Probing the spatial coherence of wide X-ray beams with Fresnel mirrors at BL25SU of SPring-8

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 756-761
Author(s):  
Yoko Takeo ◽  
Hiroto Motoyama ◽  
Yasunori Senba ◽  
Hikaru Kishimoto ◽  
Haruhiko Ohashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical System ◽  
Spatial Coherence ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Interference Fringes ◽  
Radiation Sources ◽  
Wide Wavelength Range ◽  
Valuable Method ◽  
The Relationship

Probing the spatial coherence of X-rays has become increasingly important when designing advanced optical systems for beamlines at synchrotron radiation sources and free-electron lasers. Double-slit experiments at various slit widths are a typical method of quantitatively measuring the spatial coherence over a wide wavelength range including the X-ray region. However, this method cannot be used for the analysis of spatial coherence when the two evaluation points are separated by a large distance of the order of millimetres owing to the extremely narrow spacing between the interference fringes. A Fresnel-mirror-based optical system can produce interference patterns by crossing two beams from two small mirrors separated in the transverse direction to the X-ray beam. The fringe spacing can be controlled via the incidence angles on the mirrors. In this study, a Fresnel-mirror-based optical system was constructed at the soft X-ray beamline (BL25SU) of SPring-8. The relationship between the coherence and size of the virtual source was quantitatively measured at 300 eV in both the vertical and horizontal directions using the beam. The results obtained indicate that this is a valuable method for the optimization of optical systems along beamlines.

Ronchi test for characterization of X-ray nanofocusing optics and beamlines

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1105-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredrik Uhlén ◽  
Jussi Rahomäki ◽  
Daniel Nilsson ◽  
Frank Seiboth ◽  
Claude Sanz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Spatial Coherence ◽  
Zone Plate ◽  
Stability Characteristic ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Temperature Drift ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Interference Fringes ◽  
Refractive Lens

A Ronchi interferometer for hard X-rays is reported in order to characterize the performance of the nanofocusing optics as well as the beamline stability. Characteristic interference fringes yield qualitative data on present aberrations in the optics. Moreover, the visibility of the fringes on the detector gives information on the degree of spatial coherence in the beamline. This enables the possibility to detect sources of instabilities in the beamline like vibrations of components or temperature drift. Examples are shown for two different nanofocusing hard X-ray optics: a compound refractive lens and a zone plate.

The kumakhov lens: Prospects for x-ray microanalysis

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1726-1727
Author(s):  
Walter M. Gibson ◽  
Muridan A. Kumakhov
Keyword(s):  
Optical System ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Solid Surfaces ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Development Effort ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Energy Filtering ◽  
Kumakhov Optics

A new optical system based on multiple reflection of X-rays and neutrons along specially shaped solid surfaces first proposed by Kumakhov has undergone intense and rapid development in the USSR and more recently in a joint development effort between the Institute for Roentgen Optical Systems (IROS) in Moscow, Russia, and the Center for X-Ray Optics (CXO) in Albany, NY. The most used X-ray Optical System (XOS) utilizes thin hollow microcapillary tubes arranged appropriately to capture X-rays from a divergent source to produce a quasiparallel beam or a focussed beam as shown schematically in Figure 1. Alternatively, a parallel beam of X-rays (or neutrons) can be deflected or focused. It is also possible to use such systems for energy filtering or energy selection.The first such systems were constructed from single hollow capillaries and showed that X-rays could indeed be captured and focussed as shown in Figure 2. These "first generation" Kumakhov optics are most efficient for relatively low energy X-rays (0.5-2 keV).

scholarly journals NSLS-II MX beamlines FMX for micro-crystallography & AMX for highly automated MX

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C1733-C1733
Author(s):  
Martin Fuchs ◽  
Robert Sweet ◽  
Lonny Berman ◽  
Dileep Bhogadi ◽  
Wayne Hendrickson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Range ◽  
Structure Determination ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Macromolecular Crystallography ◽  
Binding Studies ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Array Detectors ◽  
Broad Energy Range

We present the final design of the x-ray optical systems and experimental stations of the two macromolecular crystallography (MX) beamlines, FMX and AMX, at the National Synchrotron Light Source-II (NSLS-II). Along with its companion x-ray scattering beamline, LIX, this suite of Advanced Beamlines for Biological Investigations with X-rays (ABBIX, [1]) will begin user operation in 2016. The pair of MX beamlines with complementary and overlapping capabilities is located at canted undulators (IVU21) in sector 17-ID. The Frontier Microfocusing Macromolecular Crystallography beamline (FMX) will deliver a photon flux of ~5x10^12 ph/s at a wavelength of 1 Å into a spot of 1 - 50 µm size. It will cover a broad energy range from 5 - 30 keV, corresponding to wavelengths from 0.4 - 2.5 Å. The highly Automated Macromolecular Crystallography beamline (AMX) will be optimized for high throughput applications, with beam sizes from 4 - 100 µm, an energy range of 5 - 18 keV (0.7 - 2.5 Å), and a flux at 1 Å of ~10^13 ph/s. Central components of the in-house-developed experimental stations are a 100 nm sphere of confusion goniometer with a horizontal axis, piezo-slits to provide dynamic beam size changes during diffraction experiments, a dedicated secondary goniometer for crystallization plates, and sample- and plate-changing robots. FMX and AMX will support a broad range of biomedical structure determination methods from serial crystallography on micron-sized crystals, to structure determination of complexes in large unit cells, to rapid sample screening and data collection of crystals in trays, for instance to characterize membrane protein crystals and to conduct ligand-binding studies. Together with the solution scattering program at LIX, the new beamlines will offer unique opportunities for advanced diffraction experiments with micro- and mini-beams, with next generation hybrid pixel array detectors and emerging crystal delivery methods such as acoustic droplet ejection. This work is supported by the US National Institutes of Health.

scholarly journals Magnetic fields, winds and X-rays of massive stars in the Orion nebula cluster

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (S272) ◽  
pp. 208-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Petit ◽  
Gregg A. Wade ◽  
Evelyne Alecian ◽  
Laurent Drissen ◽  
Thierry Montmerle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Massive Stars ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Magnetic Star ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Orion Nebula ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ob Stars ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIn some massive stars, magnetic fields are thought to confine the outflowing radiatively-driven wind. Although theoretical models and MHD simulations are able to illustrate the dynamics of such a magnetized wind, the impact of this wind-field interaction on the observable properties of a magnetic star - X-ray emission, photometric and spectral variability - is still unclear. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between magnetism, stellar winds and X-ray emission of OB stars, by providing empirical observations and confronting theory. In conjunction with the COUP survey of the Orion Nebula Cluster, we carried out spectropolarimatric ESPaDOnS observations to determine the magnetic properties of massive OB stars of this cluster.

scholarly journals Design of a Pixelated Imaging System for Fast Neutron Sources

Designs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
John Chatzakis ◽  
Iraklis Rigakis ◽  
Syed Hassan ◽  
Eugene Laurence Clark ◽  
Paul Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fast Neutron ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Neutron Sources ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nuclear Activation ◽  
Radiation Sources ◽  
Interface Unit ◽  
Imaging Detectors ◽  
Pulsed Neutron

Imaging detectors that use X-ray radiation and pulsed neutron sources have increased in sophistication in recent years due to the use of solid-state detectors. A key method for neutron detection is the nuclear activation of materials by neutrons. Neutron activation can generate radionuclides whose decay produces secondary particle emission that can be detected without interference from the X-rays and other prompt radiation sources and offers advantages over neutrons detection using scintillators. In this paper, we present the design of an imaging system for fast neutron sources. The imaging system utilizes a microcontroller network that communicates using a modified SPI protocol. This network communicates with an interface unit and passes an image to a personal computer. A computer program has been developed to reconstruct the image.

Method of calculating the aberrations of soft X-ray and vacuum ultraviolet optical systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1558-1564
Author(s):  
Yiqing Cao ◽  
Zhijuan Shen ◽  
Zhixia Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Optical System ◽  
Vacuum Ultraviolet ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Order Accuracy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plane Symmetric ◽  
The Third ◽  
Aberration Theory ◽  
Ray Coordinates

Based on the the third-order aberration theory of plane-symmetric optical systems, this paper studies the effect on aberrations of the second-order accuracy of aperture-ray coordinates and the extrinsic aberrations of this kind of optical system; their calculation expressions are derived. The resultant aberration expressions are then applied to calculate the aberrations of two design examples of soft X-ray and vacuum ultraviolet (XUV) optical systems; images are compared with ray-tracing results using SHADOW software to validate the aberration expressions. The study shows that the accuracy of the aberration expressions is satisfactory.

scholarly journals Highly porous nanoberyllium for X-ray beam speckle suppression

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 796-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Goikhman ◽  
Ivan Lyatun ◽  
Petr Ershov ◽  
Irina Snigireva ◽  
Pawel Wojda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Coherence ◽  
Special Device ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Speckle Structure ◽  
Full Field ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Phase Amplitude ◽  
Highly Porous ◽  
Effective Source

This paper reports a special device called a `speckle suppressor', which contains a highly porous nanoberyllium plate squeezed between two beryllium windows. The insertion of the speckle suppressor in an X-ray beam allows manipulation of the spatial coherence length, thus changing the effective source size and removing the undesirable speckle structure in X-ray imaging experiments almost without beam attenuation. The absorption of the nanoberyllium plate is below 1% for 1 mm thickness at 12 keV. The speckle suppressor was tested on the ID06 ESRF beamline with X-rays in the energy range from 9 to 15 keV. It was applied for the transformation of the phase–amplitude contrast to the pure amplitude contrast in full-field microscopy.

scholarly journals Magnetic fields, winds and X-rays of massive stars in the Orion Nebula Cluster

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (S259) ◽  
pp. 449-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Petit ◽  
G. A. Wade ◽  
L. Drissen ◽  
T. Montmerle ◽  
E. Alecian
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Massive Stars ◽  
Magnetic Confinement ◽  
Stellar Winds ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Orion Nebula ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ob Stars ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIn massive stars, magnetic fields are thought to confine the outflowing radiatively-driven wind, resulting in X-ray emission that is harder, more variable and more efficient than that produced by instability-generated shocks in non-magnetic winds. Although magnetic confinement of stellar winds has been shown to strongly modify the mass-loss and X-ray characteristics of massive OB stars, we lack a detailed understanding of the complex processes responsible. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between magnetism, stellar winds and X-ray emission of OB stars. In conjunction with a Chandra survey of the Orion Nebula Cluster, we carried out spectropolarimatric ESPaDOnS observations to determine the magnetic properties of massive OB stars of this cluster.

scholarly journals Pixel detectors for diffraction-limited storage rings

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1006-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Denes ◽  
Bernd Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Storage Ring ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Storage Rings ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Current State ◽  
Pixel Detectors ◽  
Radiation Sources

Dramatic advances in synchrotron radiation sources produce ever-brighter beams of X-rays, but those advances can only be used if there is a corresponding improvement in X-ray detectors. With the advent of storage ring sources capable of being diffraction-limited (down to a certain wavelength), advances in detector speed, dynamic range and functionality is required. While many of these improvements in detector capabilities are being pursued now, the orders-of-magnitude increases in brightness of diffraction-limited storage ring sources will require challenging non-incremental advances in detectors. This article summarizes the current state of the art, developments underway worldwide, and challenges that diffraction-limited storage ring sources present for detectors.

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