scholarly journals Application of Volumetric Absorptive Micro Sampling to Measure Multidimensional Anti-Influenza Hemagglutinin Igg Antibodies by MPlex-Flu Assay

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiong Wang ◽  
Dongme Li ◽  
Alexander Wiltse ◽  
Jason Emo ◽  
Shannon P. Hilchey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Small Volume ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Antibody Activity ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Influenza Hemagglutinin ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Finger Stick

AbstractRecently, volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) has been used for peripheral blood sampling and analyses in several fields. VAMS ensures accurate sampling by collecting a fixed blood volume (10 or 20µL) on a volumetric swab in blood spot format, and allows for long-term sample storage. The mPlex-Flu assay is a novel, multidimensional assay that measures the concentration of antibodies against multiple influenza virus hemagglutinins simultaneously strains with a small volume of serum (less than 5µL). Here we describe combining these two methods to measure multidimensional influenza antibody activity using a finger-stick and VAMS. In this study, we compared influenza antibody profiles measured from capillary blood obtained with a finger-stick, and venous whole blood collected by traditional phlebotomy from 20 subjects using the mPlex-Flu assay. We found that results with the two sampling methods were virtually identical across all influenza strains within the same subject (mean ofR2=0.9470), and that antibodies remained stable over three weeks when VAMS samples were stored at room temperature and transported using a variety of shipping methods. Additionally, VAMS sampling is an easy and highly reproducible process; when volunteers performed finger stick VAMS at home by themselves, the results of anti-HA antibody concentrations showed that they are highly consistent with sampling performed by study personnel on-site (R2=0.9496). This novel approach provides advantages for clinical influenza vaccine studies, including ease of sampling, low cost, and high accuracy. We conclude that these methods could provide an accurate and low-cost means for monitoring the influenza virus antibody responses in large population studies.

scholarly journals Application of volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) to measure multidimensional anti-influenza IgG antibodies by the mPlex-Flu assay

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 332-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiong Wang ◽  
Dongmei Li ◽  
Alexander Wiltse ◽  
Jason Emo ◽  
Shannon P. Hilchey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Finger Stick ◽  
High Throughput Assay ◽  
Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling

AbstractIntroduction: Recently, volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) has been used for accurate sampling of a fixed peripheral blood volume (10 µL) on a volumetric swab, and long-term sample storage. The mPlex-Flu assay is a novel, high-throughput assay that simultaneously measures the concentration of antibodies against the hemagglutinin (HA) proteins from multiple influenza virus strains with ≤5 µL of serum. Here we describe combining these two methods to measure multidimensional anti-influenza IgG activity in whole blood samples collected by a finger stick and VAMS, with correction for serum volume based on simultaneous hemoglobin measurement. Methods: We compared capillary blood samples obtained from a finger stick using a VAMS device with serum samples collected by traditional phlebotomy from 20 subjects, with the influenza antibody profiles measured by the mPlex-Flu assay. Results: We found that results with the two sampling methods were highly correlated within subjects and across all influenza strains (mean R2 = 0.9470). Adjustment for serum volume, based on hemaglobin measurement, was used to estimate serum volume of samples and improved the accuracy. IgG measurements were stable over 3 weeks when VAMS samples were stored at room temperature or transported using a variety of shipping methods. Additionally, when volunteers performed finger-stick VAMS at-home by themselves, the comparison results of anti-HA antibody concentrations were highly consistent with sampling performed by study personnel on-site (R2 = 0.9496). Conclusions: This novel approach can provide a simple, accurate, and low-cost means for monitoring the IgG anti-influenza HA antibody responses in large population studies and clinical trials.

Deep Fusion of a Skewed Redundant Magnetic and Inertial Sensor for Heading State Estimation in a Saturated Indoor Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (03) ◽  
pp. 313-335
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Karimi ◽  
Edwin Babaians ◽  
Martin Oelsch ◽  
Eckehard Steinbach
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Inertial Sensor ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Magnetic Sensors ◽  
Filter Model ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Heading Estimation

Robust attitude and heading estimation in an indoor environment with respect to a known reference are essential components for various robotic applications. Affordable Attitude and Heading Reference Systems (AHRS) are typically using low-cost solid-state MEMS-based sensors. The precision of heading estimation on such a system is typically degraded due to the encountered drift from the gyro measurements and distortions of the Earth’s magnetic field sensing. This paper presents a novel approach for robust indoor heading estimation based on skewed redundant inertial and magnetic sensors. Recurrent Neural Network-based (RNN) fusion is used to perform robust heading estimation with the ability to compensate for the external magnetic field anomalies. We use our previously described correlation-based filter model for preprocessing the data and for empowering perturbation mitigation. Our experimental results show that the proposed scheme is able to successfully mitigate the anomalies in the saturated indoor environment and achieve a Root-Mean-Square Error of less than [Formula: see text] for long-term use.

scholarly journals An Adjuvant Capsule in the Treatment of Pemphigus Vulgaris: A Novel Hypothesis

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-1
Author(s):  
Farideh Jowkar ◽  
Nasrin Saki ◽  
Sina Kardeh
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pemphigus Vulgaris ◽  
Autoimmune Disorders ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Inflammatory Molecules

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is one of the most common and studied autoimmune disorders of skin. The knock down of desmogleins in the skin by IgG antibodies will eventually leads to mucocutaneous problems in both genders. Targeting the cardinal molecules involved in the pathways of immune response is the main goal of given therapy. With regard to the side effects of long term use of immunosuppressive treatments, patients may use various adjuvant drug combinations. Sulfasalazine (SSZ) and Pentoxifylline (PTX) are two low-cost anti-TNF medications that can halt the acantholysis in PV. Tetracycline is an effective antibiotic with immunomdulatory properties on down-regulation of pro-inflammatory molecules such as NO, IL-1β. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory effects of Omega-3 take this supplement into account as a potential addition to anti-PV armamentarium. Thus, this complex could be utilized as a safe and effective adjuvant capsule against PV.

scholarly journals Effects of MF59 Adjuvant on Induction of Isotype-Switched IgG Antibodies and Protection after Immunization with T-Dependent Influenza Virus Vaccine in the Absence of CD4+T Cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 90 (15) ◽  
pp. 6976-6988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun-Ju Ko ◽  
Young-Tae Lee ◽  
Ki-Hye Kim ◽  
Yu-Jin Jung ◽  
Youri Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Vaccine ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Influenza Virus Vaccine ◽  
Alternative Mechanism ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Antibody Isotype ◽  
Highly Effective

ABSTRACTCD4+T cells play a central role in orchestrating adaptive immunity. To better understand the roles of CD4+T cells in the effects of adjuvants, we investigated the efficacy of a T-dependent influenza virus split vaccine with MF59 or alum in CD4 knockout (CD4KO) and wild-type (WT) mice. CD4+T cells were required for the induction of IgG antibody responses to the split vaccine and the effects of alum adjuvant. In contrast, MF59 was found to be highly effective in raising isotype-switched IgG antibodies to a T-dependent influenza virus split vaccine in CD4KO mice or CD4-depleted WT mice equivalent to those in intact WT mice, thus overcoming the deficiency of CD4+T cells in helping B cells and inducing immunity against influenza virus. Vaccination with the MF59-adjuvanted influenza virus vaccine was able to induce protective CD8+T cells and long-lived antibody-secreting cells in CD4KO mice. The effects of MF59 adjuvant in CD4KO mice might be associated with uric acid, inflammatory cytokines, and the recruitment of multiple immune cells at the injection site, but their cellularity and phenotypes were different from those in WT mice. These findings suggest a new paradigm of CD4-independent adjuvant mechanisms, providing the rationales to improve vaccine efficacy in infants, the elderly, immunocompromised patients, as well as healthy adults.IMPORTANCEMF59-adjuvanted influenza vaccines were licensed for human vaccination, but the detailed mechanisms are not fully elucidated. CD4+T cells are required to induce antibody isotype switching and long-term memory responses. In contrast, we discovered that MF59 was highly effective in inducing isotype-switched IgG antibodies and long-term protective immune responses to a T-dependent influenza vaccine independent of CD4+T cells. These findings are highly significant for the following reasons: (i) MF59 can overcome a defect of CD4+T cells in inducing protective immunity to vaccination with a T-dependent influenza virus vaccine; (ii) a CD4-independent pathway can be an alternative mechanism for certain adjuvants such as MF59; and (iii) this study has significant implications for improving vaccine efficacies in young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised populations.

scholarly journals Efficacy of the New Long-Acting Formulation of Lanreotide (Lanreotide Autogel) in the Management of Acromegaly

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ph. Caron ◽  
A. Beckers ◽  
D. R. Cullen ◽  
M. I. Goth ◽  
B. Gutt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Volume ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Prefilled Syringe ◽  
Igf I ◽  
D 20 ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Lanreotide Autogel

Lanreotide Autogel is a new long-acting aqueous preparation of lanreotide for the treatment of acromegaly and is administered by deep sc injection from a small volume, prefilled syringe. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this new long-acting formulation in a large population of acromegalic patients previously responsive to lanreotide 30 mg, im (sustained release microparticle formulation). Lanreotide Autogel was administered by deep sc injection every 28 d to 107 patients (54 males and 53 females; mean age, 54 ± 1.2 yr). All patients had been treated with lanreotide (30 mg) for at least 3 months before study entry and had a mean GH level less than 10 ng/ml after at least 4 subsequent im injections every 14 d (48%), 10 d (32%), or 7 d (20%). Treatment was switched from lanreotide 30 mg injected every 14, 10, or 7 d to 60, 90, or 120 mg lanreotide Autogel, respectively, every 28 d. After three fixed dose injections of lanreotide Autogel, mean lanreotide levels were similar to those obtained at steady state with lanreotide 30 mg. During lanreotide Autogel treatment, the control of acromegalic symptoms was comparable with that previously achieved during lanreotide 30 mg treatment. After 3 injections of lanreotide Autogel, mean GH (2.87 ± 0.22 ng/ml) and IGF-I (317 ± 15 ng/ml) values were comparable with those recorded at the end of lanreotide 30 mg treatment (GH, 2.82 ± 0.19 ng/ml; IGF-I, 323 ± 16 ng/ml). GH levels below 2.5 ng/ml and age-/sex-normalized IGF-I were achieved in 33% and 39% of patients during lanreotide 30 mg and lanreotide Autogel treatment, respectively. Diarrhea, abdominal pain, and nausea were reported by 38%, 22%, and 18% of patients during lanreotide 30 mg treatment and by 29%, 17%, and 9% of patients, respectively, during lanreotide Autogel treatment. In conclusion, this clinical study shows that lanreotide Autogel is at least as efficacious and well tolerated as lanreotide 30 mg. This new long-acting lanreotide formulation, lanreotide Autogel, which is administered from a small volume, prefilled syringe by deep sc injection, is therefore likely to improve the acceptability of medical treatment for patients requiring long-term somatostatin analog therapy.

Fine Particle Mass Monitoring with Low-Cost Sensors: Corrections and Long-Term Performance Evaluation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Malings ◽  
Rebecca Tanzer ◽  
Aliaksei Hauryliuk ◽  
Provat K. Saha ◽  
Allen L. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Fine Particle ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Particle Mass ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance

Planning Micronutrient-Dense Menus in Ontario Long-Term Care Homes: Strategies and Challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 198-203
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Duizer ◽  
Heather H. Keller
Keyword(s):  
Small Volume ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Dietary Reference Intakes ◽  
Portion Sizes ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Micronutrient Malnutrition ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Food Consumed

Prevalence of micronutrient malnutrition is high in individuals living in long-term care (LTC) homes with many individuals consuming low levels of vitamins B6, D, and E; folate; calcium; magnesium; and zinc. The focus of this research was to identify strategies and challenges encountered during development of micronutrient-dense menus for use in Ontario LTC homes and to examine costs associated with development of a menu with acceptable micronutrients. Semi-structured open-ended interviews were conducted with 13 menu planners (7 dietitians, 6 nutrition managers) in diverse LTC homes in Ontario. Data were thematically analyzed. A 7-day hypothetical menu meeting all nutrient requirements was developed and costed. Analysis of the interview data showed that menus are planned according to the Canada’s Food Guide (2007) and focus placed on Dietary Reference Intakes of protein, fibre, calcium, and sodium. Little focus is placed on micronutrients. Flexibility in foods offered was important to accommodate the small volume of food consumed. Resident preferences were balanced against nutritional requirements. Challenges included planning for diverse populations, managing portion sizes, and balancing the budget. A hypothetical menu planned to contain adequate levels of all micronutrients is 49% higher in food costs than the amount currently provided to Ontario LTC homes.

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