Gender differences in Taiwan’s hypermarkets

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 650-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsung-Sheng Chang ◽  
Hsiaoping Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Customer Behavior ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Traditional Markets ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Hypermarkets face a very competitive environment, as their rivals also include traditional markets, convenient stores and supermarkets. In addition to offering innovative services, hypermarket managers must also pay attention to customer shopping patterns and behaviors in order to gain market share. The purpose of this paper is to posit that there will be significant differences between male and female hypermarket customers in terms of both shopping time and categories of goods purchased. Design/methodology/approach To investigate actual shopping behaviors, this study observed customers in hypermarkets and recorded how long they spent shopping and what they purchased. Findings The results of this study implied that gender is a key factor that affects both shopping time and the goods purchased in Taiwanese hypermarkets. The empirical findings also indicated that customers favor certain goods categories. Practical implications The results of this study provide details of the differences between male and female hypermarket customers, with which managers can use to develop better marketing strategies. Originality/value The purpose of this study is to show hypermarket retailers how gender differences affect customer behavior in this context. It also presents a consumer product categories list for hypermarkets, and this can be used as a reference for follow-up studies.

Examining the influences of perceived exclusivity and perceived rarity on consumers' perception of luxury

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xujia Wang ◽  
Billy Sung ◽  
Ian Phau
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Theoretical Support ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Luxury Market ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate how exclusivity and rarity (natural versus virtual) influence consumers' perceptions of luxury. Further, it examines whether exclusivity and rarity can function as distinct marketing strategies in today's luxury market environment.Design/methodology/approachOnline questionnaires were administered by adapting developed scales from prior research. Research stimuli were chosen from three luxury categories including bags, wine and cruise. Confirmatory factor analysis and multiple regressions were used to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe results confirmed that exclusivity, natural rarity and virtual rarity were perceived as relatively distinct constructs among our sample. Findings also highlighted that perceived natural rarity (PNR) has consistently emerged as a positive and significant contributor to consumers' perceptions of luxury across all three luxury categories. The influence of perceived exclusivity (PE) on perceptions of luxury has also shown to be significant for two product categories (luxury bag and luxury wine), whereas perceived virtual rarity (PVR) did not show any significant effects across all three categories.Practical implicationsThe results indicate that consumers perceive natural rarity, virtual rarity and exclusivity as relatively distinctive marketing strategies. This suggests that luxury businesses can adopt each strategy independently to achieve desired marketing outcomes.Originality/valueThis study offers theoretical support for the proposition that exclusivity and rarity may have different functions in luxury marketing implementations. It provides empirical evidence showing the distinctiveness of perceived exclusivity and perceived rarity, which have not be done in previous research.

The context of choice as boundary condition for gender differences in brand choice considerations

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (5/6) ◽  
pp. 1280-1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enav Friedmann ◽  
Oded Lowengart
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Brand Choice ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Marketers often assume that functional, hedonic and socially conspicuous utilities in choosing a brand differ for men and women, thus different marketing strategies are required for each gender. To date, most of the research studies have used self-reported measures when shopping in general or in regard to a single product. The purpose of this research is to examine this question using two different contexts of brand choice: single choice evaluation (SCE) and brand selection context (BSC). This assessment will clarify whether male and female utilities when choosing a brand are indeed inherent and consistent. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected using surveys in three studies (N = 923). Conjoint analysis and ICLV (integrated choice and latent variables) models were examined. Findings BSC analysis that more closely mimics real-life contexts revealed that the consideration of these utilities is generally similar for men and women, while the SCE analysis showed significant gender differences. Practical implications In the context of choosing between brands, stereotypical gender targeting may be ineffective and might not be the best allocation of resources for marketers. Social implications Gender stereotypes in advertising seem to reconstruct differences that are not significant in a realistic brand selection context. Originality/value The context of choice was found to be a condition boundary for gender differences in brand choice considerations. Gender differences are not evolutionary or inherent.

Profile of female tourists visiting Porto and North of Portugal

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 677-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Gomes ◽  
Mónica Montenegro
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Resident Female ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Women Tourists

Purpose This paper aims to characterize the profile of non-resident female tourists visiting Porto and North of Portugal (PNP) and highlights the importance and evolution of the women travel market and its segmentation. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents and discusses trends and segmentation in women travel market and the results of a survey on the profile of international female tourists to PNP. Findings This study identifies the key differences of male and female travelers to PNP and confirms that segments that have been highlighted as emerging markets in the literature such as businesswomen, solo travelling and girlfriend getaway are all present in this market. It also presents and discusses the profile of female tourists to PNP. Practical implications This study provides knowledge about the women travel market to PNP, thus enabling decision makers to better tailor their marketing strategies to this segment. Originality/value This paper seeks to illustrate the importance of the female travel market and characterize the profile of non-resident women tourists visiting PNP.

An empirical study on non-Muslim’s packaged halal food manufacturers

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afshan Azam
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Specific Product ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Lifestyle Choice ◽  
Consumer Purchase Intention ◽  
Halal Food ◽  
Packaged Food ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This study aims to investigate the determinant factors that consumers may consider in buying halal packaged food produced by non-Muslim manufacturers. Design/methodology/approach This paper develops a seven-constructs-based model. Halal awareness, Islamic brand and product ingredients are used as the pre-determined factors for measuring consumer’s purchase intention. Findings The hypotheses which were tested using partial least squares have revealed that halal awareness and product ingredients have significantly influenced Muslims’ intention to buy halal packaged food that are produced by non-Muslim manufacturers. The findings show that the religious belief, exposure and certification/logo are potential sources of Muslim awareness about halal packaged food from non-Muslim manufacturers. Research limitations/implications This research is also not exempted from its limitations. The data collected for the current study investigate general purchase toward halal products. It would be interesting if future researchers examine consumers’ purchase intention toward specific halal products for specific product categories. A comparative study is also worthy of being steered, as such a study is beneficial for producers and marketers of the halal industry. Practical implications As an overall implication, this study will provide a valuable and important information for non-Muslim halal packaged food manufacturers in identifying the appropriate strategy to fulfill the needs and wants of Muslim consumers at best. It is sufficed to suggest that the Muslim community has adopted halal food from non-Islamic brands as part of their lifestyle choice. Clearly, this gives implications to non-Muslim halal food producers. Thus, it is critical for food manufacturers to increase the level of awareness toward halal products by providing sufficient and interesting information, especially on halal certification. Hence, the manufacturer must take the opportunity to do intensive promotion to encourage more consumers to purchase their products. Originality/value This paper examines consumer purchase intention toward non-Muslim packed food manufactures in Saudi Arabia. It is critical for non-Muslim packed halal food manufacturers to increase the level of awareness toward halal products by providing sufficient and interesting information, especially on halal certification.

Behind closed doors! Homosocial desire and the academic boys club

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Fisher ◽  
Sue Kinsey
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Field Work ◽  
The Political ◽  
Detailed Data ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Feminist Poststructuralist ◽  
Homosocial Desire ◽  
Men And Masculinities ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to explore the nature and power of the academic boys club. In many organisations, the political significance of the boys club goes largely unremarked and unacknowledged. Yet, the way that male colleagues intimately relate to each other, sometimes called homosocial desire, is crucial to their success at gaining and retaining power at work. Design/methodology/approach – Feminist, poststructuralist, ethnographic, qualitative, and longitudinal data were collected over a five-year period from male and female academics in a British university. Findings – The boys club is still a powerful feature of British universities. Their apparent invisibility shrouds the manner in which they can and do promote and maintain male interests in a myriad of ways, including selection and promotion. These findings have resonances for all organisations. Research limitations/implications – Researching the intimacies between male colleagues requires time-intensive field work and insider access to men interacting with each other. Practical implications – Meaningful gender equality will not be achieved unless and until the more sophisticated forms of female exclusion are revealed and deconstructed. Originality/value – This research makes an unusual and crucial contribution to the study of gender, men and masculinities by providing longitudinal, rich, detailed data, observing men at the closest of quarters and then analysed by a feminist and poststructuralist gaze.

Beyond visual clutter: the interplay among products, advertisements, and the overall webpage

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunjoo Im ◽  
Hae Won Ju ◽  
Kim K.P. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Visual Complexity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Consumer Responses ◽  
Marketing Effectiveness ◽  
Consumer Experiences ◽  
Visual Clutter ◽  
Negative Relationships ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeLittle research has been done to understand how individual elements (e.g. advertisements) within a webpage are processed and evaluated when visual complexity is increased. Thus, this study aimed to investigate how consumers allocate attention and evaluate products and advertisements on complex webpages when they are casually browsing.Design/methodology/approachThis study conducted two experiments to test the causal effects of different degrees of visual complexity on consumer responses to products and advertisements. An eye-tracking experiment (n = 90) and a follow-up online experiment (n = 121) were conducted using undergraduate students as participants.FindingsParticipants formed a global impression from the overall webpage complexity, which spilled over to evaluation of individual elements on the webpage (e.g. product, advertisement). The inverted U-shaped relationships (vs. linear negative relationships) between webpage visual complexity and attitude toward the webpage, products, and advertisements were observed. The focal product was given a consistent level of attention regardless of the complexity level.Practical implicationsThis study provides implications for website organization and design to maximize positive consumer experiences and marketing effectiveness. The findings provide implications for retailers and advertisement buyers.Originality/valueThis study expanded the knowledge by examining the interplay between individual elements of webpages and the whole webpage complexity when consumers browse visually complex webpages. It is a novel finding that the overall webpage complexity effect spills over to locally attended products or advertisements.

scholarly journals Energizing middle managers’ practice in organizational learning

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 383-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane McKenzie ◽  
Sharon Varney
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Learning ◽  
Middle Managers ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Middle Manager ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Validated Instrument ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to consider middle managers’ influence on organizational learning by exploring how they cope with demands and tensions in their role and whether their practice affects available team energy. Design/methodology/approach In total, 43 managers from three large organizations involved in major change assessed their group’s energy using a tested and validated instrument, the OEQ12©. This generated six distinct categories of team energy, from highly productive to corrosive. Thirty-four of these managers, spread across the six categories, completed a Twenty Statements Test and a follow-up interview to explore their cognitive, affective and behavioural responses to coping with resource constraints and tensions in their role. Findings The research provides preliminary insights into what distinguishes a middle manager persona co-ordinating teams with highly productive energy from those managing groups with less available energy to engage with knowledge and learning. It considers why these distinctions may affect collective sensitivities in the organizational learning process. Research limitations/implications Informants were not equally distributed across the six team energy categories; therefore, some middle manager personas are more indicative than others. Practical implications This research suggests areas where middle manager development could potentially improve organizational learning. Originality/value This study offers early empirical evidence that middle managers’ orientation to their role is entangled with the process of energizing their teams in organizational learning during change.

Consumer evaluation of ingredient branding strategy

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 768-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Deniz Dalman ◽  
Kartikeya Puranam
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
High Involvement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Ingredient Branding ◽  
Decision Variables ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Prior research in ingredient branding (IB) has identified several important decision variables consumers use when evaluating IB alliances. This exploratory research aims to investigate the relationship between these variables and consumers’ buying likelihood of the IB alliance and the relative importance of these variables for low- vs high-involvement product categories. Design/methodology/approach A study with the participation of 458 mTurkers was conducted and the data were analyzed using random forests. Findings Findings reveal relative importance of different variables for an IB alliance and that these differ for low- vs high-involvement categories. Research limitations/implications Being exploratory in nature, this research has several limitations, such as using only one high- and one low-involvement categories. Practical implications Results of this research will help brand managers as they make decisions entering an IB alliance as well as with investing their budget on different aspects of their brand, and tailoring their marketing activities for low- vs high-involvement product categories. Originality/value To the best of authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first to discuss the relative importance of different decision variables in an IB context empirically.

Gender in management: differences in male and female evaluations in leadership

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 22-24
Author(s):  
Kelly Dutton
Keyword(s):  
Gender Bias ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Reading Time ◽  
Career Progression ◽  
Performance Ratings ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gender Perception ◽  
Pertinent Information ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings Gender equality is increasing; however, in the higher management levels of organizations, there persists a bias toward male management. Investigating how bosses and peers rated managers showed that males provide lower job evaluations than females, regardless of sex, but at the same time, male peers provided higher ratings toward their own gender. Bosses were indifferent to gender in their ratings. Affecting the evaluation could be factors of social homophily and interpersonal familiarity. Lower performance ratings and a gender bias could hold back female career progression and create an overall atmosphere of gender perception within the workplace. Practical implications The paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organizations. Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

An experimental study of the effect of packaging colour on children's evaluation of packaging and attitude towards the brand

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Bezaz ◽  
Mathieu Kacha
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Point Of Sale ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Healthy Diets ◽  
Marketing Tool ◽  
Age Features ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Additional Product

PurposeThis article aims to determine how packaging colour (hue, saturation and brightness) for a healthy food product might influence children's evaluation of the packaging and their attitude towards the brand.Design/methodology/approachAn experiment involving 157 children (7–12 years of age) features a within-subject, factorial design. The product selected for this experiment is an unknown brand of orange juice.FindingsEach colour dimension on packaging exerts an impact on children's evaluation of the packaging and attitude towards the brand. Therefore, the colour featured on packaging can be an effective lever for action to ensure and enhance children's healthy diets.Research limitations/implicationsFurther research should investigate these effects across additional product categories, brands and colours.Practical implicationsPackaging is an important marketing tool that influences children's evaluation of the packaging and attitude towards the brand, especially at the point of sale. To understand and exploit these packaging colour effects appropriately for healthy products, it is crucial to understand the effects of various packaging colour dimensions.Originality/valueLittle prior research has addressed the effects of packaging on children's responses, especially by accounting for multiple colour dimensions. Nor has extant research identified how packaging colour dimensions can affect children's evaluation and brand attitude. Especially in consideration of the growing problem of childhood obesity, it is important to give marketers effective ways to promote healthy products.

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