Development of shock-dynamics study with synchrotron-based time-resolved X-ray diffraction using an Nd:glass laser system

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sota Takagi ◽  
Kouhei Ichiyanagi ◽  
Atsushi Kyono ◽  
Shunsuke Nozawa ◽  
Nobuaki Kawai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Shock Compression ◽  
Dynamic Compression ◽  
Laser System ◽  
Target Position ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nd:Glass Laser

The combination of high-power laser and synchrotron X-ray pulses allows us to observe material responses under shock compression and release states at the crystal structure on a nanosecond time scale. A higher-power Nd:glass laser system for laser shock experiments was installed as a shock driving source at the NW14A beamline of PF-AR, KEK, Japan. It had a maximum pulse energy of 16 J, a pulse duration of 12 ns and a flat-top intensity profile on the target position. The shock-induced deformation dynamics of polycrystalline aluminium was investigated using synchrotron-based time-resolved X-ray diffraction (XRD) under laser-induced shock. The shock pressure reached up to about 17 GPa with a strain rate of at least 4.6 × 107 s–1 and remained there for nanoseconds. The plastic deformation caused by the shock-wave loading led to crystallite fragmentation. The preferred orientation of the polycrystalline aluminium remained essentially unchanged during the shock compression and release processes in this strain rate. The newly established time-resolved XRD experimental system can provide useful information for understanding the complex dynamic compression and release behaviors.

Generation of 1-10 Ps Hard X-Rav Pulses for Time Resolved X-Ray Diffraction

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
P. Chen ◽  
I.V. Tomov ◽  
P. M. Rentzepis
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Repetition Rate ◽  
Laser System ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Deep Uv ◽  
193 Nm

We present a further improvement of our experimental system for the generation of hard x-ray pulses in the range 1-10 ps, A laser system based on a cw mode locked Nd:YLF laser is utilized for the emission of deep UV pulses at 193 nm with duration 1.5 ps and repetition rate of 300 Hz, This UV radiation is used to pump an x-ray diode which produces CuKa x-ray pulses with a duration shorter than 10 ps at 300 Hz.

scholarly journals The time-resolved hard X-ray diffraction endstation KMC-3 XPP at BESSY II

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Rössle ◽  
Wolfram Leitenberger ◽  
Matthias Reinhardt ◽  
Azize Koç ◽  
Jan Pudell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storage Ring ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Laser System ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Pixel Detector ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Optical Pump ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray

The time-resolved hard X-ray diffraction endstation KMC-3 XPP for optical pump/X-ray probe experiments at the electron storage ring BESSY II is dedicated to investigating the structural response of thin film samples and heterostructures after their excitation with ultrashort laser pulses and/or electric field pulses. It enables experiments with access to symmetric and asymmetric Bragg reflections via a four-circle diffractometer and it is possible to keep the sample in high vacuum and vary the sample temperature between ∼15 K and 350 K. The femtosecond laser system permanently installed at the beamline allows for optical excitation of the sample at 1028 nm. A non-linear optical setup enables the sample excitation also at 514 nm and 343 nm. A time-resolution of 17 ps is achieved with the `low-α' operation mode of the storage ring and an electronic variation of the delay between optical pump and hard X-ray probe pulse conveniently accesses picosecond to microsecond timescales. Direct time-resolved detection of the diffracted hard X-ray synchrotron pulses use a gated area pixel detector or a fast point detector in single photon counting mode. The range of experiments that are reliably conducted at the endstation and that detect structural dynamics of samples excited by laser pulses or electric fields are presented.

scholarly journals FemtoSpeX: a versatile optical pump–soft X-ray probe facility with 100 fs X-ray pulses of variable polarization

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1090-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karsten Holldack ◽  
Johannes Bahrdt ◽  
Andreas Balzer ◽  
Uwe Bovensiepen ◽  
Maria Brzhezinskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser System ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Optical Pump ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Transient Phenomena ◽  
X Ray ◽  
User Facility ◽  
Average Flux ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Electron Storage Rings

Here the major upgrades of the femtoslicing facility at BESSY II (Khanet al., 2006) are reviewed, giving a tutorial on how elliptical-polarized ultrashort soft X-ray pulses from electron storage rings are generated at high repetition rates. Employing a 6 kHz femtosecond-laser system consisting of two amplifiers that are seeded by one Ti:Sa oscillator, the total average flux of photons of 100 fs duration (FWHM) has been increased by a factor of 120 to up to 106 photons s−1(0.1% bandwidth)−1on the sample in the range from 250 to 1400 eV. Thanks to a new beamline design, a factor of 20 enhanced flux and improvements of the stability together with the top-up mode of the accelerator have been achieved. The previously unavoidable problem of increased picosecond-background at higher repetition rates, caused by `halo' photons, has also been solved by hopping between different `camshaft' bunches in a dedicated fill pattern (`3+1 camshaft fill') of the storage ring. In addition to an increased X-ray performance at variable (linear and elliptical) polarization, the sample excitation in pump–probe experiments has been considerably extended using an optical parametric amplifier that supports the range from the near-UV to the far-IR regime. Dedicated endstations covering ultrafast magnetism experiments based on time-resolved X-ray circular dichroism have been either upgraded or, in the case of time-resolved resonant soft X-ray diffraction and reflection, newly constructed and adapted to femtoslicing requirements. Experiments at low temperatures down to 6 K and magnetic fields up to 0.5 T are supported. The FemtoSpeX facility is now operated as a 24 h user facility enabling a new class of experiments in ultrafast magnetism and in the field of transient phenomena and phase transitions in solids.

scholarly journals Ultrafast X-ray Diffraction Study of a Shock-Compressed Iron Meteorite above 100 GPa

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 567
Author(s):  
Sabrina Tecklenburg ◽  
Roberto Colina-Ruiz ◽  
Sovanndara Hok ◽  
Cynthia Bolme ◽  
Eric Galtier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shock Compression ◽  
Iron Meteorite ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hexagonal Close Packed ◽  
Natural Iron ◽  
First Time

Natural kamacite samples (Fe92.5Ni7.5) from a fragment of the Gibeon meteorite were studied as a proxy material for terrestrial cores to examine phase transition kinetics under shock compression for a range of different pressures up to 140 GPa. In situ time-resolved X-ray diffraction (XRD) data were collected of a body-centered cubic (bcc) kamacite section that transforms to the high-pressure hexagonal close-packed (hcp) phase with sub-nanosecond temporal resolution. The coarse-grained crystal of kamacite rapidly transformed to highly oriented crystallites of the hcp phase at maximum compression. The hcp phase persisted for as long as 9.5 ns following shock release. Comparing the c/a ratio with previous static and dynamic work on Fe and Fe-rich Fe-Ni alloys, it was found that some shots exhibit a larger than ideal c/a ratio, up to nearly 1.65. This work represents the first time-resolved laser shock compression structural study of a natural iron meteorite, relevant for understanding the dynamic material properties of metallic planetary bodies during impact events and Earth’s core elasticity.

An experimental system for time-resolved x-ray diffraction of deforming silicate melt at high temperature

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (9) ◽  
pp. 095113
Author(s):  
Satoshi Okumura ◽  
Kentaro Uesugi ◽  
Tatsuya Sakamaki ◽  
Akio Goto ◽  
Masayuki Uesugi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Silicate Melt ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray

The fast multi-frame X-ray diffraction detector at the Dynamic Compression Sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. W. Sinclair ◽  
S. J. Turneaure ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
K. Zimmerman ◽  
Y. M. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar ◽  
Dynamic Compression ◽  
Single Event ◽  
Hopkinson Pressure Bar ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Pressure Bar

A multi-frame, X-ray diffraction (XRD) detector system has been developed for use in time-resolved XRD measurements during single-event experiments at the Dynamic Compression Sector (DCS) at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). The system is capable of collecting four sequential XRD patterns separated by 153 ns, the period of the APS storage ring in the 24-bunch mode. This capability allows an examination of the temporal evolution of material dynamics in single-event experiments, such as plate impact experiments, explosive detonations, and split-Hopkinson pressure bar experiments. This system is available for all user experiments at the DCS. Here, the system description and measured performance parameters (detective quantum efficiency, spatial and temporal resolution, and dynamic range) are presented along with procedures for synchronization and image post-processing.

Structural Dynamics of Polycrystals under Shock Compression Observed via Nanosecond Time-resolved X-ray Diffraction

2013 ◽  
Vol 1528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazutaka G. Nakamura ◽  
Jianbo Hu ◽  
Kouhei Ichiyanagi ◽  
Nobuaki Kawai ◽  
Shin-ichi Adachi
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Shock Compression ◽  
Structural Phase Transition ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Structural Phase ◽  
Stable Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pressure Release

ABSTRACTDynamics of structural phase transition in polycrystalline samples (tetragonal stabilized zirconia and bismuth) under laser-shock compression has been studied using nanosecond time-resolved X-ray diffraction technique based on synchrotron radiation. Tetragonal zirconia shows the structural phase transition to the monoclinic phase within 20 ns during shock compression without any intermediate and reverts back to the tetragonal phase during pressure release. Bismuth shows more complex phase transition dynamics. The Bi-I phase, which is the stable phase at ambient pressure and temperature, transfers to Bi-V phase within 4 ns under shock compression and gradually reverts back following the path of Bi-V →Bi-III → Bi-II → Bi-I within 30 ns during pressure release.

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