scholarly journals Fungal effector Jsi1 hijacks plant JA/ET signaling through Topless

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Darino ◽  
Joana Marques ◽  
Khong-Sam Chia ◽  
David Aleksza ◽  
Luz Mayela Soto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Species ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Ethylene Response Factor ◽  
Sporisorium Scitamineum ◽  
Binding Factor ◽  
Colonization Process ◽  
Ear Motif ◽  
Wd40 Domain ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
Responsive Element

AbstractUstilago maydis (U. maydis) is the causal agent of maize smut disease. During the colonization process, the fungus secretes effector proteins which suppress immune responses and redirect the host-metabolism in favor of the pathogen. Here we describe a novel strategy by which U. maydis induces plant jasmonate/ethylene (JA/ET) hormone signaling and thereby biotrophic susceptibility. The U. maydis effector Jasmonate/Ethylene signaling inducer 1 (Jsi1) possesses an ethylene-responsive element binding factor-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) motif, DLNxxP, which interacts with the second WD40 domain of the conserved plant co-repressor family Topless/Topless related (TPL/TPR). Jsi1 interaction with TPL/TPRs leads to derepression of the ethylene response factor (ERF) branch of the JA/ET signaling pathway, supporting biotrophic susceptibility. Jsi1 likely activates the ERF branch by interfering with the binding of endogenous DLNxxP motif-containing ERF transcription factors to TPL/TPR proteins. The identification of effector proteins possessing a DLNxxP motif in different fungal species with biotrophic and hemibiotrophic lifestyles together with the validation of the interaction between such effectors from Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae), Sporisorium scitamineum (S. scitamineum), and S. reilianum with TPL proteins indicates the convergent evolution of effectors for modulating the TPL/TPR co-repressor hub.

scholarly journals The EAR Motif in the Arabidopsis MADS Transcription Factor AGAMOUS-Like 15 Is Not Necessary to Promote Somatic Embryogenesis

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 758
Author(s):  
Sanjay Joshi ◽  
Christian Keller ◽  
Sharyn E. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Domain Family ◽  
Binding Factor ◽  
Ear Motif ◽  
Carboxyl Terminal ◽  
Responsive Element ◽  
Carboxy Terminal

AGAMOUS-like 15 (AGL15) is a member of the MADS domain family of transcription factors (TFs) that can directly induce and repress target gene expression, and for which promotion of somatic embryogenesis (SE) is positively correlated with accumulation. An ethylene-responsive element binding factor-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) motif of form LxLxL within the carboxyl-terminal domain of AGL15 was shown to be involved in repression of gene expression. Here, we examine whether AGL15′s ability to repress gene expression is needed to promote SE. While a form of AGL15 where the LxLxL is changed to AxAxA can still promote SE, another form with a strong transcriptional activator at the carboxy-terminal end, does not promote SE and, in fact, is detrimental to SE development. Select target genes were examined for response to the different forms of AGL15.

scholarly journals Disease-Specific Expression of Host Genes During Downy Mildew Infection of Arabidopsis

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1104-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin P. Huibers ◽  
Mark de Jong ◽  
René W. Dekter ◽  
Guido Van den Ackerveken
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Ethylene Response Factor ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Transcription Factor Genes ◽  
Responsive Element ◽  
Hyaloperonospora Arabidopsidis ◽  
Incompatible Interactions

Here, we report on the identification of Arabidopsis genes that are induced during compatible but not during incompatible interactions with the downy mildew pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. This set of so-called compatible specific (CS) genes contrasts with the large group of defense-associated genes that is differentially expressed during both compatible and incompatible interactions. From the 17 identified CS genes, 6 belong to the ethylene response factor (ERF) family of transcription factor genes, suggesting that these ERF have a role during compatibility. The majority of CS genes are differentially regulated in response to various forms of abiotic stress. In silico analysis of the CS genes revealed an over-representation of dehydration-responsive element/C-repeat binding factor (DREB1A/CBF3) binding sites and EveningElement motifs in their promoter regions. The CS-ERF are closely related to the CBF transcription factors and could potentially bind the DREB1A/CBF3 promoter elements in the CS genes. Transcript levels of CS genes peak at 2 to 3 days postinoculation, when pathogen growth is highest, and decline at later stages of infection. The induction of several CS genes was found to be isolate specific. This suggests that the identified CS genes could be the direct or indirect targets of downy mildew effector proteins that promote disease susceptibility.

scholarly journals Regulation of protamine gene expression in an in vitro homologous system.

1996 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Jankowski ◽  
P D Cannon ◽  
F Van der Hoorn ◽  
L D Wasilewska ◽  
N C Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
In Vitro Transcription ◽  
Tata Box ◽  
Transcription System ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Binding Factor ◽  
Gc Box ◽  
Responsive Element

An in vitro transcription system from the trout testis nuclei was developed to study trout protamine gene expression. The protamine promoter contains, among others, two regulatory elements: 1) a cAMP-responsive element or CRE element (TGACGTCA) which is present in position 5' to TATA box, and 2) GC box (CCGCCC) which is present in position 3' to TATA box. The removal of the CRE-binding protein by titration (by the addition of appropriate oligonucleotides to the incubation mixture) resulted in a decrease in transcription of the protamine gene. These results were confirmed by experiments in which the pure CRE-binding factor (TPBP1) was used, as well as by those where a stimulatory effect of cAMP on protamine promoter transcription was observed. On the other hand, addition of oligonucleotides containing the GC-box sequence enhanced the protamine gene transcription indicating that the protein (Sp1 like) which binds to this sequence acts as a repressor of protamine gene expression. These results confirm the previously proposed model which suggested that the GC box played a role in negative regulation of the protamine gene expression. Involvement of some other factors in this process was also discussed.

scholarly journals An AC-Rich Bean Element Serves as an Ethylene-Responsive Element in Arabidopsis

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1033
Author(s):  
Chunying Wang ◽  
Tingting Lin ◽  
Mengqi Wang ◽  
Xiaoting Qi
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Proteins ◽  
Ethylene Response Factor ◽  
Response Factor ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Gcc Box ◽  
Ethylene Response ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Responsive Element ◽  
Transcription Factor 1

Ethylene-responsive elements (EREs), such as the GCC box, are critical for ethylene-regulated transcription in plants. Our previous work identified a 19-bp AC-rich element (ACE) in the promoter of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) metal response element-binding transcription factor 1 (PvMTF-1). Ethylene response factor 15 (PvERF15) directly binds ACE to enhance PvMTF-1 expression. As a novel ERF-binding element, ACE exhibits a significant difference from the GCC box. Here, we demonstrated that ACE serves as an ERE in Arabidopsis. It conferred the minimal promoter to respond to the ethylene stress and inhibition of ethylene. Moreover, the cis-acting element ACE could specifically bind the nuclear proteins in vitro. We further revealed that the first 9-bp sequence of ACE (ACEcore) is importantly required by the binding of nuclear proteins. In addition, PvERF15 and PvMTF-1 were strongly induced by ethylene in bean seedlings. Since PvERF15 activates PvMTF-1 via ACE, ACE is involved in ethylene-induced PvMTF-1 expression. Taken together, our findings provide genetic and biochemical evidence for a new ERE.

scholarly journals Copy number variants in kiwifruit ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR/APETALA2 (ERF/AP2)-like genes show divergence in fruit ripening associated cold and ethylene responses in C-REPEAT/DRE BINDING FACTOR-like genes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. e0216120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kularajathevan Gunaseelan ◽  
Peter A. McAtee ◽  
Simona Nardozza ◽  
Paul Pidakala ◽  
Ruiling Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Copy Number Variants ◽  
Ethylene Response Factor ◽  
Response Factor ◽  
Ethylene Response ◽  
Binding Factor

scholarly journals A New Front in Microbial Warfare—Delivery of Antifungal Effectors by the Type VI Secretion System

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Trunk ◽  
Sarah J. Coulthurst ◽  
Janet Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Secretion System ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Type Vi Secretion System ◽  
Type Vi Secretion ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Polymicrobial Communities

Microbes typically exist in mixed communities and display complex synergistic and antagonistic interactions. The Type VI secretion system (T6SS) is widespread in Gram-negative bacteria and represents a contractile nano-machine that can fire effector proteins directly into neighbouring cells. The primary role assigned to the T6SS is to function as a potent weapon during inter-bacterial competition, delivering antibacterial effectors into rival bacterial cells. However, it has recently emerged that the T6SS can also be used as a powerful weapon against fungal competitors, and the first fungal-specific T6SS effector proteins, Tfe1 and Tfe2, have been identified. These effectors act via distinct mechanisms against a variety of fungal species to cause cell death. Tfe1 intoxication triggers plasma membrane depolarisation, whilst Tfe2 disrupts nutrient uptake and induces autophagy. Based on the frequent coexistence of bacteria and fungi in microbial communities, we propose that T6SS-dependent antifungal activity is likely to be widespread and elicited by a suite of antifungal effectors. Supporting this hypothesis, homologues of Tfe1 and Tfe2 are found in other bacterial species, and a number of T6SS-elaborating species have been demonstrated to interact with fungi. Thus, we envisage that antifungal T6SS will shape many polymicrobial communities, including the human microbiota and disease-causing infections.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Dehydration-Responsive Element-Binding Factor 2C (MsDREB2C) from Malus sieversii Roem.

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 1415-1430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Zhao ◽  
Xinjie Shen ◽  
Huazhao Yuan ◽  
Yun Liu ◽  
Xiong Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malus Sieversii ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Binding Factor ◽  
Responsive Element

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Analysis of Ethylene-Responsive Element Binding Factor-Associated Amphiphilic Repression Motif-Containing Transcriptional Regulators in Arabidopsis

2010 ◽  
Vol 152 (3) ◽  
pp. 1109-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sateesh Kagale ◽  
Matthew G. Links ◽  
Kevin Rozwadowski
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulators ◽  
Genome Wide Analysis ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Binding Factor ◽  
Responsive Element
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