scholarly journals Pictorial warning labels as deterrents of alcohol abuse

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Piper ◽  
Antonio Mileti ◽  
M. Irene Prete ◽  
Gianluigi Guido
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Caloric Content ◽  
Warning Label ◽  
Warning Labels ◽  
Text Format ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to demonstrate the effectiveness of pictorial warning labels that leverage the risk of obesity as a deterrent against alcohol abuse. It evaluates the impact of three different kinds of warning labels that can potentially discourage alcoholic drinking: (1) a claim, in text format, that cautions consumers about the product (i.e. a responsibility warning statement); (2) a textual warning label, text-format information on the content of the product or the consequences of excessive consumption (i.e. a synthetic nutritional table); (3) a pictorial warning label, an image depicting a food product with a caloric content equivalent to that of an alcoholic beverage.Design/methodology/approachIn Study 1, a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design is used to evaluate the intention to buy different alcoholic cocktails. The stimuli comprised two cocktails that are similar in alcoholic volume, but different in their caloric content. The images of the products were presented across eight warning label conditions and shown to 480 randomly selected Italian respondents who quantified their intention to buy the product. In Study 2, a different sample of 34 Italian respondents was solicited with the same stimuli considered in Study 1, and neuropsychological measurements through Electroencephalography (EEG) were registered. A post hoc least significance difference (LSD) test is used to analyse data.FindingsThe results show that only the presence of an image representing an alcoholic beverage's caloric content causes a significant reduction in consumers' purchase intentions. This effect is due to the increase in negative emotions caused by pictorial warning labels.Originality/valueThe findings provide interesting insights on pictorial warning labels, which can influence the intention to purchase alcoholic beverages. They confirmed that the use of images in the warning labels has a greater impact than text, and that the risk of obesity is an effective deterrent in encouraging consumers to make healthier choices.

Assessment of moderate wine consumption and alcohol abuse from the perspective of German and Hungarian consumers

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gergely Szolnoki ◽  
Stylianos Filopoulos ◽  
Claudia Stein-Hammer ◽  
David Brazsil
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wine Consumption ◽  
Support Policy ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The health effects of alcoholic beverages and the differentiation between moderate consumption and alcohol abuse are discussed controversially in medicine, sociology and politics. Therefore, this paper aims to analyse how consumers assess the relation among health, wine consumption and alcohol abuse. Design/methodology/approach A representative survey in Germany and in Hungary was conducted with 2,000 and 1,500 respondents, respectively. The survey included questions regarding the assessment and definition of alcohol abuse and moderate wine consumption. Findings The results show that in Hungary, moderate wine consumption is defined similarly as in Germany; on the contrary, in the case of alcohol abuse, there are significant differences. Regardless of cultural background, the respondents agreed that excessive wine consumption harms health and certain consumer groups (pregnant women or people under 16 years old) should avoid drinking wine. Practical implications These findings can contribute to a long-term goal-oriented wine in moderation strategy for consumers and support policy advice on moderate and excessive wine consumption. Originality/value The results help to understand how consumers perceive moderate and excessive wine consumption in everyday life, and how they judge wine as an alcoholic beverage. To the best of authors’ knowledge, there has not been similar study published on the perceptions of wine consumers in this regard, neither in Germany nor in Hungary.

scholarly journals A systematic review of the efficacy of alcohol warning labels

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise M. Hassan ◽  
Edward Shiu
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
English Language ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Warning Label ◽  
Warning Labels ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Warning Messages

Purpose The placement of warning labels on alcoholic beverages is a policy area with renewed interest, yet a strong evidence base regarding the efficacy of text-based or pictorial warning labels has still to emerge. Increased interest by policymakers has spurred research into potential alcohol warning label designs and messages. The purpose of this article is to draw together recearch in the alcohol warnings literature. Design/methodology/approach The current study seeks to review research that has sought to examine the effectiveness of alcohol warning labels. Searches for English-language articles (since 2000) using the terms “alcohol” and “warning label*” were conducted in 2015 across four databases (Web of Science, PubMed, PsycInfo and Cochrane). Articles were included if they empirically assessed the effectiveness and/or design of alcohol warning labels. Only studies that addressed the targeted individual consumer (consistent with downstream social marketing) were included. A narrative analysis approach was used for the 15 articles identified. Findings Findings are reported on five themes covering the design of the warning, starting with the use of imagery or recommendations, followed by a focus on the warning messages and whether they are specific, use signal words and are based on qualitative or quantitative information. Research limitations/implications Overall, there was little consistency in approach and measures, with very limited research having explored the potential of pictorial warning labels. Numerous research gaps are identified; thus, much more research is needed in this area. The evidence base is weak and caution is needed by policymakers regarding the introduction and implementation of alcohol warning labels. Limitations are discussed. Originality/value The review provides a timely up-to-date evaluation of the alcohol warning labels literature that has seen a recent resurgence but has not been critically reviewed.

scholarly journals Impact of nutrient warning labels on choice of ultra-processed food and drinks high in sugar, sodium, and saturated fat in Colombia: A randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Mora-Plazas ◽  
Isabella Higgins ◽  
Luis Fernando Gomez ◽  
Marissa G. Hall ◽  
Maria Fernanda Parra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Warning Label ◽  
Warning Labels ◽  
Breakfast Cereal ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Label Condition ◽  
Fruit Drink ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BackgroundFront-of-package nutrient warning labels are one promising policy to inform healthier food choices and purchasing decisions. This study aimed to identify the impact of nutrient warning labels on product selection and the ability to correctly identify products with an excess of critical nutrients, among other outcomes in Colombia.MethodsWe conducted an online randomized experiment among 8,061 Colombian adults in October 2020. Participants were randomly assigned to a front-of-package label condition: nutrient warning, guideline daily amounts (GDA), Nutri-Score, or a no-label condition. First, they viewed a fruit drink with added sugar that was labeled per their assigned condition and one without added sugar, which was only labeled in the GDA and Nutri-Score conditions, and completed selection tasks. The primary outcomes were 1) selection of the fruit drink with added sugar as the fruit drink they would rather buy and 2) correctly identifying which fruit drink was higher in sugar. Next, they viewed four food products (cookies, yogurt, sliced bread, and breakfast cereal) with their assigned condition and answered a series of questions. Finally, they selected which of the three label types would most discourage them from consuming a specified ultra-processed food.ResultsFewer participants in the nutrient warning condition (20%) selected the added sugar fruit drink as the product they would rather buy compared to 24% in the GDA condition (p<.01), 29% in the no-label condition, and 33% in the Nutri-Score condition (both, p<.001). More participants in the nutrient warning condition (88%) correctly identified the fruit drink higher in sugar compared to the no-label condition (68%) and the Nutri-Score condition (65%) (both, p<.001). More participants in the GDA condition (91%) correctly identified the fruit drink higher in sugar compared to the nutrient warning condition (p<.01). Most participants (72%) selected the nutrient warning label as most discouraging, while only 20% selected the GDA label and 9% selected the Nutri-Score label.ConclusionsNutrient warning labels are a promising policy strategy to prevent obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases in Colombia. Future research is needed to understand the impact of nutrient warning labels on actual ultra-processed food purchases in Colombia. Trial Registration: NCT04567004

scholarly journals Synergistic Effect in Core Microbiota Associated with Sulfur Metabolism in Spontaneous Chinese Liquor Fermentation

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Liu ◽  
Qun Wu ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Jianchun Lin ◽  
Ling Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Sulfur Metabolism ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Dimethyl Disulfide ◽  
Sulfur Compounds ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Chinese Liquor ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Core Microbiota

ABSTRACT Microbial sulfur metabolism plays crucial roles in various food and alcoholic beverage fermentations. 3-(Methylthio)-1-propanol and dimethyl disulfide are important sulfur compounds in fermented foods and alcoholic beverages. Here, we studied the dynamics of these two compounds during spontaneous Chinese liquor fermentation. The two compounds reached the maximum concentration at day 10 and the maximum production rate at day 3. Metatranscriptomic analysis at days 3 and 10 revealed a total of 354 metabolically active microorganisms. Saccharomyces and Lactobacillus were identified as core microbiota critical for sulfur compound production based on both the transcript abundances of the principal genes and the distribution frequencies of 31 enzymes involved in sulfur metabolism. Saccharomyces transcribed genes encoding 23 enzymes related to the generation of 3-(methylthio)-1-propanol and dimethyl disulfide, and Lactobacillus was active in the methyl cycle, which recycles methionine, the precursor of the two sulfur compounds. Furthermore, the sulfur metabolism-related characteristics of two representative species were studied in coculture during a simulated fermentation. Saccharomyces cerevisiae JZ109 produced 158.4 μg/liter 3-(methylthio)-1-propanol and 58.5 μg/liter dimethyl disulfide in monoculture, whereas Lactobacillus buchneri JZ-JN-2017 could not produce these two compounds in monoculture. Their coculture significantly enhanced the generation of 3-(methylthio)-1-propanol (350.0 μg/liter) and dimethyl disulfide (123.8 μg/liter). In addition, coculture significantly enhanced the gene transcriptions (fold change, 1.5 to ∼55.0) that convert methionine to these two compounds in S. cerevisiae and in the methyl cycle of L. buchneri. This study reveals a novel synergistic effect between members of the core microbiota in the production of sulfur compounds via methionine recycling in spontaneous Chinese liquor fermentation. IMPORTANCE Sulfur compounds play a crucial role in the aroma quality of various fermented foods and alcoholic beverages. However, it is unclear how these compounds are produced by microbes during their spontaneous fermentations. Here, we identified the core microbiota (Saccharomyces and Lactobacillus) associated with sulfur metabolism by determining both transcript abundance and distribution frequency of each genus in spontaneous Chinese liquor fermentation. This study provides a system-level analysis of sulfur metabolism by the metatranscriptomic analysis and culture-dependent methods. It sheds new light on how the metabolic behavior of the microbiota contributes to the liquor aroma quality. Furthermore, this work reveals a novel synergistic effect between Saccharomyces and Lactobacillus in the production of sulfur compounds, in which Lactobacillus regenerates the precursor methionine for sulfur compound production by Saccharomyces. Our findings can contribute to the enhancement of aroma characteristics in Chinese liquor and open new avenues for improving various food and alcoholic beverage fermentation processes.

Bangkok beer & beverages: in pursuit of growth

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Olimpia C. Racela
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Management ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Organizational Capability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mba Students ◽  
Entrepreneurial Firm ◽  
Small Business Management ◽  
Public Interest Groups ◽  
The Impact

Title Bangkok beer & beverages: in pursuit of growth. Subject area Entrepreneurship, Strategic management, Importer/Distributor, Marketing, Environmental forces, Wine, Thailand. Study level/applicability Senior undergraduate or graduate MBA students taking a course in entrepreneurship, strategic management, marketing or small business management. Case overview Bangkok Beer & Beverages (BB&B) Company is an importer, distributor and marketer of premium spirits and wines in Thailand. The case takes place in April 2007, after the public announcement of BB&B's distribution agreement with Fosters Group of Australia to distribute the Group's Penfolds brand throughout Thailand. Coinciding with this milestone of BB&B is the rising interest in wine and the announcement by the Thailand Government to impose stricter regulations for the distribution and promotion of alcoholic beverages to curb consumption in response to demands made by several public interest groups. Within this backdrop, Pongchalerm Chalermsaphayakorn, co-founder and CEO of BB&B, was working with a team to consider future opportunities to pursue for sustainable long-term growth. Expected learning outcomes This case problem can be used to increase students' understanding of: how an entrepreneurial firm attempts to build/develop organizational capability; how decision-makers should assess the impact of, and respond to, the threat of significant and uncontrollable changes to the business macroenvironment; a firm's market position and the identification of strategic groups in an industry; and evaluating different growth opportunities and the implications on a firm's mission. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email [email protected] to request teaching notes.

scholarly journals Impact of nutrient warning labels on choice of ultra-processed food and drinks high in sugar, sodium, and saturated fat in Colombia: A randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Mora-Plazas ◽  
Isabella Higgins ◽  
Luis Fernando Gomez ◽  
Marissa G. Hall ◽  
Maria Fernanda Parra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Warning Label ◽  
Warning Labels ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Food Purchases ◽  
Fruit Drink ◽  
The Impact

Abstract ObjectiveThis study assessed the impact of nutrient warning labels on product selection and ability to correctly identify less healthy products, among other outcomes, in Colombia. MethodsWe conducted an online randomized experiment among 8,061 Colombians in October 2020. Participants were assigned to a condition: nutrient warning, guideline daily amounts (GDA), Nutri-Score, or no-label. First, participants viewed two fruit drinks labeled according to their assigned condition, one with added sugar and one without, and indicated which they would prefer to buy and which was higher in sugar. Next, they viewed four food products with their assigned condition and answered questions. Finally, they selected which label type would most discourage them from consuming a specified ultra-processed food. ResultsFewer participants in the nutrient warning condition (20%) preferred to buy the added sugar fruit drink compared to 24% in the GDA condition (p<.01), 29% in the no-label condition, and 33% in the Nutri-Score condition (both, p<.001). More participants who saw the nutrient warning (88%) correctly identified the fruit drink higher in sugar compared to those who saw no-label (68%) or Nutri-Score (65%) (both, p<.001). In the GDA condition, 91% correctly identified the fruit drink higher in sugar compared to the nutrient warning condition (p<.01). Most participants (72%) selected the nutrient warning label as most discouraging. ConclusionsNutrient warning labels are a promising policy strategy to prevent obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases in Colombia. Future research should assess nutrient warning labels’ impact on actual food purchases in Colombia. Trial Registration: NCT04567004

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Warning Labels at Increasing Awareness of Alcohol-Related Cancer Risk Among Heavy Drinkers

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 4s-4s ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jongenelis ◽  
I.S. Pratt ◽  
T. Slevin ◽  
S. Pettigrew
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Warning Labels ◽  
Harm Minimization ◽  
Consumption Intentions ◽  
Risk Statement

Background: Although alcoholic beverages were classed as a Group 1 carcinogen over a quarter of a century ago, there is a lack of public awareness of this cancer risk relative to other alcohol-related risks. Increasing drinkers’ awareness of the cancer risk associated with alcohol consumption has therefore been identified as an important component of alcohol harm minimization strategies, with mandatory health warning labels on alcoholic beverage containers considered an important component of such strategies. Aim: To assess the overall effectiveness of a warning statement advising of the cancer risk associated with alcohol consumption and effectiveness relative to statements advising of other health risks. Methods: An online survey was administered to 364 Australians (72% male) who reported drinking at levels associated with long-term risk of harm. Respondents were randomly exposed to one of five statements relating to the risks associated with alcohol consumption (cancer, liver damage, diabetes, mental illness, heart disease). Pre and post measures of risk beliefs and drinking intentions were taken. Results: Exposure to a warning statement advising of the cancer risk associated with alcohol consumption resulted in (i) a significant increase in the extent to which respondents exposed to that statement believed alcohol to be a risk factor for cancer and (ii) a significant reduction in consumption intentions. Exposure to the cancer risk statement was associated with the second largest pre to post change in consumption intentions behind the diabetes risk statement. Conclusion: Warning statements informing drinkers of the cancer risk associated with alcohol consumption can produce (i) increases in the awareness of alcohol-related cancer risk and (ii) favorable changes in drinking intentions.

Allowing wine and strong beer in grocery stores: the tale of Tennessee

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Maisch ◽  
Mihai Nica ◽  
Jeremy David Oller
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Beverage Consumption ◽  
Excise Tax ◽  
Excise Taxes

Purpose This study aims to examine whether the introduction of wine or regular strength beer (B) sales in Tennessee grocery stores significantly increased the number of alcoholic beverages (AB) consumed or excise taxes collected in the state. Design/methodology/approach This study uses both a time series and a model-based approach to assess if a significant change in alcoholic beverage excise tax collections occurred after the natural experiment. The study evaluates monthly tax collections from B, mixed drinks and AB between January 1968 and September 2018 published by the Tennessee Department of Revenue. Findings The findings suggest that neither alcoholic beverage consumption nor excise taxes collected increased substantially in Tennessee as a result of the introduction of wine and regular strength B in grocery stores. It is likely, however, that some changes inside the industry were significant. Originality/value This study assists policymakers and analysts in determining whether allowing the sale of wine and regular strength B in grocery stores will have a substantial impact on the total amount of AB consumed or excise taxes collected by the jurisdiction.

The Impact of the Alcohol Warning Label on Drinking during Pregnancy

1993 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet R. Hankin ◽  
Ira J. Firestone ◽  
James J. Sloan ◽  
Joel W. Ager ◽  
Allen C. Goodman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Differential Effect ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Warning Label ◽  
Absolute Alcohol ◽  
The Impact

Has drinking by pregnant women decreased since the implementation of the alcoholic beverage warning label? The authors examined the reported drinking of 4397 pregnant black women who sought prenatal care in an inner city clinic of Detroit, MI. They found that the warning label had a differential effect on risk drinkers (women consuming at least .5 ounce of absolute alcohol per day at conception) and lighter drinkers/abstainers (women consuming less than .5 ounce of absolute alcohol per day at conception). Six months after the warning label law was implemented (June 1, 1990), lighter drinkers decreased their drinking during pregnancy by a small but statistically significant amount. In contrast, pregnant risk drinkers did not significantly change their alcohol consumption.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of tobacco warning labels before and after implementation of the European Tobacco Products Directive—findings from the longitudinal EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe surveys

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii84-iii90
Author(s):  
Sarah Kahnert ◽  
Pete Driezen ◽  
James Balmford ◽  
Christina N Kyriakos ◽  
Sarah Aleyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Product ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Warning Label ◽  
Warning Labels ◽  
Health Warnings ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Product Packaging ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Tobacco product packaging is a key part of marketing efforts to make tobacco use appealing. In contrast, large, prominent health warnings are intended to inform individuals about the risks of smoking. In the European Union, since May 2016, the Tobacco Products Directive 2014/40/EU (TPD2) requires tobacco product packages to carry combined health warnings consisting of a picture, a text warning and information on stop smoking services, covering 65% of the front and back of the packages. Methods Key measures of warning label effectiveness (salience, cognitive reactions and behavioural reaction) before and after implementation of the TPD2, determinants of warning labels’ effectiveness and country differences were examined in a longitudinal sample of 6011 adult smokers from Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Spain (EUREST-PLUS Project) using longitudinal Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) models. Results In the pooled sample, the warning labels’ effectiveness increased significantly over time in terms of salience (adjusted OR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.03–1.35), while cognitive and behavioural reactions did not show clear increases. Generally, among women, more highly educated smokers and less addicted smokers, the effectiveness of warning labels tended to be higher. Conclusion We found an increase in salience, but no clear increases for cognitive and behavioural reactions to the new warning labels as required by the TPD2. While it is likely that our study underestimated the impact of the new pictorial warning labels, it provides evidence that health messages on tobacco packaging are more salient when supported by large pictures.

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