scholarly journals A Mean-Field Description of Bursting Dynamics in Spiking Neural Networks with Short-Term Adaptation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gast ◽  
H. Schmidt ◽  
T.R. Knösche
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Mean Field ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Spiking Neurons ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Adaptation Mechanisms ◽  
Neural Communication ◽  
Short Term Adaptation

Bursting plays an important role in neural communication. At the population level, macro-scopic bursting has been identified in populations of neurons that do not express intrinsic bursting mechanisms. For the analysis of such phase transitions, mean-field descriptions of macroscopic bursting behavior pose a valuable tool. In this article, we derive mean-field descriptions of populations of spiking neurons in which collective bursting behavior arises via short-term adaptation mechanisms. Specifically, we consider synaptic depression and spike-frequency adaptation in networks of quadratic integrate-and-fire neurons. We characterize the emerging bursting behavior using bifurcation analysis and validate our mean-field derivations by comparing the microscopic and macroscopic descriptions of the population dynamics. Hence, we provide mechanistic descriptions of phase transitions between bursting and non-bursting population dynamics which play important roles in both healthy neural communication and neurological disorders.

scholarly journals A Mean-Field Description of Bursting Dynamics in Spiking Neural Networks with Short-Term Adaptation

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1615-1634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Gast ◽  
Helmut Schmidt ◽  
Thomas R. Knösche
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Field Model ◽  
Mean Field ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mean Field Model ◽  
Neural Communication ◽  
Short Term Adaptation ◽  
The Mean

Bursting plays an important role in neural communication. At the population level, macroscopic bursting has been identified in populations of neurons that do not express intrinsic bursting mechanisms. For the analysis of phase transitions between bursting and non-bursting states, mean-field descriptions of macroscopic bursting behavior are a valuable tool. In this article, we derive mean-field descriptions of populations of spiking neurons and examine whether states of collective bursting behavior can arise from short-term adaptation mechanisms. Specifically, we consider synaptic depression and spike-frequency adaptation in networks of quadratic integrate-and-fire neurons. Analyzing the mean-field model via bifurcation analysis, we find that bursting behavior emerges for both types of short-term adaptation. This bursting behavior can coexist with steady-state behavior, providing a bistable regime that allows for transient switches between synchronized and nonsynchronized states of population dynamics. For all of these findings, we demonstrate a close correspondence between the spiking neural network and the mean-field model. Although the mean-field model has been derived under the assumptions of an infinite population size and all-to-all coupling inside the population, we show that this correspondence holds even for small, sparsely coupled networks. In summary, we provide mechanistic descriptions of phase transitions between bursting and steady-state population dynamics, which play important roles in both healthy neural communication and neurological disorders.

Short-term adaptation to auditory-visual discordance: The ventriloquism aftereffect

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Vroomen ◽  
Paul Bertelson ◽  
Ilja Frissen ◽  
Beatrice De Gelder
Keyword(s):  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Adaptation ◽  
Ventriloquism Aftereffect

Determination of allostatic load dynamics in the assessment of adaptation in temporary workers in the Arctic

2020 ◽  
pp. 547-548
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Atkov ◽  
S. G. Gorokhova
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Temporary Workers ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Adaptation ◽  
The Individual

The individual dynamics of the allostatic load index was revealed mainly due to changes in the glucose level, body mass index, which makes it applicable for assessing the short-term adaptation to the stay in the conditions of shift work

scholarly journals PDE limits of stochastic SIS epidemics on networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Di Lauro ◽  
J-C Croix ◽  
L Berthouze ◽  
I Z Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Network Inference ◽  
Mean Field ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Death Process ◽  
Disease Dynamics ◽  
Epidemic Outbreak ◽  
Numerical Tests ◽  
Mean Field Models ◽  
Stochastic Epidemic ◽  
Fokker Planck Equations

Abstract Stochastic epidemic models on networks are inherently high-dimensional and the resulting exact models are intractable numerically even for modest network sizes. Mean-field models provide an alternative but can only capture average quantities, thus offering little or no information about variability in the outcome of the exact process. In this article, we conjecture and numerically demonstrate that it is possible to construct partial differential equation (PDE)-limits of the exact stochastic susceptible-infected-susceptible epidemics on Regular, Erdős–Rényi, Barabási–Albert networks and lattices. To do this, we first approximate the exact stochastic process at population level by a Birth-and-Death process (BD) (with a state space of $O(N)$ rather than $O(2^N)$) whose coefficients are determined numerically from Gillespie simulations of the exact epidemic on explicit networks. We numerically demonstrate that the coefficients of the resulting BD process are density-dependent, a crucial condition for the existence of a PDE limit. Extensive numerical tests for Regular, Erdős–Rényi, Barabási–Albert networks and lattices show excellent agreement between the outcome of simulations and the numerical solution of the Fokker–Planck equations. Apart from a significant reduction in dimensionality, the PDE also provides the means to derive the epidemic outbreak threshold linking network and disease dynamics parameters, albeit in an implicit way. Perhaps more importantly, it enables the formulation and numerical evaluation of likelihoods for epidemic and network inference as illustrated in a fully worked out example.

Do researchers impact their study populations? Assessing the effect of field procedures in a long term population monitoring of sea kraits

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 365-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Fauvel ◽  
François Brischoux ◽  
Marine Jeanne Briand ◽  
Xavier Bonnet
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Population Monitoring ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Head Morphology

Long term population monitoring is essential to ecological studies; however, field procedures may disturb individuals. Assessing this topic is important in worldwide declining taxa such as reptiles. Previous studies focussed on animal welfare issues and examined short-term effects (e.g. increase of stress hormones due to handling). Long-term effects with possible consequences at the population level remain poorly investigated. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of widely used field procedures (e.g. handling, marking, forced regurgitation) both on short-term (hormonal stress response) and on long-term (changes in body condition, survival) scales in two intensively monitored populations of sea kraits (Laticauda spp.) in New Caledonia. Focusing on the most intensively monitored sites, from 2002 to 2012, we gathered approximately 11 200 captures/recaptures on 4500 individuals. Each snake was individually marked (scale clipping + branding) and subjected to various measurements (e.g. body size, head morphology, palpation). In addition, a subsample of more than 500 snakes was forced to regurgitate their prey for dietary analyses. Handling caused a significant stress hormonal response, however we found no detrimental long-term effect on body condition. Forced regurgitation did not cause any significant effect on both body condition one year later and survival. These results suggest that the strong short-term stress provoked by field procedures did not translate into negative effects on the population. Although similar analyses are required to test the validity of our conclusions in other species, our results suggest distinguishing welfare and population issues to evaluate the potential impact of population surveys.

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