scholarly journals From individuals to populations: How intraspecific competition shapes thermal reaction norms

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Mallard ◽  
Vincent Le Bourlot ◽  
Christie Le Coeur ◽  
Monique Avnaim ◽  
Romain Péronnet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Thermal Reaction ◽  
Reaction Norms ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
List Type ◽  
Joint Effects ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

AbstractMost ectotherms follow the temperature-size rule (TSR): in cold environments individuals grow slowly but reach a large asymptotic length. Intraspecific competition can induce plastic changes of growth rate and asymptotic length and competition may itself be modulated by temperature.Our aim is to disentangle the joint effects of temperature and intraspecific competition on growth rate and asymptotic length.We used two distinct clonal lineages of the Collembola Folsomia candida, to describe thermal reaction norms of growth rate, asymptotic length and reproduction over 6 temperatures between 6°C and 29°C. In parallel, we measured the long-term size-structure and dynamics of populations reared under the same temperatures to measure growth rates and asymptotic lengths in populations and to quantify the joint effects of competition and temperature on these traits.We show that intraspecific competition modulates the temperature-size rule. In dense populations there is a direct negative effect of temperature on asymptotic length, but there is no temperature dependence of the growth rate, the dominant factor regulating growth being competition. We fail to demonstrate that the strength of competition varies with temperature except at the lowest temperature where competition is minimal. The two lineages responded differently to the joint effects of temperature and competition and these genetic differences have marked effects on population dynamics along our temperature gradient.Our results reinforce the idea that the TSR response of ectotherms can be modulated by biotic and abiotic stressors when studied in non-optimal laboratory experiments. Untangling complex interactions between environment and demography will help understanding how size will respond to environmental change and how climate change may influence population dynamics.

scholarly journals The Effect of Temperature and Humidity May Reduce the Growth Rate of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Epidemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Qin ◽  
Qiang Sun ◽  
Jiani Shao ◽  
Yang Chen ◽  
Xiaomei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Scatter Plots ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
Average Relative Humidity ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: The effects of temperature and humidity on the epidemic growth of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)remains unclear.Methods: Daily scatter plots between the epidemic growth rate (GR) and average temperature (AT) or average relative humidity (ARH) were presented with curve fitting through the “loess” method. The heterogeneity across days and provinces were calculated to assess the necessity of using a longitudinal model. Fixed effect models with polynomial terms were developed to quantify the relationship between variations in the GR and AT or ARH.Results: An increased AT dramatically reduced the GR when the AT was lower than −5°C, the GR was moderately reduced when the AT ranged from −5°C to 15°C, and the GR increased when the AT exceeded 15°C. An increasedARH increased theGR when the ARH was lower than 72% and reduced theGR when the ARH exceeded 72%.Conclusions: High temperatures and low humidity may reduce the GR of the COVID-19 epidemic. The temperature and humidity curves were not linearly associated with the COVID-19 GR.

scholarly journals Studies in the geotropism of the pteridophyta V—Some effects of temperature on growth and geotropism in Asplenium bulbiferium

1935 ◽  
Vol 116 (800) ◽  
pp. 479-493 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Horizontal Position ◽  
Present Position ◽  
Minimum Period ◽  
Plant Life ◽  
Latent Time ◽  
Presentation Time ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
The Given

Although temperature and gravity both influence plant life, and although both factors have been studied for many decades, there is surprisingly little literature decades, there is surprisingly little literature dealing with the relation between the two; and none, so far as I can discover, on the effect in any Pteridophyte. Navez (1929) who criticized the work of some investigators on the effect of temperature on the geotropism of a few seedlings, sums up the present position in his remark that the conclusions of workers are very different and often in opposition. The present paper gives the results of 1100 experiments carried out mainly between the years 1922 and 1927, and though it is realized that much remains to be done on the question, it is believed that the results which have been obtained are of some value. For general methods, reference may be made to previous “Studies” in this series. Geotropic sensitivity, as measured by presentation time at different stages in development of the frond, was fully worked out by Waight (1923) for 20°C, and is adopted here as a standard of reference. The growth rate recorded in the tables is that for the particular frond under investigation, or is the average of the fronds examined during the day of the experiment. Nearly all the experiments included in the tables were conducted during the months of April-October, as I have since been able to show that there is an annual rhythm in geotropic irritability. A decrease in sensitivity occurs in winter, and hence experiments performed in November-March are not strictly comparable with those carried out in the summer. The following abbreviations are used:- P.S. = period of stimulation. P.T. = presentation time, i. e ., the minimum period of stimulation in a horizontal position, which, under the given conditions, will cause a movement of approximately 5° in about 80% of the fronds. L.T. = latent time (Prankerd, 1925) in hours. N = “normal time,” i. e ., the P.T. For different stages of the frond at 20°C (see Waight, 1923).

scholarly journals INTER- AND INTRAPOPULATION VARIATION IN THERMAL REACTION NORMS FOR GROWTH RATE: EVOLUTION OF LATITUDINAL COMPENSATION IN ECTOTHERMS WITH A GENETIC CONSTRAINT

Evolution ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 1577-1589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazunori Yamahira ◽  
Maiko Kawajiri ◽  
Kenichi Takeshi ◽  
Takahiro Irie
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Thermal Reaction ◽  
Reaction Norms ◽  
Intrapopulation Variation ◽  
Genetic Constraint ◽  
Latitudinal Compensation

Growth Rate and Long-Term Population Dynamics of Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata Donn ex Sm.) Regeneration in Western Australian Forest

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Abbott ◽  
O Loneragan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Eucalyptus Marginata ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Rates Of Growth ◽  
Western Australian ◽  
Survival Of Seedlings

Five of the six stages in the regeneration of jarrah (seedling, lignotuberous seedling, seedling coppice, ground coppice and sapling) were studied in detail. Survival of seedlings is variable but usually low, and growth into the ground coppice stage usually takes 15-20 years. Growth into the sapling stage is arrested until there is substantial reduction in intraspecific competition. Lignotuberous seedlings, seedling coppice and ground coppice growing in ashbeds show faster rates of growth in length of the long axis of the lignotuber and length of the tallest shoot. Logging and prescribed (low-intensity) fires are associated with development of more seedling coppice and growth of ground coppice into saplings and poles than is fire alone.

scholarly journals Latitudinal and voltinism compensation shape thermal reaction norms for growth rate

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 2929-2941 ◽  
Author(s):  
LISA N. S. SHAMA ◽  
MELINA CAMPERO-PAZ ◽  
K. MATHIAS WEGNER ◽  
MARJAN DE BLOCK ◽  
ROBBY STOKS
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Thermal Reaction ◽  
Reaction Norms

Temperature-induced gene expression associated with different thermal reaction norms for growth rate

2008 ◽  
Vol 310B (2) ◽  
pp. 137-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacintha Ellers ◽  
Janine Mariën ◽  
Gerard Driessen ◽  
Nico M. van Straalen
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Thermal Reaction ◽  
Reaction Norms

scholarly journals From individuals to populations: How intraspecific competition shapes thermal reaction norms

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 669-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Mallard ◽  
Vincent Le Bourlot ◽  
Christie Le Coeur ◽  
Monique Avnaim ◽  
Romain Péronnet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Thermal Reaction ◽  
Reaction Norms

scholarly journals Growth, stoichiometry and cell size; temperature and nutrient responses in haptophytes

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Fredrik Skau ◽  
Tom Andersen ◽  
Jan-Erik Thrane ◽  
Dag Olav Hessen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
Specific Content ◽  
Batch Cultures ◽  
P Limitation ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Temperature and nutrients are key factors affecting the growth, cell size, and physiology of marine phytoplankton. In the ocean, temperature and nutrient availability often co-vary because temperature drives vertical stratification, which further controls nutrient upwelling. This makes it difficult to disentangle the effects of temperature and nutrients on phytoplankton purely from observational studies. In this study, we carried out a factorial experiment crossing two temperatures (13°and 19°C) with two growth regimes (P-limited, semi-continuous batch cultures [“−P”] and nutrient replete batch cultures in turbidostat mode [“+P”]) for three species of common marine haptophytes (Emiliania huxleyi, Chrysochromulina rotalis and Prymnesium polylepis) to address the effects of temperature and nutrient limitation on elemental content and stoichiometry (C:N:P), total RNA, cell size, and growth rate. We found that the main gradient in elemental content and RNA largely was related to nutrient regime and the resulting differences in growth rate and degree of P-limitation, and observed reduced cell volume-specific content of P and RNA (but also N and C in most cases) and higher N:P and C:P in the slow growing −P cultures compared to the fast growing +P cultures. P-limited cells also tended to be larger than nutrient replete cells. Contrary to other recent studies, we found lower N:P and C:P ratios at high temperature. Overall, elemental content and RNA increased with temperature, especially in the nutrient replete cultures. Notably, however, temperature had a weaker–and in some cases a negative–effect on elemental content and RNA under P-limitation. This interaction indicates that the effect of temperature on cellular composition may differ between nutrient replete and nutrient limited conditions, where cellular uptake and storage of excess nutrients may overshadow changes in resource allocation among the non-storage fractions of biomass (e.g. P-rich ribosomes and N-rich proteins). Cell size decreased at high temperature, which is in accordance with general observations.

scholarly journals Do genetic differences in growth thermal reaction norms maintain genetic variation in timing of diapause induction?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erlend I. F. Fossen ◽  
Joost A. M. Raeymaekers ◽  
Sigurd Einum
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Thermal Reaction ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Diapause Induction ◽  
Reaction Norms ◽  
List Type ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Sexual Production

AbstractAn optimal timing for diapause induction through the sexual production of dormant propagules is expected in populations of annual organisms. Yet, experimental work typically finds high within-population genetic variation in the sexual production of such propagules. Thus, high genetic variation in timing for diapause induction should be a common feature of annual organisms.Here, we hypothesize that genetic variation in the propensity to produce diapause propagules, Pd, is maintained by a genotype-by-environment interaction in growth performance, where fast-growing genotypes within an environment should delay diapause relative to slow-growing genotypes. From this, we derive two predictions. First, if there is ecological crossover in growth performance, the genetic correlation of Pd between environments should be negative. Second, the correlation between absolute plasticities of growth and Pd should be negative.We tested these predictions by quantifying ephippia production in genotypes of a population of the facultative sexual cladoceran Daphnia magna at two temperatures. The population biomass at the onset of ephippia production was used as a measure of Pd, whereas somatic growth rate was used to quantify growth. Plasticity for both measurements was derived from thermal reaction norms.Our results did not support either prediction, as neither the genetic correlation of Pd between environments, nor the correlation between absolute plasticity of growth and Pd were found to be significant.Our results suggest that genetic variation in the timing of diapause is not maintained by genetic differences in thermal growth reaction norms. We propose as an alternative hypothesis that if there is across year variation in how stochastically the environment deteriorates, fluctuating selection may favor genotypes with different Pd between years.

Aerobio Growth of Listeria monocytogenes on Beef Lean and Fatty Tissue: Equations Describing the Effects of Temperature and pH

1993 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
FREDERICK H. GRAU ◽  
PAUL B. VANDERLINDE
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Fatty Tissue ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Generation Times ◽  
Lag Period ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Lag Times

The aerobio growth rate and the duration of the lag period were determined for Listeria monocytogenes strain Murray B growing on ground beef lean and on pieces of fatty tissue. The organism grew at 0°C on lean tissue at pH ≥ 6 and on fatty tissue. It failed to grow at 0°C on lean at pH 5.6 but did grow at 2.5°C. The effect of temperature, between 0 and 30°C, on the growth rate on fatty tissue can be described by a modified Arrhenius equation Ln (gen/h) = −205.73 + 1.2939 × 105/K −2.0298 × 107/K2, where K = °Kelvin. This equation accounted for 99.7% of the variance. The combined effect of temperature and pH on the growth rate on beef lean was described by Ln (gen/h) = − 232.64 + 1.4041 × 105/K - 2.1908 × 107K2 + 1.1586 × 102/pH - 4.0952 × 102/pH2 (variance accounted for 99.5%). For lean at about pH 5.5–5.6, this equation applied between about 2.5 and 35°C; for lean of pH 6–7, it applied between about 0 and 35°C. Though the lag period increased with decrease in temperature and pH, measured lag times were more variable than generation times, and the goodness of fit of modified Arrhenius equations to lag times was relatively poor (variance accounted for 83–92%).

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