Lateral deformations of a crystal of potassium acid phthalate in an external electric field

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 1317-1326
Author(s):  
Arsen Petrenko ◽  
Nataliya Novikova ◽  
Alexander Blagov ◽  
Anton Kulikov ◽  
Yury Pisarevskii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
External Electric Field ◽  
Applied Field ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Potassium Acid Phthalate ◽  
Acid Phthalate

The anisotropy of deformations in potassium acid phthalate crystals arising under the action of an external electric field up to 1 kV mm−1 applied along the [001] polar axis was studied using X-ray diffraction methods at room temperature. Electrical conductivity was measured and rocking curves for reflections 400, 070 and 004 were obtained by time-resolved X-ray diffractometry in Laue and Bragg geometries. Two saturation processes were observed from the time dependences of the electrical conductivity. A shift in the diffraction peaks and a change in their intensity were found, which indicated a deformation of the crystal structure. Rapid piezoelectric deformation and reversible relaxation-like deformation, kinetically similar to the electrical conductivity of a crystal, were revealed. The deformation depended on the polarity and strength of the applied field. The deformation was more noticeable in the [100] direction and was practically absent in the [001] direction of the applied field. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a disordered arrangement of potassium atoms, i.e. additional positions and vacancies. The heights of potential barriers between the positions of K+ ions and the paths of their possible migration in the crystal structure of potassium acid phthalate were determined. The data obtained by time-resolved X-ray diffractometry and X-ray structure analysis, along with additional electrophysical measurements, allow the conclusion that the migration of charge carriers (potassium cations) leads to lateral deformation of the crystal structure of potassium phthalate in an external electric field.

Time-resolved X-ray reciprocal space mapping of the crystal under external electric field

2018 ◽  
Vol 189 (02) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita V. Marchenkov ◽  
Anton G. Kulikov ◽  
Ivan I. Atknin ◽  
Arsen A. Petrenko ◽  
Alexander E. Blagov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
External Electric Field ◽  
Space Mapping ◽  
Reciprocal Space ◽  
Reciprocal Space Mapping ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray

Effect of trytophan as dopant on potassium acid phthalate single crystals

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystals ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Slow Evaporation Technique ◽  
Absorption Studies ◽  
Evaporation Technique ◽  
Potassium Acid Phthalate ◽  
Acid Phthalate

Optically transparent single crystals of potassium acid phthalate (KAP, 0.5 g) 0.05 g and 0.1 g (1 and 2 mol %) trytophan were grown in aqueous solution by slow evaporation technique at room temperature. Single crystal X- ray diffraction analysis confirmed the changes in the lattice parameters of the doped crystals. The presence of functional groups in the crystal lattice has been determined qualitatively by FTIR analysis. Optical absorption studies revealed that the doped crystals possess very low absorption in the entire visible region. The dielectric constant has been studied as a function of frequency for the doped crystals. The thermal stability was evaluated by TG-DSC analysis.

Electric-field-induced lattice distortion in epitaxial BiFeO3 thin films as determined by in situ time-resolved x-ray diffraction

2017 ◽  
Vol 111 (8) ◽  
pp. 082907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiji Nakashima ◽  
Osami Sakata ◽  
Hiroshi Funakubo ◽  
Takao Shimizu ◽  
Daichi Ichinose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Lattice Distortion ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bifeo3 Thin Films

Use of an External Electric Field to Convert the Paraelectric Phase to the Ferroelectric Phase in Ultra-thin Copolymer Films of P(VDF-TrFE)

2000 ◽  
Vol 655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Poulsen ◽  
S. Adenwalla ◽  
Stephen Ducharme ◽  
V.M. Fridkin ◽  
S.P. Palto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
External Electric Field ◽  
Ferroelectric Phase ◽  
Paraelectric Phase ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Structural Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Layer Spacing ◽  
X Ray

AbstractX-ray diffraction was used to probe the structural changes associated with the conversion of the paraelectric phase to the ferroelectric phase that results from the application of a large external electric field. The samples under study are ultrathin (150 to 250 Å) Langmuir-Blodgett films of the copolymer vinylidene fluoride (70%) with trifluoroethylene (30%) deposited on aluminum-coated silicon. Theta-2theta X-ray diffraction was used to measure the change in inter-layer spacing perpendicular to the film surface. Upon heating at zero external electric field, the crystalline films undergo a structural phase transition, at 100± 5°C, from the all-trans ferroelectric phase to the trans-gauche paraelectric phase. [1,2] Above the phase transition temperature, the non-polar paraelectric phase can be converted back to the polar ferroelectric phase, in a smooth continuous process, using a large external electric field (∼1 GV/m). For example, at 100° C the ferroelectric phase first appears above 0.2 GV/m and increases steadily in proportion while the paraelectric phase decreases until complete conversion to the ferroelectric phase is achieved at approximately 0.6 GV/m.

Crystallization of high-quality protein crystals using an external electric field

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 1507-1513 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Koizumi ◽  
S. Uda ◽  
K. Fujiwara ◽  
M. Tachibana ◽  
K. Kojima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
External Electric Field ◽  
Applied Field ◽  
Local Strain ◽  
Protein Crystal ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Quality Protein ◽  
Hen Egg White ◽  
Lysozyme Crystals

The effect of a 20 kHz external electric field on the quality of tetragonal hen egg white (HEW) lysozyme crystals was investigated using X-ray diffraction rocking-curve measurements. The full width at half-maximum was found to be larger for high-order reflections but smaller for low-order reflections. In particular, it was revealed that a large amount of local strain is accumulated in tetragonal HEW lysozyme crystals grown under an applied field at 20 kHz. Comparison with previous results obtained for crystals grown with an applied field at 1 MHz [Koizumi, Uda, Fujiwara, Tachibana, Kojima & Nozawa (2013).J. Appl. Cryst.46, 25–29] indicated that improvement of the protein crystal quality could be achieved by selection of an appropriate frequency for the applied electric field, which has a significant effect on the growth of the solid.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Electrical Properties of a New Molybdylarsenate LiNa5K3Mo11As3O45

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hamadi Hamza ◽  
Mohamed Faouzi Zid ◽  
Ahmed Driss
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Inorganic Compound ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Solid State Method ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Triclinic System ◽  
State Method

LiNa5K3Mo11As3O45 is a new inorganic compound. It was synthesized by a solid state method. The crystal structure has been studied by single crystal X-ray analysis. The R-values reached 2.8%. The title compound crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P-1, with a = 10.550 (2) Å, b = 11.723 (2) Å, c = 17.469 (3) Å, α = 102.35 (3)°, β = 87.61 (2)°, and γ = 111.03 (3)°. The anionic unit [Mo11As3O45]9− is formed by nine MoO6 octahedra, two MoO5 trigonal bipyramids, and three AsO4 tetrahedra. The association of [Mo11As3O45]9− units, running along [010], leads to a one-dimensional framework. Li, K, and Na are located in the space surrounding the anionic ribbons. This material was characterized by SEM microscopy, IR spectroscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction. The electrical conductivity was investigated from 528 K to 673 K by impedance complex followed by DSC spectroscopy.

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