Planning Urban Futures for Autonomous and Shared Vehicles: The Role of Planning Support Tools as a Policy Instrument

Out of the loop? On the radical and the routine in urban big data

Urban Studies ◽

10.1177/00420980211014026 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 004209802110140

Author(s):

Sarah Barns

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

Big Data ◽

Computational Models ◽

Data Driven ◽

Urban Systems ◽

Out Of The Loop ◽

Urban Futures ◽

Urban Behaviour ◽

The City

This commentary interrogates what it means for routine urban behaviours to now be replicating themselves computationally. The emergence of autonomous or artificial intelligence points to the powerful role of big data in the city, as increasingly powerful computational models are now capable of replicating and reproducing existing spatial patterns and activities. I discuss these emergent urban systems of learned or trained intelligence as being at once radical and routine. Just as the material and behavioural conditions that give rise to urban big data demand attention, so do the generative design principles of data-driven models of urban behaviour, as they are increasingly put to use in the production of replicable, autonomous urban futures.

Download Full-text

Neoliberalism with Scandinavian characteristics: The slow formation of neoliberal common sense in Denmark

Capital & Class ◽

10.1177/03098168211029001 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 030981682110290

Author(s):

Rune Møller Stahl

Keyword(s):

International Economic ◽

Common Sense ◽

Causal Power ◽

Policy Instrument ◽

Alternative Analysis ◽

Systematic Analysis ◽

Economic Council ◽

Ideational Change ◽

Economic Developments

This article describes the ascension of neoliberal economic ideas in the macroeconomic establishment in Denmark. Based on a systematic analysis of documents from the Danish government and the Economic Council from the 1970s to the early 2000s, the article traces the development of the economic ideas and policy instrument that dominate the analytical process of the Danish macroeconomic establishment. The article applies a Gramscian-inspired framework to track the gradual and uneven process under which neoliberal economic ideas became common sense in the Danish context. This framework challenges some of the assumptions of the ideational focus of much constructivist literature, and offers an alternative analysis focused on the legitimating role of economic ideas. As much of the ideational change took place after policy adaptions to international economic developments, the Danish case provides little support for the theory of the causal power of ideas. Rather, it seems as though economic models and ideas are imported as ‘after the fact’ legitimations of changes in policy.

Download Full-text

How to introduce new technologies to reduce nutrient losses: a case of Danish agricultural constructed wetlands

Water Policy ◽

10.2166/wp.2017.015 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 404-422 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Florence Gathoni Gachango ◽

Brian H. Jacobsen

Keyword(s):

Constructed Wetlands ◽

Implementation Strategy ◽

New Technologies ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Policy Instrument ◽

Nutrient Losses ◽

Voluntary Approach ◽

Depth Analysis ◽

Environmental Measures

The Water Framework Directive (WFD) focuses on reduction of nutrients in individual water bodies. Innovative drainage filter technologies currently being tested in Denmark could facilitate nutrient reductions at the sub-river basins and catchment levels. The implementation strategy for these technologies, however, remains a challenge. Using both primary and secondary data, this paper presents an in-depth analysis of the role of these technologies in implementation of the WFD in Denmark. Concepts of impact assessment are used to identify the most suitable approach for incorporating these technologies into environmental measures based on a three-faceted policy instrument typology. A voluntary approach supported by investment subsidies, or incentives that could replace existing requirements, is deemed more appropriate.

Download Full-text

Forecasting Research and Technoscience: Contemporary Status, Specifics and Prospects

Socio-Economic Analyses ◽

10.54664/mnwg3907 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Lyudmila Ivancheva ◽

Keyword(s):

New Technologies ◽

Modern Science ◽

Policy Instrument ◽

Special Role ◽

Social Interests ◽

The Future ◽

Key Factor ◽

Contemporary Status

The article emphasizes the role of the advancement of modern science and new technologies in forecasting research as a key factor for making prognoses for the future. It presents the concept of technoscience, developed by the author, as a blend and symbiosis of modern science and technologies, converging on the basis of similar purposes, objects of treatment and outcomes, as well as of the rising engagement with social interests and attitudes. Furthermore, the main kinds of forecasting research with their specifics, advantages and limitations are outlined, pointing out the special role of building foresight scenarios for the future as a prognosis and policy instrument. The tendencies in this field of research are identified, revealing the challenges related to modern technoscience, and the possible solutions.

Download Full-text

The role of automatic stabilizers in business cycle: the case of indonesia

European Journal of Government and Economics ◽

10.17979/ejge.2021.10.2.7366 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 167-184

Author(s):

Haryo Kuncoro

Keyword(s):

Fiscal Policy ◽

Standard Model ◽

Policy Instrument ◽

Economic Stability ◽

Fiscal Stimulus ◽

Quarterly Data ◽

Discretionary Fiscal Policy ◽

The Impact ◽

Automatic Stabilizers

TThe use of large fiscal stimulus packages to dampen the impact of Covid-19 recently has raised concerns about the effectiveness of the discretionary fiscal policy. This paper aims at analysing the feasibility of automatic fiscal stabilisers to mitigate economic fluctuations in the case of Indonesia. Using the IMF standard model for quarterly data over the period of 2001(1) to 2019(4), we find that the role of automatic fiscal stabilisers is getting greater both in revenue and spending. This implies that the automatic fiscal stabilisers are feasible as the main fiscal policy instrument for economic stability goals in the future. However, given the existing circumstances, Indonesia has to reform economic, regulatory, and institutional ecosystems in adopting the automatic fiscal stabilisers.

Download Full-text

Public support for ‘soft’ versus ‘hard’ public policies: Review of the evidence

Journal of Behavioral Public Administration ◽

10.30636/jbpa.42.220 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Sanchayan Banerjee ◽

Manu Savani ◽

Ganga Shreedhar

Keyword(s):

Financial Incentives ◽

Public Policies ◽

Public Support ◽

Policy Instruments ◽

Policy Instrument ◽

Future Research ◽

The Public ◽

Future Research Agenda ◽

Educational Campaigns

This article reviews the literature on public support for ‘soft’ versus ‘hard’ policy instruments for behaviour change, and the factors that drive such preferences. Soft policies typically include ‘moral suasion’ and educational campaigns, and more recently behavioural public policy approaches like nudges. Hard policy instruments, such as laws and taxes, restrict choices and alter financial incentives. In contrast to the public support evidenced for hard policy instruments during COVID-19, prior academic literature pointed to support for softer policy instruments. We investigate and synthesise the evidence on when people prefer one type of policy instrument over another. Drawing on multi-disciplinary evidence, we identify perceived effectiveness, trust, personal experience and self-interest as important determinants of policy instrument preferences, along with broader factors including the choice and country context. We further identify various gaps in our understanding that informs and organise a future research agenda around three themes. Specifically, we propose new directions for research on what drives public support for hard versus soft behavioural public policies, highlighting the value of investigating the role of individual versus contextual factors (especially the role of behavioural biases); how preferences evolve over time; and whether and how preferences spillovers across different policy domains.

Download Full-text

What determines the government’s policy instrument choice for steering nonprofit organizations? The role of government capacity and contextual complexity

Journal of Asian Public Policy ◽

10.1080/17516234.2021.1991254 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-17

Author(s):

Zejin Liu ◽

Steven Van de Walle

Keyword(s):

Nonprofit Organizations ◽

Policy Instrument ◽

Role Of Government ◽

Instrument Choice ◽

Government Capacity ◽

Policy Instrument Choice

Download Full-text

Extending Collaboration Support Systems

Collaborative Information Technologies ◽

10.4018/978-1-931777-14-8.ch001 ◽

2002 ◽

pp. 1-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Thekla Rura-Polley ◽

Ellen Baker

Keyword(s):

Knowledge Sharing ◽

Collective Learning ◽

Computer Support ◽

Common Language ◽

Web Based ◽

Agent Based ◽

Electronic Collaboration ◽

Support Tools ◽

Collaboration Support

This chapter first examines the role of collaboration and collective learning in regional and industry-wide innovation and how remote innovation–that is, innovation organized through electronic collaboration–could be enhanced by comprehensive computer support tools that include sensemaking aids. We look at the importance of sensemaking in collaborations and report on a study in which we analyzed sensemaking processes among students collaborating remotely. We describe a web-based computer system called LiveNet, that incorporates sensemaking aids to facilitate remote innovation. It brings together members within one workspace, provides them with the ability to locate needed information quickly, and supports this process with an agent-based structure that can assist members to achieve their goals. In addition, LiveNet supports the development of a common language and facilitates knowledge sharing, processes deemed important in the innovation and collective learning literatures. In the final section, we describe how this system can be used in remote innovation.

Download Full-text