scholarly journals Observation of microstructure evolution during inertia friction welding using in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 790-803
Author(s):  
Matthew Rowson ◽  
Chris J. Bennett ◽  
Mohammed A. Azeem ◽  
Oxana Magdysyuk ◽  
James Rouse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microstructure Evolution ◽  
Friction Welding ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
High Carbon Steel ◽  
Equilibrium Phase ◽  
Inertia Friction Welding ◽  
Contact Interface ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

The widespread use and development of inertia friction welding is currently restricted by an incomplete understanding of the deformation mechanisms and microstructure evolution during the process. Understanding phase transformations and lattice strains during inertia friction welding is essential for the development of robust numerical models capable of determining optimized process parameters and reducing the requirement for costly experimental trials. A unique compact rig has been designed and used in-situ with a high-speed synchrotron X-ray diffraction instrument to investigate the microstructure evolution during inertia friction welding of a high-carbon steel (BS1407). At the contact interface, the transformation from ferrite to austenite was captured in great detail, allowing for analysis of the phase fractions during the process. Measurement of the thermal response of the weld reveals that the transformation to austenite occurs 230 °C below the equilibrium start temperature of 725 °C. It is concluded that the localization of large strains around the contact interface produced as the specimens deform assists this non-equilibrium phase transformation.

scholarly journals Progress in Microanalysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-7
Author(s):  
Charles Lyman
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Equilibrium Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Bulk Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Composition And Structure

Many researchers view microanalysis as the determination of composition and structure of individual phases at a spatial resolution of 1 μm or better. It is remarkable to me that much of what we know about the phases shown in equilibrium phase diagrams was determined using bulk analysis techniques like powder X-ray diffraction in combination with light microscopy of flat-polished sections of materials. The identities and amounts of phases were deduced from systematic experiments because there was no way to analyze micrometer-sized phases in situ.

Microstructure Evolution and Properties of 7A56 Aluminum Alloy by Homogenization

2017 ◽  
Vol 898 ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Xu ◽  
Zhi Hui Li ◽  
Guo Jun Wang ◽  
Long Bing Jin ◽  
Hong Wei Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Microstructure Evolution ◽  
Equilibrium Phase ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Homogenization Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Second Phases ◽  
Al Matrix

The microstructure evolution and properties of Al-matrix in homogenized 7A56 alloy were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), electrical conductivity and hardness test. The second phases in as-cast 7A56 alloy consisted of AlZnMgCu, Al2Cu and Al7Cu2Fe. With the homogenization temperature increasing, more non-equilibrium phase AlZnMgCu was dissolved into Al-matrix. The diffusion of alloying elements from AlZnMgCu phase into Al-matrix leads to a decrease of electrical conductivity and an increase of hardness. The lattice constant of α-Al has an increases of 0.0019 Å, 0.0032 Å and 0.0053 Å after 380°C/24h,430°C/24h,and 470°C/24 h treatment,respectively.

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

In-situ Investigation of Bainite Formation with fast X-Ray Diffraction (iXRD)

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 355-364
Author(s):  
A. Kopp ◽  
T. Bernthaler ◽  
D. Schmid ◽  
G. Ketzer-Raichle ◽  
G. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
In Situ Investigation
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