scholarly journals Barking up the right tree: Univariate and multivariate fMRI analyses of homonym comprehension

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Hoffman ◽  
Andres Tamm
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Control Function ◽  
Semantic Representation ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Unrelated Word ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Neuroimaging Data ◽  
The Right

AbstractHomonyms are a critical test case for investigating how the brain resolves ambiguity in language and, more generally, how context influences semantic processing. Previous neuroimaging studies have associated processing of homonyms with greater engagement of regions involved in executive control of semantic processing. However, the precise role of these areas and the involvement of semantic representational regions in homonym comprehension remain elusive. We addressed this by combining univariate and multivariate fMRI analyses of homonym processing. We tested whether multi-voxel activation patterns could discriminate between presentations of the same homonym in different contexts (e.g., bark following tree vs. bark following dog). The ventral anterior temporal lobe, implicated in semantic representation but not previously in homonym comprehension, showed this meaning-specific coding, despite not showing increased mean activation for homonyms. Within inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), a key site for semantic control, there was a dissociation between pars orbitalis, which also showed meaning-specific coding, and pars triangularis, which discriminated more generally between semantically related and unrelated word pairs. IFG effects were goal-dependent, only occurring when the task required semantic decisions, in line with a top-down control function. Finally, posterior middle temporal cortex showed a hybrid pattern of responses, supporting the idea that it acts as an interface between semantic representations and the control system. The study provides new evidence for context-dependent coding in the semantic system and clarifies the role of control regions in processing ambiguity. It also highlights the importance of combining univariate and multivariate neuroimaging data to fully elucidate the role of a brain region in semantic cognition.

The role of the right inferior frontal gyrus following reversal of consistent stimulus-stop mappings

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maisy Best ◽  
Tobias Stevens ◽  
Fraser Milton ◽  
Christopher D. Chambers ◽  
Ian P. McLaren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals Studies on semantic priming effects in right hemisphere stroke: A systematic review

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-163
Author(s):  
Juliana de Lima Müller ◽  
Jerusa Fumagalli de Salles
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Right Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right Hemisphere Stroke

ABSTRACT The role of the right cerebral hemisphere (RH) associated with semantic priming effects (SPEs) must be better understood, since the consequences of RH damage on SPE are not yet well established. Objective: The aim of this article was to investigate studies analyzing SPEs in patients affected by stroke in the RH through a systematic review, verifying whether there are deficits in SPEs, and whether performance varies depending on the type of semantic processing evaluated or stimulus in the task. Methods: A search was conducted on the LILACS, PUBMED and PSYCINFO databases. Results: Out of the initial 27 studies identified, 11 remained in the review. Difficulties in SPEs were shown in five studies. Performance does not seem to vary depending on the type of processing, but on the type of stimulus used. Conclusion: This ability should be evaluated in individuals that have suffered a stroke in the RH in order to provide treatments that will contribute to their recovery.

scholarly journals PERANAN WARGA TIONGHOASEBAGAI ANGGOTA LEGISLATIFDI KOTA BATAM TAHUN 1999-2009

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fitri Yanti ◽  
Nunung Krisnawati
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Control Function ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Chinese Community ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Control Functions ◽  
The People ◽  
The Right

The background of this thesis is an increasing number of legislators Batam from Chinese citizens, at the 1999 elections, there were two people who passed to the DPRD Kota Batam, in the elections of 2004 increased to four Chinese citizens who become legislators Batam. It is not independent of their role during the sitting in the legislature as a representative of the people. This study aims to clarify the role of Chinese citizens who sat as a legislative member in Batam 1999-2009This research is a qualitative research, the historical method with the approach of political science. Steps historical research include: first heuristic, there are two sources of data are primary data and secondary data, primary data in this study is a member of the legislative representatives of the Chinese community, Chinese people, community leaders and members of the Commission, the secondary data taken from any books , newspapers and other documents, the authors do critique source consisting of external criticism and internal criticism, the three researchers to interpret, fourth historiography.The results in this study explained that the role of the Chinese community as a member of the legislature in Batam years 1999-2009, the first legislative function is set statutorily in the form of local regulations (Perda), the second control function or supervise the activities of local government in implementing legislation has been agreed , of these control functions legislators have the right to ask questions, interpellation, questionnaires and motions, the three other functions related to the budget or APBD that has been agreed with the local governments when the plenary session.  Keywords: legislative member, chinese societyLatar belakang penelitian ini adalah terjadinya peningkatan jumlah anggota DPRD Kota Batam dari warga Tionghoa, dimana pada pemilu tahun 1999 terdapat dua orang yang lolos menjadi anggota DPRD Kota Batam dan  pada pemilu tahun 2004 mengalami peningkatan menjadi empat orang. Hal ini tentunya tidak terlepas dari peran mereka selama duduk di legislatif sebagai wakil rakyat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan peran warga Tionghoa yang duduk menjadi anggota legislatif di Kota Batam tahun 1999-2009.Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif historis dengan pendekatan ilmu politik.Adapunlangkah-langkah penelitian historis meliputi: pertama heuristik, di dalamnya terdapat dua sumber data yaitu data primer dan data sekunder, data primer dalam penelitian ini adalah anggota legislatif dari perwakilan masyarakat Tionghoa, masyarakat keturunan Tionghoa, tokoh masyarakat dan anggota KPU, data sekunder diambil dari buku-buku, koran dan dokumen lainnya.Kedua, kritik sumber yang terdiri dari kritik ekstern dan kritik intern.Ketiga, interpretasi dan keempat, historiografi.Hasil dalam penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa peranan warga Tionghoa sebagai anggota legislatif di Kota Batam tahun 1999-2009,  pertama fungsi legislasi yaitu mengatur undang-undang dalam bentuk peraturan daerah (Perda), kedua fungsi kontrol atau mengawasi kegiatan pemerintah daerah dalam menjalankan Perda yang telah disepakati, dari fungsi kontrol ini anggota DPRD memiliki hak untuk bertanya, interpelasi, angket dan mosi, ketiga fungsi lainnya yang berkaitan dengan anggaran atau APBD yang telah disepakati bersama pemerintah daerah saat sidang paripurna. Bermainnya peran-peran  tersebut dengan baik, semakin menambah nilai kepercayaan warga Tionghoa  memilih dari kalangan mereka untuk pemilu selanjutnya. Kata Kunci: anggota legislatif, masyarakat tionghoa, kota batam  

scholarly journals Localization of Syntactic and Semantic Brain Responses using Magnetoencephalography

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 1193-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabet Service ◽  
Päivi Helenius ◽  
Sini Maury ◽  
Riitta Salmelin
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Sentence Comprehension ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Word Class ◽  
Sentence Reading ◽  
Word Onset ◽  
Semantic Errors ◽  
The Right

Electrophysiological methods have been used to study the temporal sequence of syntactic and semantic processing during sentence comprehension. Two responses associated with syntactic violations are the left anterior negativity (LAN) and the P600. A response to semantic violation is the N400. Although the sources of the N400 response have been identified in the left (and right) temporal lobe, the neural signatures of the LAN and P600 have not been revealed. The present study used magnetoencephalography to localize sources of syntactic and semantic activation in Finnish sentence reading. Participants were presented with sentences that ended in normally inf lected nouns, nouns in an unacceptable case, verbs instead of nouns, or nouns that were correctly inflected but made no sense in the context. Around 400 msec, semantically anomalous last words evoked strong activation in the left superior temporal lobe with significant activation also for word class errors (N400). Weaker activation was seen for the semantic errors in the right hemisphere. Later, 600-800 msec after word onset, the strongest activation was seen to word class and morphosyntactic errors (P600). Activation was significantly weaker to semantically anomalous and correct words. The P600 syntactic activation was localized to bilateral sources in the temporal lobe, posterior to the N400 sources. The results suggest that the same general region of the superior temporal cortex gives rise to both LAN and N400 with bilateral reactivity to semantic manipulation and a left hemisphere effect to syntactic manipulation. The bilateral P600 response was sensitive to syntactic but not semantic factors.

scholarly journals Task-Dependent Modulation of Regions in the Left Inferior Frontal Cortex during Semantic Processing

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 829-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Roskies ◽  
J. A. Fiez ◽  
D. A. Balota ◽  
M. E. Raichle ◽  
S. E. Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Lexical Processing ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Inferior Frontal Cortex ◽  
Semantic Judgment ◽  
The Right

To distinguish areas involved in the processing of word meaning (semantics) from other regions involved in lexical processing more generally, subjects were scanned with positron emission tomography (PET) while performing lexical tasks, three of which required varying degrees of semantic analysis and one that required phonological analysis. Three closely apposed regions in the left inferior frontal cortex and one in the right cerebellum were significantly active above baseline in the semantic tasks, but not in the nonsemantic task. The activity in two of the frontal regions was modulated by the difficulty of the semantic judgment. Other regions, including some in the left temporal cortex and the cerebellum, were active across all four language tasks. Thus, in addition to a number of regions known to be active during language processing, regions in the left inferior frontal cortex were specifically recruited during semantic processing in a task-dependent manner. A region in the right cerebellum may be functionally related to those in the left inferior frontal cortex. Discussion focuses on the implications of these results for current views regarding neural substrates of semantic processing.

Disrupting the right pars opercularis with electrical stimulation frees the song: case report

2015 ◽  
Vol 123 (6) ◽  
pp. 1401-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Herbet ◽  
Gilles Lafargue ◽  
Fabien Almairac ◽  
Sylvie Moritz-Gasser ◽  
François Bonnetblanc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Production ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Awake Surgery ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Speech Impairment ◽  
First Case ◽  
Pars Opercularis ◽  
The Right

The authors report the first case of a strikingly unusual speech impairment evoked by intraoperative electrostimulation in a 36-year-old right-handed patient, a well-trained singer, who underwent awake surgery for a right fronto-temporo-insular low-grade glioma. Functionally disrupting the pars opercularis of the right inferior frontal gyrus led the patient to automatically switch from a speaking to a singing mode of language production. Given the central role of the right pars opercularis in the inhibitory control network, the authors propose that this finding may be interpreted as possible evidence for a competitive and independent neurocognitive subnetwork devoted to the melodically intoned articulation of words (normal language-based vs singing-based) in subjects with high expertise. From a more clinical perspective, such data may have implications for awake neurosurgery, especially to preserve the quality of life for singers.

Cross-modal Processing in the Occipito-temporal Cortex: A TMS Study of the Müller-Lyer Illusion

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1987-1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavia Mancini ◽  
Nadia Bolognini ◽  
Emanuela Bricolo ◽  
Giuseppe Vallar
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Visual Modality ◽  
Lateral Occipital Complex ◽  
Lyer Illusion ◽  
Superior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Neural Underpinnings ◽  
The Right ◽  
Underlying Processes

The Müller-Lyer illusion occurs both in vision and in touch, and transfers cross-modally from vision to haptics [Mancini, F., Bricolo, E., & Vallar, G. Multisensory integration in the Müller-Lyer illusion: From vision to haptics. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 63, 818–830, 2010]. Recent evidence suggests that the neural underpinnings of the Müller-Lyer illusion in the visual modality involve the bilateral lateral occipital complex (LOC) and right superior parietal cortex (SPC). Conversely, the neural correlates of the haptic and cross-modal illusions have never been investigated previously. Here we used repetitive TMS (rTMS) to address the causal role of the regions activated by the visual illusion in the generation of the visual, haptic, and cross-modal visuo-haptic illusory effects, investigating putative modality-specific versus cross-modal underlying processes. rTMS was administered to the right and the left hemisphere, over occipito-temporal cortex or SPC. rTMS over left and right occipito-temporal cortex impaired both unisensory (visual, haptic) and cross-modal processing of the illusion in a similar fashion. Conversely, rTMS interference over left and right SPC did not affect the illusion in any modality. These results demonstrate the causal involvement of bilateral occipito-temporal cortex in the representation of the visual, haptic, and cross-modal Müller-Lyer illusion, in favor of the hypothesis of shared underlying processes. This indicates that occipito-temporal cortex plays a cross-modal role in perception both of illusory and nonillusory shapes.

scholarly journals The role of the right inferior frontal gyrus in the pathogenesis of post-stroke psychosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 261 (3) ◽  
pp. 600-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Devine ◽  
Paul Bentley ◽  
Brynmor Jones ◽  
Gary Hotton ◽  
Richard J. Greenwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
The Right

Lateralised semantic and indirect semantic priming effects in people with schizophrenia

1998 ◽  
Vol 172 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Weisbrod ◽  
Sabine Maier ◽  
Sabine Harig ◽  
Ulrike Himmelsbach ◽  
Manfred Spitzer
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Semantic Associations ◽  
The Right

BackgroundIn schizophrenia, disturbances in the development of physiological hemisphere asymmetry are assumed to play a pathogenetic role. The most striking difference between hemispheres is in language processing. The left hemisphere is superior in the use of syntactic or semantic information, whereas the right hemisphere uses contextual information more effectively.MethodUsing psycholinguistic experimental techniques, semantic associations were examined in 38 control subjects, 24 non-thought-disordered and 16 thought-disordered people with schizophrenia, for both hemispheres separately.ResultsDirect semantic priming did not differ between the hemispheres in any of the groups. Only thought-disordered people showed significant indirect semantic priming in the left hemisphere.ConclusionsThe results support: (a) a prominent role of the right hemisphere for remote associations; (b) enhanced spreading of semantic associations in thought-disordered subjects; and (c) disorganisation of the functional asymmetry of semantic processing in thought-disordered subjects.

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