Metabolic control of immune-competency by odors in Drosophila

SUMMARYDrosophila blood-progenitor cells generate an inflammatory cell-type termed lamellocyte, in response to parasitic wasp-infections. In this study we show that olfaction primes lamellocyte potential. Specifically, larval odor-detection mediated release of systemic γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) from neurosecretory cells, is detected and internalized by blood progenitor-cells. GABA catabolism through the GABA-shunt pathway prevents Sima (HIFα) protein degradation. Sima is necessary and sufficient for lamellocyte induction. However, limited systemic GABA availability during development restricts blood-progenitor Sima levels and consequently their lamellocyte potential. Preconditioning Drosophila larvae in odor environments mimicking parasitoid-threatened conditions raises systemic GABA and blood-progenitor Sima levels. As a result, infection responses in these animals are rapid and efficient. Overall, this study explores the importance of sensory control of myeloid-immunity and unravels the adaptive influence of environmental odor-experience on myeloid-metabolism and priming innate-immune potential.

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In vitro differentiation of CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells towards distinct dendritic cell subsets of the MIIC-positive Langerhans cell- and the interdigitating dendritic cell type

Immunology Letters ◽

10.1016/s0165-2478(97)87637-7 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 56 (1-3) ◽

pp. 200

Author(s):

A Lindemann

Keyword(s):

Dendritic Cell ◽

Progenitor Cells ◽

Langerhans Cell ◽

Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells ◽

In Vitro Differentiation ◽

Cell Type ◽

Hematopoietic Progenitor ◽

Dendritic Cell Subsets

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Exercise reduces inflammatory cell production and cardiovascular inflammation via instruction of hematopoietic progenitor cells.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.736864418.793567755 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Amira Klip ◽

Nicolas Pillon

Keyword(s):

Progenitor Cells ◽

Inflammatory Cell ◽

Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells ◽

Hematopoietic Progenitor ◽

Cell Production

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Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells are present in healthy gingiva tissue

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.20200737 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 218 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Siddharth Krishnan ◽

Kelly Wemyss ◽

Ian E. Prise ◽

Flora A. McClure ◽

Conor O’Boyle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Progenitor Cells ◽

Myeloid Cell ◽

Extramedullary Hematopoiesis ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Innate Immune Cells ◽

Hematopoietic Stem ◽

Effector Cells ◽

Stem And Progenitor Cells

Hematopoietic stem cells reside in the bone marrow, where they generate the effector cells that drive immune responses. However, in response to inflammation, some hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are recruited to tissue sites and undergo extramedullary hematopoiesis. Contrasting with this paradigm, here we show residence and differentiation of HSPCs in healthy gingiva, a key oral barrier in the absence of overt inflammation. We initially defined a population of gingiva monocytes that could be locally maintained; we subsequently identified not only monocyte progenitors but also diverse HSPCs within the gingiva that could give rise to multiple myeloid lineages. Gingiva HSPCs possessed similar differentiation potentials, reconstitution capabilities, and heterogeneity to bone marrow HSPCs. However, gingival HSPCs responded differently to inflammatory insults, responding to oral but not systemic inflammation. Combined, we highlight a novel pathway of myeloid cell development at a healthy barrier, defining a gingiva-specific HSPC network that supports generation of a proportion of the innate immune cells that police this barrier.

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Osteocalcin expressing cells from tendon sheaths in mice contribute to tendon repair by activating Hedgehog signaling

eLife ◽

10.7554/elife.30474 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Yi Wang ◽

Xu Zhang ◽

Huihui Huang ◽

Yin Xia ◽

YiFei Yao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Progenitor Cells ◽

Hedgehog Signaling ◽

Progenitor Cell ◽

Tendon Repair ◽

Tendon Sheath ◽

Lineage Tracing ◽

Specific Marker ◽

Molecular Function ◽

Hh Signaling ◽

Necessary And Sufficient

Both extrinsic and intrinsic tissues contribute to tendon repair, but the origin and molecular functions of extrinsic tissues in tendon repair are not fully understood. Here we show that tendon sheath cells harbor stem/progenitor cell properties and contribute to tendon repair by activating Hedgehog signaling. We found that Osteocalcin (Bglap) can be used as an adult tendon-sheath-specific marker in mice. Lineage tracing experiments show that Bglap-expressing cells in adult sheath tissues possess clonogenic and multipotent properties comparable to those of stem/progenitor cells isolated from tendon fibers. Transplantation of sheath tissues improves tendon repair. Mechanistically, Hh signaling in sheath tissues is necessary and sufficient to promote the proliferation of Mkx-expressing cells in sheath tissues, and its action is mediated through TGFβ/Smad3 signaling. Furthermore, co-localization of GLI1+ and MKX+ cells is also found in human tendinopathy specimens. Our work reveals the molecular function of Hh signaling in extrinsic sheath tissues for tendon repair.

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Identification of Split-GAL4 Drivers and Enhancers That Allow Regional Cell Type Manipulations of the Drosophila melanogaster Intestine

Genetics ◽

10.1534/genetics.120.303625 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 216 (4) ◽

pp. 891-903

Author(s):

Ishara S. Ariyapala ◽

Jessica M. Holsopple ◽

Ellen M. Popodi ◽

Dalton G. Hartwick ◽

Lily Kahsai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Progenitor Cells ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Cell Types ◽

Enteroendocrine Cells ◽

Epithelial Tissue ◽

Cell Type ◽

Cell Functions ◽

Distinct Subset ◽

Targeted Gene Expression

The Drosophila adult midgut is a model epithelial tissue composed of a few major cell types with distinct regional identities. One of the limitations to its analysis is the lack of tools to manipulate gene expression based on these regional identities. To overcome this obstacle, we applied the intersectional split-GAL4 system to the adult midgut and report 653 driver combinations that label cells by region and cell type. We first identified 424 split-GAL4 drivers with midgut expression from ∼7300 drivers screened, and then evaluated the expression patterns of each of these 424 when paired with three reference drivers that report activity specifically in progenitor cells, enteroendocrine cells, or enterocytes. We also evaluated a subset of the drivers expressed in progenitor cells for expression in enteroblasts using another reference driver. We show that driver combinations can define novel cell populations by identifying a driver that marks a distinct subset of enteroendocrine cells expressing genes usually associated with progenitor cells. The regional cell type patterns associated with the entire set of driver combinations are documented in a freely available website, providing information for the design of thousands of additional driver combinations to experimentally manipulate small subsets of intestinal cells. In addition, we show that intestinal enhancers identified with the split-GAL4 system can confer equivalent expression patterns on other transgenic reporters. Altogether, the resource reported here will enable more precisely targeted gene expression for studying intestinal processes, epithelial cell functions, and diseases affecting self-renewing tissues.

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Nanomaterial Exposure Induced Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: A New Target in Inflammation and Innate Immunity

Journal of Immunology Research ◽

10.1155/2019/3560180 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hang Yang ◽

Tony N. Marion ◽

Yi Liu ◽

Lingshu Zhang ◽

Xue Cao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Myeloid Cell ◽

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Innate Immune Responses ◽

Cell Type ◽

Extracellular Traps ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries ◽

The Relationship

Nanotechnology has become a novel subject with impact in many research and technology areas. Nanoparticles (NPs), as a key component in nanotechnology, are widely used in many areas such as optical, magnetic, electrical, and mechanical engineering. The biomedical and pharmaceutical industries have embraced NPs as a viable drug delivery modality. As such, the potential for NP-induced cytotoxicity has emerged as a major concern for NP drug delivery systems. Thus, it is important to understand how NPs affect the innate immune system. As the most abundant myeloid cell type in innate immune responses, neutrophils are critical for concerns about potentially toxic side effects of NPs. When activated by innate immune stimuli, neutrophils may initiate NETosis to release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Herein, we have reviewed the relationship between NPs and the induction of NETosis and release of NETs.

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