scholarly journals In vitro induced floral reversion in switchgrass (Panicum Virgatum L.)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongfeng Wang ◽  
Kunliang Xie ◽  
Fengli Sun ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Shudong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Vegetative Filter Strips ◽  
Panicum Virgatum L

AbstractSwitchgrass (Panicum Virgatum L.) is a warm-season perennial grass native to North America, it was used as forage and vegetative filter strips in early days, and have developed into a bioenergy crop in recent years. In this study, we found that the switchgrass cultivar ‘Alamo’ at elongation stage 4 have developed inflorescences about 1 cm in length, and in vitro incubation of the shoot apexes harboring inflorescences on Murashige and Skoog’s basal medium supplemented with 3 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine generated multiple shoot clumps. Anatomical study showed that some of the regenerated shoots originated from axillary buds on the explants, some of them originated from adventurous buds and some of them originated from young florets. Further study of shoots originated from young florets found that the floral organs degenerated or developed into leaf-like organs, and the flower terminal transformed into a vegetative shoot apical meristem, that’s to say these shoots arise from flower reversion. In vitro induction of floral reversion provided a novel protocol to manipulate flower development in switchgrass, which might contribute a fundamental for flower development study in switchgrass and other plants.

scholarly journals Genetic Variation for Biomass Yield and Predicted Genetic Gain in Lowland Switchgrass “Kanlow”

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1845
Author(s):  
Santosh Nayak ◽  
Hem Bhandari ◽  
Carl Sams ◽  
Virginia Sykes ◽  
Haileab Hilafu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Bioenergy Feedstock ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a warm-season, perennial grass valued as a promising candidate species for bioenergy feedstock production. Biomass yield is the most important trait for any bioenergy feedstock. This study was focused on understanding the genetics underlying biomass yield and feedstock quality traits in a “Kanlow” population. The objectives of this study were to (i) assess genetic variation (ii) estimate the narrow sense heritability, and (iii) predict genetic gain per cycle of selection for biomass yield and the components of lignocelluloses. Fifty-four Kanlow half-sib (KHS) families along with Kanlow check were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at two locations in Tennessee: Knoxville and Crossville. The data were recorded for two consecutive years: 2013 and 2014. The result showed a significant genetic variation for biomass yield (p < 0.05), hemicellulose concentration (p < 0.05), and lignin concentration (p < 0.01). The narrow sense heritability estimates for biomass yield was very low (0.10), indicating a possible challenge to improve this trait. A genetic gain of 16.5% is predicted for biomass yield in each cycle of selection by recombining parental clones of 10% of superior progenies.

scholarly journals In vitro Multiple Shoot Regeneration from Petunia hybrida

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 1554
Author(s):  
Rebaz Rasul Habas ◽  
Musa Turker ◽  
Fethi Ahmet Ozdemir
Keyword(s):  
Petunia Hybrida ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Shoot Number

An efficient plant regeneration protocol was developed from in vitro germinated seeds of Petunia hybrida an ornamentally important plant in the family Solanaceae. Shoot tip and node explants of Petunia hybrida were cultured on MS basal medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of Benzyl amino purine (BAP), 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and Gibberellic acid (GA3). The highest shoot length was obtained from MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l BAP + 1 mg/l NAA. The highest shoot number (3 shoots/explant) were obtained from MS medium supplemented with 0.6 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l IBA. The isolated shoots were transferred to MS basal medium supplemented with different concentrations of GA3 ranging from 0.05, 0.2, 0.5 and 1 mg/l for shoot elongation. The highest shoot length (5.75 cm) was recorded from the MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/l GA3 +0.2 mg/l BAP. Rooting of regenerated shoots were achieved on MS medium supplemented with 0.1-1 mg/1 IBA and NAA. The regenerated shoots with well developed roots were successfully acclimatized and established in pots containing sterilized peat moss and grown under laboratory conditions with 70% survival rates.

scholarly journals Micropropagation and Field Establishment of Hexastylis shuttleworthii (Britten & Baker) Small

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 462A-462
Author(s):  
Sherry Kitto ◽  
Jeanne Frett
Keyword(s):  
Basal Medium ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Plant Survival ◽  
Rooting Medium ◽  
Better Than

Hexastylis shuttleworthii is a highly ornamental shade-tolerant evergreen herbaceous plant native to the southeastern U.S. that is difficult to propagate using traditional methods. Micropropagation would make possible the wider distribution of selected clones. Seeds were surface-sterilized and germinated in vitro. Seedling clones were maintained on a MS basal medium containing 1 mg/L BA and were subcultured monthly. Proliferation of clones 2 and 3, maintained on media supplemented with 1, 2.5 or 5 mg/L BA for 6 months, increased slightly with increasing BA concentration; however, proliferation decreased slightly over the experimental period. Rooting medium (perlite, vermiculite, MetroMix 510, Bacto Growers Mix) did not effect microcutting root production or subsequent plant survival. Microcuttings rooted in vitro (67% survival) generated more leaves compared to microcuttings rooted under humidity domes with mist in the greenhouse (8% survival). After rooting in vitro, multiple-shoot clumps (95%) survived better than individual shoots (29%) under greenhouse conditions. Plants were easily established when planted in raised beds in a lath house.

scholarly journals The Potential of Switchgrass and Miscanthus to Enhance Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration—Predicted by DayCent Model

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 509
Author(s):  
Marek Jarecki ◽  
Kumudinie Kariyapperuma ◽  
Bill Deen ◽  
Jordan Graham ◽  
Amir Behzad Bazrgar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Panicum Virgatum L ◽  
Rcp 8.5 ◽  
Daycent Model ◽  
Soc Stocks

Warm season perennial C4 grasses (WSGs), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and miscanthus species (Miscanthus spp.), have been reported to positively influence short-term (15–20 years) soil organic carbon (SOC). In this study, the DayCent model was used to predict changes in long-term SOC stocks under WSGs for moderate (Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5) and high (RCP 8.5) warming climate change scenarios in southern Ontario, Canada, and to determine how long the enhanced SOC stock will last when WSGs are converted back to annual crop rotation. The model predicted that a consistent corn–corn–soybean–winter wheat (CCSW) rotation prevented SOC from depletion over the 21st century. Under WSGs, the model predicted high rates of SOC sequestration during the first 20–30 years which then tended to stabilize after 50–60 years. However, the rate of SOC sequestration over 90 years for RCP 4.5 was 0.26 and 0.94 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 for switchgrass and miscanthus, respectively. If 40-year stands of WSGs are converted back to CCSW, the model predicted SOC decline to the previous level in 40–50 years. DayCent predicted that under RCP 8.5 scenario in the second half of the 21st century and in the future, there will be a reduction in SOC stocks, especially under miscanthus stands.

scholarly journals In vitro production of banana plantlets and their validation at hill valleys

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
MMH Molla ◽  
D Khanam ◽  
ZA Firoz ◽  
SP Chakma ◽  
SC Halder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Shoot Production ◽  
Hill District ◽  
Planting Materials ◽  
Vitro Production ◽  
Bunch Yield

Performances of tissue cultured (TC) plantlets of BARI Kola-3 and BARI Kola-4 were evaluated against transplanting of conventional (CON) sucker at hill valleys during July 2011 to December 2014. The plantlets were produced at Biotech Lab, BARI Gazipur and validation trial was conducted at Ramgarh, Khagrachari hill district during March-April and September-October planting seasons (2011-14). Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented @ 3 mg 1-l and 5 mg l-1 BAP showed the best performance for multiple shoot production in BARI Kola-3 and BARI Kola-4, respectively. Both the varieties produced well developed roots in ½MS medium supplemented @ 0.5 mg 1-l IBA. Among the plantlets 98.5% plantlets were survived when hardened 7 days under polyethylene tunnel after 5 days hardening at room temperature but 100% plantlets died when transplanted plantlets were kept in open conditions at the nursery. 45 day - old healthy plantlets were planted at hill valleys in September-October and April-May planting seasons. BARI Kola-3 produced the highest 45.67 and 44.05 t ha-1 bunch yield at April-May and September-October planting, respectively. The highest 55.89 t ha-1 bunch yield was recorded from TC BARI Kola-4 in March-April planting followed by 49.67 t ha-1 in September-October Planting. TC BARI Kola-3 and BARI Kola-4 produced 3.68 and 12.52% higher yields in March-April planting, respectively than September-October planting. In case of planting materials, TC BARI Kola-3 and TC BARI Kola-4 produced 23.43 and 20.33% higher yield over CON suckered plant in March-April planting. On the other hand, TC BARI Kola-3 and TC BARI Kola-4 also produced 12.34 and 9.35% higher yield than CON Suckered plant in September-October planting. Similarly, TC BARI Kola-4 produced 28.33% higher yield than CON suckered BARI Kola-4 in March-April planting. In every case, TC plants showed better performances than the CON suckered plant.SAARC J. Agri., 15(1): 67-76 (2017)

scholarly journals Influence of Sucrose on Growth and [6]-Gingerol Production of In vitro-Grown Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eufrocinio C Marfori ◽  
Mary Jane C Dela Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Zingiber Officinale Roscoe

The effect of sucrose on growth and [6]-gingerol production of in vitro- grown Zingiber officinale was investigated. Individual shoots from multiple shoot clumps were cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with varying amounts of sucrose, i.e. 30, 60, 90 and 120 g/L. After three months of incubation, the growth and [6]-gingerol production of the cultures were compared. Results showed an increasing number of microrhizomes formed in response to increasing concentration of sucrose from 30-90 g/L except at a higher concentration of 120 g/L which was found to be already inhibitory. Likewise, the highest [6]-gingerol production was observed in medium supplemented with 90 g/L sucrose suggesting a positive correlation of [6]-gingerol production with the number of microrhizomes. These results suggest that sucrose concentration can be manipulated to improve [6]-gingerol production in ginger tissue culture.

Electron Microscope studies (TEM and SEM) of in vitro multiplication of Lavandula stoechas L.: I. regeneration from seedling shoot apex explants

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 684-685
Author(s):  
J. F. Mesquita ◽  
M. L. Guimarães ◽  
J.D. Santos Dias
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Apex ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Distal Segment ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Lavandula Stoechas ◽  
Shoot Apex Explants ◽  
Electron Microscopes

Available data concerning “in vitro” multiplication of Lavandula sps. are scarce and do not involve cytological studies. In this work, shoot initiation from shoot apex explants of Lavandula stoechas is analysed, for the first time, in light and electron microscopes (TEM, SEM). Following habitual sterilization, seeds of Lavandula stoechas were germinated on MS basal medium with 2% sucrose (W/v). From 9-days old seedlings, explants (shoot tips including a small distal segment of hypocotyl - fig. 1) were aseptically excised and cultivated in that basal medium added with organic components as in B5 medium of Gamborg et al., 10% (V/v) of coconut milk, 0.8% of agar and benzyl-amino-purine (BAP) at different concentrations (0-4 mg/1). The pH was adjusted to 5.6 and cultures were maintained at 25±1°C with fluorescent light (2000 lux) for 16 h/day.High frequency of multiple shoot formation was achieved on media supplemented with BAP, the concentration of 1mg/l showing to be the optimal one (Table 1).

scholarly journals In vitro Regeneration and Flower Induction on Solanum nigrum L. from Pachamalai hills of Eastern Ghats

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amzad Basha Kolar ◽  
L . Vivekanandan ◽  
Ghouse Basha M
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Multiple Shoots ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Solanum Nigrum ◽  
In Vitro Flowering ◽  
Eastern Ghats ◽  
Solanum Nigrum L

 Explants of Solanum nigrum L., collected from Pachamalai hills callused successfully on MS basal medium supplemented with IAA and BAP. The highest frequency of green compact callus and multiple shoots were obtained on MS containing 2.0 mg/l IAA and 0.5 mg/l BAP. The callus when cultured on MS basal medium fortified with different concentrations of BAP (3.0 - 8.0 mg/l) and IAA (0.5 mg/l) showed multiple shoot formation. The highest frequency of multiple shoots was obtained on MS containing 6.0 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l IAA. For in vitro flowering, the node explants were cultured on MS fortified with different concentrations of BAP (2.0 - 7.0 mg/l) and NAA (0.5 mg/l). The highest number of multiple shoots were obtained in MS supplemented with 6.0 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l NAA. The in vitro flowering was observed on MS containing 2,4-D and BAP 1.5 mg/l, respectively. The best rooting was obtained on MS containing 0.5 mg/l IBA. The well-rooted plants were hardened and finally planted in the garden.  Key words: In vitro studies, Medicinal plant, Solanum nigrum, Node, Callus D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v18i1.3264 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 18(1): 43-48, 2008 (June)

scholarly journals In vitro propagation of pointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.) through encapsulated shoot tips

1970 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Malek
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Alginate Beads ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Artificial Seed ◽  
Pointed Gourd

Plants were regenerated from encapsulated shoot tips of pointed gourd. Shoot tips isolated from multiple shoot cultures of AM-8 and AM-15 cultivars of pointed gourd were encapsulated in sodium alginate beads. For germination and shoot proliferation, encapsulated shoot tips (artificial seed) were cultured in MS basal medium containing different concentrations and combinations of BAP and NAA. Use of MS medium resulted in 90% conversion of encapsulated shoot tips into plantlets. The results exhibited that BAP and combinations of BAP and NAA play an important role in germination of artificial seed being encapsulated by sodium alginate beads. The plantlets were successfully established in earthen pot. Under the present study, limited experimental efforts have been made to establish the protocol for encapsulating the shoot tips for the production of artificial seed and their subsequent regeneration. It is the first report in Bangladesh in developing artificial seed production technique using vegetative tissue of pointed gourd. Key Words: In vitro propagation; pointed gourd; shoot tips. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v34i4.5832Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(4) : 555-563, December 2009

scholarly journals In Vitro and Cryobiotechnology Approaches to Safeguard Lupinus rivularis Douglas ex Lindl., an Endangered Plant in Canada

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Elena V. Popova ◽  
Mukund R. Shukla ◽  
Terry McIntosh ◽  
Praveen K. Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Endangered Species ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Natural Habitats

Conservation of threatened flora in genetic collections ex situ using in vitro culture and cryopreservation is receiving an increasing recognition as a complementary strategy to in situ conservation in natural habitats. The present study is focused on an integrated approach which involves conservation and propagation, emphasizing the usefulness of cryopreservation techniques for germplasm conservation of streambank lupine (Lupinus rivularis Douglas ex Lindl.), an endangered species in Canada. This included in vitro seed germination on Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with 1 µM thidiazuron to induce multiple shoot formation, micropropagation on a medium with 5 µM benzylaminopurine, and in vitro rooting on medium with 20.0 µM indole-3-butyric acid. Cryopreservation of seeds and shoot tips of in vitro grown plants was successful with over 60% seed germination and 62% regrowth of cryopreserved shoot tips, respectively. Plants developed from cryopreserved seeds had chlorophyll contents in leaves and the growth characteristics including the development of inflorescence, similar to plants raised from non-cryopreserved seeds. These results provide further evidence that the combination of micropropagation with cryopreservation of seeds and vegetative parts may effectively facilitate long-term preservation of L. rivularis and other endangered species.

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