head impacts: Why measure?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan E. Huibregtse ◽  
Steven W. Zonner ◽  
Keisuke Ejima ◽  
Zachary W. Bevilacqua ◽  
Sharlene Newman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Head Impact ◽  
American Football ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Head Impacts ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Damage

AbstractSubconcussive head impacts, defined as impacts to the cranium that do not result in clinical symptoms of concussion, are gaining traction as a major public health concern. Researchers begin to suggest subconcussive impact-dependent changes in various neurological measures. However, a contribution of physiological factors such as physical exertion and muscle damage has never been accounted. We conducted a prospective longitudinal study during a high school American football season to examine the association between physiological factors and subconcussive head impact kinematics. Fifteen high-school American football players volunteered in the study. A sensor-installed mouthguard recorded the number of head impacts, peak linear (PLA: g) and peak rotational (PRA: rad/s2) head accelerations from every practice and game. Serum samples were collected at 12 time points (pre-season baseline, five in-season pre-post games, and post-season) and assessed for the creatine kinase skeletal muscle-specific isoenzyme (CK-MM), as a surrogate for skeletal muscle damage. Physical exertion was estimated in the form of excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) from heart rate data captured during five games via a wireless heart rate monitor. A total of 9,700 hits, 214,492 g, and 19,885,037 rad/s2 were recorded from 15 players across the study period. Mixed-effect regression models indicated that head impact kinematics (frequency, PLA, and PRA) were significantly and positively associated with CK-MM increase, but not with EPOC. There was a significant and positive association between CK-MM and EPOC. These data suggest that skeletal muscle damage effects should be considered when using outcome measures that may have an interaction with muscle damage, including inflammatory biomarkers and vestibular/balance tests.

Association between Muscle Damage and Head Impacts in High School American Football

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (01) ◽  
pp. 36-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan E. Huibregtse ◽  
Steven W. Zonner ◽  
Keisuke Ejima ◽  
Zachary W. Bevilacqua ◽  
Sharlene D. Newman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
American Football ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Head Impacts ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

AbstractSubconcussive head impacts (SHI), defined as impacts to the cranium that do not result in concussion symptoms, are gaining traction as a major public health concern. The contribution of physiological factors such as physical exertion and muscle damage to SHI-dependent changes in neurological measures remains unknown. A prospective longitudinal study examined the association between physiological factors and SHI kinematics in 15 high school American football players over one season. Players wore a sensor-installed mouthguard for all practices and games, recording frequency and magnitude of all head impacts. Serum samples were collected at 12 time points (pre-season, pre- and post-game for five in-season games, and post-season) and were assessed for an isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MM) primarily found in skeletal muscle. Physical exertion was estimated in the form of excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) from heart rate data captured during the five games. Mixed-effect regression models indicated that head impact kinematics were significantly and positively associated with change in CK-MM but not EPOC. There was a significant and positive association between CK-MM and EPOC. These data suggest that when examining SHI, effects of skeletal muscle damage should be considered when using outcome measures that may have an interaction with muscle damage.

scholarly journals Association of physiological variables with subconcussive head impacts in high school American football

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (14 Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S28.2-S28
Author(s):  
Megan E. Huibregtse ◽  
Steven W. Zonner ◽  
Keisuke Ejima ◽  
Zachary W. Bevilacqua ◽  
Sharlene D. Newman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Head Impact ◽  
American Football ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Head Impacts ◽  
Physiological Variables

ObjectiveThe purpose of this investigation was to examine the relationships between subconcussive head impact frequency and magnitude and measures of physical exertion and muscle damage.BackgroundSubconcussive head impacts, or impacts that do not present with concussion symptoms, are gaining traction as a major public health concern. However, there is a gap in knowledge about the contribution of physiological variables, such as muscle damage and physical exertion, to neurological measures used to assess subconcussive impact-dependent changes. The unknown contribution of physical exertion and strenuous exercise is often listed as a limitation in field studies of subconcussive head impacts.Design/MethodsFifteen high school football players wore mouthguards installed with triaxial accelerometers and gyroscopes in order to quantify the linear and rotational accelerations of every head impact sustained throughout one season (practices and games). Additionally, serum samples were collected at twelve time points (pre-season, pre- and post-competition for five in-season games, and post-season) and assayed for CK-MM, the skeletal muscle-specific isoenzyme of creatine kinase. Subjects wore heart rate monitors during the five games, and heart rate data were used to estimate physical exertion in terms of excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC).ResultsMixed-effect regression modeling (MRM) showed significant and positive associations between CK-MM and subconcussive head impact kinematic variables, in addition to a significant and positive association between CK-MM and EPOC. The models were adjusted for cumulative head impact exposures up to each game and the pre-season serum CK-MM levels, when applicable.ConclusionsWhen investigating subconcussive head impacts, the effects of muscle damage should be considered when using correlated outcome measures, such as inflammatory biomarkers and vestibular assessments.

Behavioral Tackling Interventions Decrease Head Impact Frequency in American Football Players: A Critically Appraised Topic

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ashley E. Evans ◽  
Madeline Curtis ◽  
Marguerite (Meg) Montjoy ◽  
Erica Beidler
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Head Impact ◽  
American Football ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Clinical Question ◽  
Impact Frequency ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Head Impacts ◽  
Different Types

Context: The rate of sport-related concussion diagnosis has significantly increased in recent years, which has created a need for injury prevention initiatives. There have been efforts put forth by researchers and American football organizations to teach athletes how to tackle properly in order to decrease the number of subconcussive head impacts and concussions. Clinical Question: Does the implementation of a behavioral tackling intervention decrease the head impact frequency in American football players? Clinical Bottom Line: There is moderate SORT Level B evidence to support the use of behavioral tackling interventions as a means for reducing head impact frequency in football athletes. All four included studies found a significant reduction in head impacts following a behavioral tackling intervention with study findings ranging from a 26–33% reduction in impact frequency. These findings were consistent in youth, high school, and college football players and for different types of behavioral tackling interventions. Therefore, these results indicate that behavioral tackling interventions have the potential to reduce the number of head impacts sustained by American football players, which may ultimately lead to a reduction in concussion occurrence as well.

Cardiorespiratory and skeletal muscle damage due to COVID-19: making the urgent case for rehabilitation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Rebeca Nunes Silva ◽  
Cássia Da Luz Goulart ◽  
Murilo Rezende Oliveira ◽  
Guilherme Yassuyuki Tacao ◽  
Guilherme Dionir Back ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Damage ◽  
Urgent Case

Modifications in the Concentrations of Circulating Myoglobin after Treatment with Low Doses of Adriamycin

1985 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 463-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Carulli ◽  
Aldo Clerico ◽  
Alessandra Marini ◽  
Maria Grazia Del Chicca ◽  
Renato Vanacore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Damage ◽  
Creatine Kinase Mb

The modifications in the concentration of circulating myoglobin have been studied by means of a radioimmunoassay in 15 cancer patients undergoing polychemotherapy including adriamycin. In 8 patients significant increases in myoglobin levels were found after injection of low doses of the drug (25-50 mg/m2). Moreover, a disturbance of the normal biorhythm of the protein was evident in 12 patients. Creatine kinase-MB was evaluated by means of a radioimmunoassay, but there was no relation between an increase in the isoenzyme and an increase in myoglobin. No ECG modifications were detected. These data indicate that the measurement of myoglobin may offer an indication of myocardial or skeletal muscle damage caused by adriamycin.

Isoform specific ALT measurement during liver and skeletal muscle damage

2012 ◽  
Vol 211 ◽  
pp. S48
Author(s):  
Björn Glinghammar ◽  
Ingalill Rafter ◽  
Ina Schuppe-Koistinen ◽  
Ian Cotgreave
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Damage

scholarly journals Toll-Like Receptors in Ischaemia and Its Potential Role in the Pathophysiology of Muscle Damage in Critical Limb Ischaemia

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemanshu Patel ◽  
Sidney G. Shaw ◽  
Xu Shi-Wen ◽  
David Abraham ◽  
Daryll M. Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Critical Limb Ischaemia ◽  
Limb Ischaemia ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Damage

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key receptors of the innate immune system which are expressed on immune and nonimmune cells. They are activated by both pathogen-associated molecular patterns and endogenous ligands. Activation of TLRs culminates in the release of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and apoptosis. Ischaemia and ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury are associated with significant inflammation and tissue damage. There is emerging evidence to suggest that TLRs are involved in mediating ischaemia-induced damage in several organs. Critical limb ischaemia (CLI) is the most severe form of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and is associated with skeletal muscle damage and tissue loss; however its pathophysiology is poorly understood. This paper will underline the evidence implicating TLRs in the pathophysiology of cerebral, renal, hepatic, myocardial, and skeletal muscle ischaemia and I/R injury and discuss preliminary data that alludes to the potential role of TLRs in the pathophysiology of skeletal muscle damage in CLI.

scholarly journals Hormone therapy attenuates exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage in postmenopausal women

2009 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 853-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina M. Dieli-Conwright ◽  
Tanya M. Spektor ◽  
Judd C. Rice ◽  
E. Todd Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Damage ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Exercise Induced

Hormone therapy (HT) is a potential treatment to relieve symptoms of menopause and prevent the onset of disease such as osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. We evaluated changes in markers of exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage and inflammation [serum creatine kinase (CK), serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and skeletal muscle mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, and TNF-α] in postmenopausal women after a high-intensity resistance exercise bout. Fourteen postmenopausal women were divided into two groups: women not using HT (control; n = 6, 59 ± 4 yr, 63 ± 17 kg) and women using traditional HT (HT; n = 8, 59 ± 4 yr, 89 ± 24 kg). Both groups performed 10 sets of 10 maximal eccentric repetitions of single-leg extension on the Cybex dynamometer at 60°/s with 20-s rest periods between sets. Muscle biopsies of the vastus lateralis were obtained from the exercised leg at baseline and 4 h after the exercise bout. Gene expression was determined by RT-PCR for IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, and TNF-α. Blood draws were performed at baseline and 3 days after exercise to measure CK and LDH. Independent t-tests were performed to test group differences (control vs. HT). A probability level of P ≤ 0.05 was used to determine statistical significance. We observed significantly greater changes in mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, and TNF-α ( P ≤ 0.01) in the control group compared with the HT group after the exercise bout. CK and LDH levels were significantly greater after exercise ( P ≤ 0.01) in the control group. Postmenopausal women not using HT experienced greater muscle damage after maximal eccentric exercise, indicating a possible protective effect of HT against exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage.

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