NANOGrav signal from first-order confinement-deconfinement phase transition in different QCD-matter scenarios

We study the pure-gauge QCD phase transition at filnite temperatures in the dual QCD theory, an effective theory of QCD based on the magnetic symmetry. We formulate the effective thermodynamical potential for filnite temperatures using the path-integral formalism in order to investigate the properties of the pure-gauge QCD vacuum. Thermal effects bring a first-order deconfinement phase transition.

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WETTING OF HOT GLUONS

International Journal of Modern Physics C ◽

10.1142/s0129183192000609 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 03 (05) ◽

pp. 939-946 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

U.-J. WIESE

Keyword(s):

Phase Transition ◽

High Temperature ◽

Gauge Theory ◽

Bubble Nucleation ◽

Polyakov Loop ◽

Effective Theory ◽

Complete Wetting ◽

First Order ◽

Pure Gauge Theory ◽

Deconfinement Phase Transition

In the SU(3) pure gauge theory the high temperature deconfinement phase transition is first order. At the transition the confined phase coexists with three distinct deconfined phases. The interfaces separating the various phases show universal critical behavior when the confined phase completely wets the deconfined-deconfined interfaces. The critical exponents of complete wetting are derived from an interface solution of a Z(3) symmetric effective theory for the Polyakov loop. When complete wetting occurs in the pure glue theory the deconfinement transition proceeds via domain wall splitting. When quarks are present wetting disappears and the standard bubble nucleation scenario applies.

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Dark confinement-deconfinement phase transition: a roadmap from Polyakov loop models to gravitational waves

Journal of High Energy Physics ◽

10.1007/jhep09(2021)060 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Zhaofeng Kang ◽

Jiang Zhu ◽

Shinya Matsuzaki

Keyword(s):

Phase Transition ◽

Gravitational Wave ◽

Gravitational Waves ◽

Latent Heat ◽

Polyakov Loop ◽

Thermodynamic Quantities ◽

Point Interactions ◽

Yang Mills ◽

First Order ◽

Deconfinement Phase Transition

Abstract We explore the confinement-deconfinement phase transition (PT) of the first order (FO) arising in SU(N) pure Yang-Mills theory, based on Polyakov loop models (PLMs), in light of the induced gravitational wave (GW) spectra. We demonstrate that the PLMs with the Haar measure term, involving models successful in QCD with N = 3, are potentially incompatible with the large N scaling for the thermodynamic quantities and the latent heat at around the criticality of the FOPT reported from the lattice simulations. We then propose a couple of models of polynomial form, which we call the 4-6 PLM (with four- and six-point interactions among the basic PL fields which have center charge 1) and 4-8 PLM (with four- and eight-point interactions), and discuss how such models can naturally arise in the presence of a heavy PL with charge 2. We show that those models give the consistent thermodynamic and large N properties at around the criticality. The predicted GW spectra are shown to have high enough sensitivity to be probed in the future prospected interferometers such as BBO and DECIGO.

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Evidence of a first order deconfinement phase transition for finite temperature SU(4) gauge theory

Physics Letters B ◽

10.1016/0370-2693(84)91289-9 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 144 (5-6) ◽

pp. 409-416 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

J.F. Wheater ◽

Mark Gross

Keyword(s):

Phase Transition ◽

Gauge Theory ◽

Finite Temperature ◽

First Order ◽

Deconfinement Phase Transition

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Surface ordering and destruction of the first order phase transition smectic A-smectic C* in free standing smectic films

Journal de Physique II ◽

10.1051/jp2:1994237 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 4 (10) ◽

pp. 1865-1874 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

E. Demikhov ◽

U. Hoffmann ◽

H. Stegemeyer

Keyword(s):

Phase Transition ◽

Order Phase Transition ◽

Free Standing ◽

First Order ◽

Surface Ordering ◽

Smectic A ◽

Smectic C ◽

First Order Phase Transition ◽

First Order Phase

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Exploring Baryon Rich Matter with Heavy-Ion Collisions

Ukrainian Journal of Physics ◽

10.15407/ujpe64.7.583 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 64 (7) ◽

pp. 583 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. Harabasz

Keyword(s):

Center Of Mass ◽

Heavy Ion ◽

State Density ◽

Heavy Nuclei ◽

First Order ◽

Center Of Mass Energy ◽

Ion Collisions ◽

Deconfinement Phase Transition ◽

Ground State Density

Collisions of heavy nuclei at (ultra-)relativistic energies provide a fascinating opportunity to re-create various forms of matter in the laboratory. For a short extent of time (10-22 s), matter under extreme conditions of temperature and density can exist. In dedicated experiments, one explores the microscopic structure of strongly interacting matter and its phase diagram. In heavy-ion reactions at SIS18 collision energies, matter is substantially compressed (2–3 times ground-state density), while moderate temperatures are reached (T < 70 MeV). The conditions closely resemble those that prevail, e.g., in neutron star mergers. Matter under such conditions is currently being studied at the High Acceptance DiElecton Spectrometer (HADES). Important topics of the research program are the mechanisms of strangeness production, the emissivity of matter, and the role of baryonic resonances herein. In this contribution, we will focus on the important experimental results obtained by HADES in Au+Au collisions at 2.4 GeV center-of-mass energy. We will also present perspectives for future experiments with HADES and CBM at SIS100, where higher beam energies and intensities will allow for the studies of the first-order deconfinement phase transition and its critical endpoint.

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Electric properties of olive oil under pressure

European Food Research and Technology ◽

10.1007/s00217-021-03761-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

L. T. Pawlicki ◽

R. M. Siegoczyński ◽

S. Ptasznik ◽

K. Marszałek

Keyword(s):

Molecular Structure ◽

Phase Transition ◽

Phase Diagram ◽

Phase Transitions ◽

Olive Oil ◽

Material Parameters ◽

First Order ◽

Long Time ◽

Capacitive Reactance ◽

First Order Phase

AbstractThe main purpose of the experiment was a thermodynamic research with use of the electric methods chosen. The substance examined was olive oil. The paper presents the resistance, capacitive reactance, relative permittivity and resistivity of olive. Compression was applied with two mean velocities up to 450 MPa. The results were shown as functions of pressure and time and depicted on the impedance phase diagram. The three first order phase transitions have been detected. All the changes in material parameters were observed during phase transitions. The material parameters measured turned out to be the much more sensitive long-time phase transition factors than temperature. The values of material parameters and their dependence on pressure and time were compared with the molecular structure, arrangement of molecules and interactions between them. Knowledge about olive oil parameters change with pressure and its phase transitions is very important for olive oil production and conservation.

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Elastic Properties and Energy Loss Related to the Disorder–Order Ferroelectric Transitions in Multiferroic Metal–Organic Frameworks [NH4][Mg(HCOO)3] and [(CH3)2NH2][Mg(HCOO)3]

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14113125 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (11) ◽

pp. 3125

Author(s):

Zhiying Zhang ◽

Hongliang Yu ◽

Xin Shen ◽

Lei Sun ◽

Shumin Yue ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phase Transition ◽

Energy Loss ◽

Elastic Properties ◽

Ferroelectric Phase ◽

Loss Modulus ◽

Structural Phase ◽

Metal Organic Frameworks ◽

First Order ◽

Metal Organic ◽

Elastic Anomalies

Elastic properties are important mechanical properties which are dependent on the structure, and the coupling of ferroelasticity with ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism is vital for the development of multiferroic metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). The elastic properties and energy loss related to the disorder–order ferroelectric transition in [NH4][Mg(HCOO)3] and [(CH3)2NH2][Mg(HCOO)3] were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The DSC curves of [NH4][Mg(HCOO)3] and [(CH3)2NH2][Mg(HCOO)3] exhibited anomalies near 256 K and 264 K, respectively. The DMA results illustrated the minimum in the storage modulus and normalized storage modulus, and the maximum in the loss modulus, normalized loss modulus and loss factor near the ferroelectric transition temperatures of 256 K and 264 K, respectively. Much narrower peaks of loss modulus, normalized loss modulus and loss factor were observed in [(CH3)2NH2][Mg(HCOO)3] with the peak temperature independent of frequency, and the peak height was smaller at a higher frequency, indicating the features of first-order transition. Elastic anomalies and energy loss in [NH4][Mg(HCOO)3] near 256 K are due to the second-order paraelectric to ferroelectric phase transition triggered by the disorder–order transition of the ammonium cations and their displacement within the framework channels, accompanied by the structural phase transition from the non-polar hexagonal P6322 to polar hexagonal P63. Elastic anomalies and energy loss in [(CH3)2NH2][Mg(HCOO)3] near 264 K are due to the first-order paraelectric to ferroelectric phase transitions triggered by the disorder–order transitions of alkylammonium cations located in the framework cavities, accompanied by the structural phase transition from rhombohedral R3¯c to monoclinic Cc. The elastic anomalies in [NH4][Mg(HCOO)3] and [(CH3)2NH2][Mg(HCOO)3] showed strong coupling of ferroelasticity with ferroelectricity.

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Gravitational wave signals of dark matter freeze-out

Journal of High Energy Physics ◽

10.1007/jhep02(2021)022 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Danny Marfatia ◽

Po-Yan Tseng

Keyword(s):

Phase Transition ◽

Dark Matter ◽

Gravitational Waves ◽

Order Phase Transition ◽

First Order ◽

Stochastic Background ◽

First Order Phase Transition ◽

Relic Abundance ◽

First Order Phase ◽

Freeze Out

Abstract We study the stochastic background of gravitational waves which accompany the sudden freeze-out of dark matter triggered by a cosmological first order phase transition that endows dark matter with mass. We consider models that produce the measured dark matter relic abundance via (1) bubble filtering, and (2) inflation and reheating, and show that gravitational waves from these mechanisms are detectable at future interferometers.

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Dark Matter production from relativistic bubble walls

Journal of High Energy Physics ◽

10.1007/jhep03(2021)288 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Aleksandr Azatov ◽

Miguel Vanvlasselaer ◽

Wen Yin

Keyword(s):

Phase Transition ◽

Dark Matter ◽

Electroweak Phase Transition ◽

First Order ◽

Matter Production ◽

First Order Phase Transition ◽

Relic Abundance ◽

Higgs Portal ◽

First Order Phase ◽

Gravitational Background

Abstract In this paper we present a novel mechanism for producing the observed Dark Matter (DM) relic abundance during the First Order Phase Transition (FOPT) in the early universe. We show that the bubble expansion with ultra-relativistic velocities can lead to the abundance of DM particles with masses much larger than the scale of the transition. We study this non-thermal production mechanism in the context of a generic phase transition and the electroweak phase transition. The application of the mechanism to the Higgs portal DM as well as the signal in the Stochastic Gravitational Background are discussed.

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