On the expression of co-operative feeding behaviour in 3rd instar Drosophila melanogaster larvae!

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Khodaei ◽  
Tara Newman ◽  
Samantha Lum ◽  
Henry Ngo ◽  
Matthew Maoloni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Outbred Population ◽  
Nutritional Conditions

AbstractUnder poor nutritional conditions, 3rd instar Drosophila melanogaster larvae will work collaboratively in feeding clusters to obtain resources that cannot be reached individually. To better understand the conditions that influence the expression of this behaviour we examined the frequencies, the size and the membership in vials of flies that were initially seeded with either 100 or 200 eggs each using flies from both a large, outbred population and a replicate population that was homozygous for the bw allele. Overall, more feeding clusters, containing more larval participants were observed in the higher density vials compared to the lower density vials, consistent with the idea that this social behaviour is a response to dwindling resources in the environment. The presence of the bw allele did not result in greater egg-to-adult mortality, nor did it result in lower participation in feeding clusters.

scholarly journals Influence of Lab Adapted Natural Diet and Microbiota on Life History and Metabolic Phenotype of Drosophila melanogaster

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1972
Author(s):  
Andrei Bombin ◽  
Owen Cunneely ◽  
Kira Eickman ◽  
Sergei Bombin ◽  
Abigail Ruesy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Life History ◽  
Development Rate ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Natural Diet ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
Nutritional Conditions ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Symbiotic Microbiota

Symbiotic microbiota can help its host to overcome nutritional challenges, which is consistent with a holobiont theory of evolution. Our project investigated the effects produced by the microbiota community, acquired from the environment and horizontal transfer, on metabolic traits related to obesity. The study applied a novel approach of raising Drosophila melanogaster, from ten wild-derived genetic lines on naturally fermented peaches, preserving genuine microbial conditions. Larvae raised on the natural and standard lab diets were significantly different in every tested phenotype. Frozen peach food provided nutritional conditions similar to the natural ones and preserved key microbial taxa necessary for survival and development. On the peach diet, the presence of parental microbiota increased the weight and development rate. Larvae raised on each tested diet formed microbial communities distinct from each other. The effect that individual microbial taxa produced on the host varied significantly with changing environmental and genetic conditions, occasionally to the degree of opposite correlations.

scholarly journals Expression of bovine superoxide dismutase in Drosophila melanogaster augments resistance of oxidative stress.

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 632-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Reveillaud ◽  
A Niedzwiecki ◽  
K G Bensch ◽  
J E Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
P Elements ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Radical Damage ◽  
Positive Effect

Superoxide dismutases (SOD) play a major role in the intracellular defense against oxygen radical damage to aerobic cells. In eucaryotes, the cytoplasmic form of the enzyme is a 32-kDa dimer containing two copper and two zinc atoms (CuZn SOD) that catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide anion (O2-) to H2O2 and O2. Superoxide-mediated damage has been implicated in a number of biological processes, including aging and cancer; however, it is not certain whether endogenously elevated levels of SOD will reduce the pathological events resulting from such damage. To understand the in vivo relationship between an efficient dismutation of O2- and oxidative injury to biological structures, we generated transgenic strains of Drosophila melanogaster overproducing CuZn SOD. This was achieved by microinjecting Drosophila embryos with P-elements containing bovine CuZn SOD cDNA under the control of the Drosophila actin 5c gene promoter. Adult flies of the resulting transformed lines which expressed both mammalian and Drosophila CuZn SOD were then used as a novel model for evaluating the role of oxygen radicals in aging. Our data show that expression of enzymatically active bovine SOD in Drosophila flies confers resistance to paraquat, an O2(-)-generating compound. This is consistent with data on adult mortality, because there was a slight but significant increase in the mean lifespan of several of the transgenic lines. The highest level of expression of the active enzyme in adults was 1.60 times the normal value. Higher levels may have led to the formation of toxic levels of H2O2 during development, since flies that died during the process of eclosion showed an unusual accumulation of lipofuscin (age pigment) in some of their cells. In conclusion, our data show that free-radical detoxification has a minor by positive effect on mean longevity for several strains.

Behaviour of the Koala, Phascolarctos Cinereus Goldfuss, in Captivity. 1. Non-Social Behaviour.

1979 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Smith
Keyword(s):  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
In Captivity

1. Feeding behaviour of koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) was observed at a sanctuary near Brisbane, Australia. They fed sporadically throughout the day, for a total of at least 19 h daily, on leaves; they ingested soil and gravel, and drank water when it was provided, but infrequently. Young were seen to leave the pouch at 220 days old and to eat leaves at 217 days old. None under 10 months old was seen to pull leaves forward before biting them.

scholarly journals Influence of the lab adopted natural diet and environmental and parental microbiota on life history and metabolic phenotype of Drosophila melanogaster larvae

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Bombin ◽  
Owen Cunneely ◽  
Kira Eickman ◽  
Sergei Bombin ◽  
Abigail Ruesy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Natural Diet ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Nutritional Conditions ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Natural Microbiota

AbstractObesity is an increasing worldwide epidemic and contributes to physical and mental health losses. The development of obesity is caused by multiple factors including genotype, hormonal misregulation, psychological stress, and gut microbiota. Our project investigated the effects produced by microbiota community, acquired from the environment and horizontal transfer, on traits related to obesity. The study applied a novel approach of raising Drosophila melanogaster from ten, wild-derived genetic lines (DGRP) on naturally fermented peaches, thereby preserving genuine microbial conditions. Our results indicated that larvae raised on the natural and standard lab diets were significantly different from each other in every tested phenotype. In addition, sterilized larvae raised on the autoclaved peach diet, therefore exposed to natural nutritional stress but lacking natural microbiota community, were associated with adverse phenotypes such as low survival rate, longer developmental time, smaller weight, and elevated triglyceride and glucose levels. Our findings suggested that frozen peach food provided nutritional conditions similar to the natural ones and preserved key microbial taxa necessary for survival and development of Drosophila larvae. The presence of parental microbiota did not produce a significant effect on any of the tested phenotypes when larvae were raised on the lab diet. Contrarily, on the peach diet, the presence of parental microbiota increased the weight and development rate, even if the original peach microbiota were still present. In addition, we found that larvae raised on the peach diet formed a microbial community distinctive from larvae raised on the lab or peach autoclaved diets. The effect that individual microbial taxa produced on the host varied significantly with changing environmental and genetic conditions, occasionally to the degree of opposite correlations.

scholarly journals The transcription factor dFOXO controls the expression of insulin pathway genes and lipids content under heat stress in Drosophila melanogaster

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-471
Author(s):  
M. A. Eremina ◽  
P. N. Menshanov ◽  
O. D. Shishkina ◽  
N. E. Gruntenko
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Growth Factor Signaling ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Feeding Intensity

The insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS) pathway is one of the key elements in an organism’s response to unfavourable conditions. The deep homology of this pathway and its evolutionary conservative role in controlling the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism make it possible to use Drosophila melanogaster for studying its functioning. To identify the properties of interaction of two key IIS pathway components under heat stress in D. melanogaster (the forkhead box O transcription factor (dFOXO) and insulin-like peptide 6 (DILP6), which intermediates the dFOXO signal sent from the fat body to the insulin-producing cells of the brain where DILPs1–5 are synthesized), we analysed the expression of the genes dilp6, dfoxo and insulin-like receptor gene (dInR) in females of strains carrying the hypomorphic mutation dilp641 and hypofunctional mutation foxoBG01018. We found that neither mutation influenced dfoxo expression and its uprise under short-term heat stress, but both of them disrupted the stress response of the dilp6 and dInR genes. To reveal the role of identified disruptions in metabolism control and feeding behaviour, we analysed the effect of the dilp641 and foxoBG01018 mutations on total lipids content and capillary feeding intensity in imago under normal conditions and under short-term heat stress. Both mutations caused an increase in these parameters under normal conditions and prevented decrease in total lipids content following heat stress observed in the control strain. In mutants, feeding intensity was increased under normal conditions; and decreased following short-term heat stress in all studied strains for the first 24 h of observation, and in dilp641 strain, for 48 h. Thus, we may conclude that dFOXO takes part in regulating the IIS pathway response to heat stress as well as the changes in lipids content caused by heat stress, and this regulation is mediated by DILP6. At the same time, the feeding behaviour of imago might be controlled by dFOXO and DILP6 under normal conditions, but not under heat stress.

Late summer time budget and feeding behaviour of marbled godwits (Limosa fedoa) in southern Manitoba

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 1277-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Wishart ◽  
Spencer G. Sealy
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Strong Wind ◽  
Night Feeding ◽  
Circus Cyaneus ◽  
Summer Time ◽  
Foraging Time

Marbled godwit (Limosa fedoa) foraging, social behaviour, and habitat use were studied in late summer in southern Manitoba. The flocks spent most of their time using three small potholes on the study area. Time budget activity changed cyclically over the day; birds spent 61.3% of the day feeding. Over 22% of foraging time was spent handling food and in pauses. It is suggested that the birds feed primarily by contact rather than sight and foraging may occur at night. Feeding was less efficient during strong wind and wave action and birds avoided exposed areas. This permitted them to feed at efficiencies characteristic of those of calm conditions. Birds were wary of marsh hawks (Circus cyaneus), but flocking and the use of open areas may have reduced their vulnerability to predation. Several factors including food availability, protection from wind, and vulnerability to predators probably influenced the way godwits used the habitat.

Influence of feeding operation and social factors on cattle locomotion in free stall barns

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-424
Author(s):  
K. Uetake ◽  
K. Yayou ◽  
T. Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Voluntary Movement ◽  
Locomotion Control ◽  
Cattle Feeding ◽  
Holstein Calves

The influence of feeding operation and social factors on voluntary movement of cattle was studied with a group of nine Holstein calves in free stall barns. The results of this study suggest that cattle can move more voluntarily when rations are put beyond the place that farmers want them to walk through. The results also suggest that conflicts between motivations for approaching rations and avoiding competitive feeding behaviour should be considered when efficient systems of locomotion control of cattle groups are designed, such as in AMSs. Key words: Dairy cattle, feeding, social behaviour, motivation

scholarly journals The evolutionary potential of diet-dependent effects on lifespan and fecundity in a multi-parental population of Drosophila melanogaster

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enoch Ng’oma ◽  
Wilton Fidelis ◽  
Kevin M. Middleton ◽  
Elizabeth G. King
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Evolutionary Potential ◽  
Fitness Components ◽  
Nutrient Imbalance ◽  
Quantitative Genetic ◽  
Nutritional Conditions ◽  
Quantitative Genetic Parameters

AbstractThe nutritional conditions experienced by a population play a major role in shaping trait evolution in many taxa. Constraints exerted by nutrient limitation or nutrient imbalance can influence the maximal value that fitness components such as reproduction and lifespan attains, and organisms may shift how resources are allocated to different structures and functions in response to changes in nutrition. Whether the phenotypic changes associated with changes in nutrition represent an adaptive response is largely unknown. Further, it is unclear whether the response of fitness components to diet even has the potential to evolve in most systems. In this study, we use an admixed multiparental population of Drosophila melanogaster reared in three different diet conditions to estimate quantitative genetic parameters for lifespan and fecundity. We find significant genetic variation for both traits in our population and show that lifespan has moderate to high heritabilities within diets. Genetic correlations for lifespan between diets were significantly less than one, demonstrating a strong genotype by diet interaction. These findings demonstrate substantial standing genetic variation in our population that is comparable to natural populations and highlights the potential for adaptation to changing nutritional environments.

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