scholarly journals SimNIBS 2.1: A Comprehensive Pipeline for Individualized Electric Field Modelling for Transcranial Brain Stimulation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme B. Saturnino ◽  
Oula Puonti ◽  
Jesper D Nielsen ◽  
Daria Antonenko ◽  
Kristoffer Hougaard H Madsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Field Modelling ◽  
Transcranial Brain Stimulation ◽  
Automated Tools ◽  
Automated Placement ◽  
The Brain

Numerical simulation of the electric fields induced by Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS), using realistic anatomical head models has gained interest in recent years for understanding the NIBS effects in individual subjects. Although automated tools for generating the head models and performing the electric field simulations have become available, individualized modelling is still not standard practice in NIBS studies. This is likely partly explained by the lack of robustness and usability of the previously available software tools, and partly by the still developing understanding of the link between physiological effects and electric field distributions in the brain. To facilitate individualized modelling in NIBS, we have introduced the SimNIBS (Simulation of NIBS) software package, providing easy-to-use automated tools for electric field modelling. In this article, we give an overview of the modelling pipeline in SimNIBS 2.1, with step-by-step examples of how to run a simulation. Furthermore, we demonstrate a set of scripts for extracting average electric fields for a group of subjects, and finally demonstrate the accuracy of automated placement of standard electrode montages on the head model. SimNIBS 2.1 is freely available at www.simnibs.org.

scholarly journals Integrating electric field modelling and neuroimaging to explain inter-individual variability of tACS effects

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian H. Kasten ◽  
Katharina Duecker ◽  
Marike C. Maack ◽  
Arnd Meiser ◽  
Christoph S. Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Field Modelling ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Field Variability

AbstractUnderstanding variability of transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) effects is one of the major challenges in the brain stimulation community. Promising candidates to explain this variability are individual anatomy and the resulting differences of electric fields inside the brain. We integrated individual simulations of electric fields during tES with source-localization to predict variability of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) aftereffects on α-oscillations. In two experiments, participants received 20 minutes of either α-tACS (1 mA) or sham stimulation. Magnetoencephalogram was recorded for 10 minutes before and after stimulation. tACS caused a larger power increase in the α-band as compared to sham. The variability of this effect was significantly predicted by measures derived from individual electric field modelling. Our results directly link electric field variability to variability of tACS outcomes, stressing the importance of individualizing stimulation protocols and providing a novel approach to analyze tACS effects in terms of dose-response relationships.

16 Noninvasive deep brain stimulation via delivery of temporally interfering electric fields

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. e6.3-e7
Author(s):  
Nir Grossman
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Imperial College ◽  
Network Activity ◽  
Massachusetts Institute Of Technology ◽  
Neural Firing ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
The Brain

Nir is a Lecturer (Assistant Professor) at Imperial College London and a founding fellow of the UK Dementia Research Institute (UK-DRI). The long-term goal of his research is to develop neuromodulatory interventions for neurodegenerative diseases by direct modulation of the underlying aberrant network activity. Nir received a BSc in Physics from the Israeli Institute of Technology (Technion), an MSc in Electromagnetic Engineering from the Technical University of Hamburg-Harburg, and a PhD in Neuroscience from Imperial College London. He then completed a postdoc training, as a Wellcome Trust Fellow, at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University. Nir was recently awarded the prestige prize for Neuromodulation from the Science magazine for describing how temporal interfering of kHz electric fields can non-invasively stimulate focal neural structures deep in the brain.Electrical brain stimulation is a key technique in research and clinical neuroscience studies, and also is in increasingly widespread use from a therapeutic standpoint. However, to date all methods of electrical stimulation of the brain either require surgery to implant an electrode at a defined site, or involve the application of non-focal electric fields to large fractions of the brain. We report a noninvasive strategy for electrically stimulating neurons at depth. By delivering to the brain multiple electric fields at frequencies too high to recruit neural firing, but which differ by a frequency within the dynamic range of neural firing, we can electrically stimulate neurons throughout a region where interference between the multiple fields results in a prominent electric field envelope modulated at the difference frequency. We validated this temporal interference (TI) concept via modeling and physics experiments, and verified that neurons in the living mouse brain could follow the electric field envelope. We demonstrate the utility of TI stimulation by stimulating neurons in the hippocampus of living mice without recruiting neurons of the overlying cortex. Finally, we show that by altering the currents delivered to a set of immobile electrodes, we can steerably evoke different motor patterns in living mice.

scholarly journals SimNIBS 2.1: A Comprehensive Pipeline for Individualized Electric Field Modelling for Transcranial Brain Stimulation

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme B. Saturnino ◽  
Oula Puonti ◽  
Jesper D. Nielsen ◽  
Daria Antonenko ◽  
Kristoffer H. Madsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Field Modelling ◽  
Transcranial Brain Stimulation

A conceptional framework for combining brain mapping and brain stimulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anke Ninija Karabanov ◽  
Hartwig Roman Siebner
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Mapping ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Parameter Setting ◽  
Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Transcranial Brain Stimulation ◽  
The Brain

Here, we introduce a conceptual framework for studies that combine non-invasive transcranial brain stimulation (NTBS) with neuroimaging. We outline the type of neuroscientific questions that can be addressed with a combined NTBS-neuroimaging approach and describe important experimental considerations. Neuroimaging methods differ with respect to their spatiotemporal resolution and reflect different neurobiological aspects of brain function, structure or metabolism. These characteristics need to be carefully considered in order to select the most appropriate neuroimaging modality. NTBS and neuroimaging can be combined concurrently (online) or sequentially (offline). The “online” approach applies neuroimaging while NTBS is delivered to the brain and thus, can reveal the immediate functional effects of NTBS on the targeted brain networks, but one has to deal with interfering effects of NTBS on brain mapping. The “offline” approach applies neuroimaging and NTBS in sequence: Offline neuroimaging can be performed BEFORE the stimulation session to inform NTBS parameter setting or AFTER the stimulation session to provide functional, metabolic or structural readouts of NTBS-effects. Since NTBS and neuroimaging can be separated in space and time, NTBS does not interfere with offline brain mapping. Finally, we discuss how NTBS and neuroimaging are gaining importance in clinical NTBS applications and how both techniques can be iteratively combined to create open-loop setups.

scholarly journals Magnetic Temporal Interference for Noninvasive Focal Brain Stimulation

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Khalifa ◽  
Seyed Mahdi Abrishami ◽  
Mohsen Zaeimbashi ◽  
Alexander D. Tang ◽  
Brian Coughlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Frequency Magnetic Field ◽  
Fos Expression ◽  
The Brain

Non-invasive stimulation of deep brain regions has been a major goal for neuroscience and neuromodulation in the past three decades. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), for instance, cannot target deep regions in the brain without activating the overlying tissues and has a poor spatial resolution. In this manuscript, we propose a new concept that relies on the temporal interference of two high-frequency magnetic fields generated by two electromagnetic solenoids. To illustrate the concept, custom solenoids were fabricated and optimized to generate temporal interfering electric fields for rodent brain stimulation. C-Fos expression was used to track neuronal activation. C-Fos expression was not present in regions impacted by only one high-frequency magnetic field indicating ineffective recruitment of neural activity in non-target regions. In contrast, regions impacted by two fields that interfere to create a low-frequency envelope display a strong increase in c-Fos expression. Therefore, this magnetic temporal interference solenoid-based system provides a framework to perform further stimulation studies that would investigate the advantages it could bring over conventional TMS systems.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal structure of intracranial electric fields induced by transcranial electric stimulation in human and nonhuman primates

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Opitz ◽  
Arnaud Falchier ◽  
Chao-Gan Yan ◽  
Erin Yeagle ◽  
Gary Linn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Electric Stimulation ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Electrode Arrays ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Crucial Information ◽  
Cebus Monkeys ◽  
Transcranial Electric Stimulation ◽  
The Brain

AbstractTranscranial electric stimulation (TES) is an emerging technique, developed to non-invasively modulate brain function. However, the spatiotemporal distribution of the intracranial electric fields induced by TES remains poorly understood. In particular, it is unclear how much current actually reaches the brain, and how it distributes across the brain. Lack of this basic information precludes a firm mechanistic understanding of TES effects. In this study we directly measure the spatial and temporal characteristics of the electric field generated by TES using stereotactic EEG (s-EEG) electrode arrays implanted in cebus monkeys and surgical epilepsy patients. We found a small frequency dependent decrease (10%) in magnitudes of TES induced potentials and negligible phase shifts over space. Electric field strengths were strongest in superficial brain regions with maximum values of about 0.5 mV/mm. Our results provide crucial information for the interpretation of human TES studies and the optimization and design of TES stimulation protocols. In addition, our findings have broad implications concerning electric field propagation in non-invasive recording techniques such as EEG/MEG.

scholarly journals Direct-Current Electric Field Distribution in the Brain for Tumor Treating Field Applications: A Simulation Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung-Shin Sun
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Field Distribution ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Electric Field Distribution ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Direct Current Electric Field ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Current Electric Field

Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) in combination with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy have been clinically reported to provide prolonged overall survival in glioblastoma patients. Alternating electric fields with frequencies of 100~300 kHz and magnitudes of 1~3 V/cm are shown to suppress the growth of cancer cells via interactions with polar molecules within dividing cells. Since it is difficult to directly measure the electric fields inside the brain, simulation models of the human head provide a useful tool for predicting the electric field distribution. In the present study, a three-dimensional finite element head model consisting of the scalp, the skull, the dura, the cerebrospinal fluid, and the brain was built to study the electric field distribution under various applied potentials and electrode configurations. For simplicity, a direct-current electric field was used in the simulation. The total power dissipation and temperature elevation due to Joule heating in different head tissues were also evaluated. Based on the results, some guidelines are obtained in designing the electrode configuration for personalized glioblastoma electrotherapy.

scholarly journals Plasticity induced by non-invasive transcranial brain stimulation: A position paper

2017 ◽  
Vol 128 (11) ◽  
pp. 2318-2329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-Zu Huang ◽  
Ming-Kue Lu ◽  
Andrea Antal ◽  
Joseph Classen ◽  
Michael Nitsche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Position Paper ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Transcranial Brain Stimulation

scholarly journals Head models of healthy and depressed adults for simulating the effects of non-invasive brain stimulation

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nya Mehnwolo Boayue ◽  
Gábor Csifcsák ◽  
Oula Puonti ◽  
Axel Thielscher ◽  
Matthias Mittner
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Anatomy ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data ◽  
Structural Variations ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

During the past decade, it became clear that the effects of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) are substantially influenced by variations in individual head and brain anatomy. In addition to structural variations in the healthy, several psychiatric disorders are characterized by anatomical alterations that are likely to further constrain the intracerebral effects of NIBS. Here, we present high-resolution realistic head models derived from structural magnetic resonance imaging data of 19 healthy adults and 19 patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD). By using a freely available software package for modelling the effects of different NIBS protocols, we show that our head models are well-suited for assessing inter-individual and between-group variability in the magnitude and focality of tDCS-induced electric fields for two protocols targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.

scholarly journals Modelling of the Electric Field Distribution in Deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Adolescence, in the Adulthood, and in the Old Age

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Fiocchi ◽  
Michela Longhi ◽  
Paolo Ravazzani ◽  
Yiftach Roth ◽  
Abraham Zangen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Aging People ◽  
The Brain

In the last few years, deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) has been used for the treatment of depressive disorders, which affect a broad category of people, from adolescents to aging people. To facilitate its clinical application, particular shapes of coils, including the so-called Hesed coils, were designed. Given their increasing demand and the lack of studies which accurately characterize their use, this paper aims to provide a picture of the distribution of the induced electric field in four realistic human models of different ages and gender. In detail, the electric field distributions were calculated by using numerical techniques in the brain structures potentially involved in the progression of the disease and were quantified in terms of both amplitude levels and focusing power of the distribution. The results highlight how the chosen Hesed coil (H7 coil) is able to induce the maxima levels ofEmainly in the prefrontal cortex, particularly for the younger model. Moreover, growing levels of induced electric fields with age were found by going in deep in the brain, as well as a major capability to penetrate in the deepest brain structures with an electric field higher than 50%, 70%, and 90% of the peak found in the cortex.

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