Lululemon Athletica

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Alice M. Tybout
Keyword(s):  
Early Experience ◽  
Product Line ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Single Product ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Growth Prospects

The case traces the development of Lululemon Athletica (Lulu) from founder Chip Wilson's first post-yoga euphoria in 1997 through the sale of all his shares in 2015. Officially founded in 1998, Lulu was built on the foundation of its “miracle” figure-enhancing yoga pants made from a proprietary stretch fiber. The case outlines Wilson's early experience in technical performance wear, which gave him the expertise needed to launch the Lululemon brand with its premium-priced, fashion-designed product line targeted at upscale women. The case also highlights the retailing and promotion approach that drove Lulu's first decade of success. The snapshot of how the Lulu brand cult was born and diffused provides the backdrop for assessing whether the brand has already hit its peak or whether it can sustain the explosive growth that effectively created the athleisure category. To aid in this determination, the case presents two competitors as comparative foils (Under Armour and Athleta) to contextualize Lulu's growth prospects. The Lululemon case highlights the importance of the competitive frame of reference when positioning a brand and describes how this may differ for the three competitors. The case also allows for a discussion of the challenges of maintaining the congruence of a retail brand with a diverse product line. This struggle is unique to retailers who must fit ever-varied product assortments (not just a single product line) under the umbrella of a single brand proposition, and is particularly relevant to vertically integrated brands such as Lululemon.

Paper 1: Project Management of Bloodhound

1968 ◽  
Vol 183 (11) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
D. Rowley ◽  
H. Metcalfe
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Product Line ◽  
Weapon System ◽  
Single Product ◽  
Supersonic Aircraft ◽  
Contractual Arrangements ◽  
Management Techniques

The Bloodhound anti-aircraft surface-to-air defence project in two main Marks has been under development and in production for some 18 years, with total costs of well over £100 million. It has been subjected to about 20 different operational requirements, including the need to satisfy three Air Forces and an Army with different defence needs, there have been numerous reorganizations of the Ministries responsible for development and the companies concerned have been reorganized and in some cases merged. The Guided Weapons (G.W.) team at the British Aircraft Corporation (BAC) responsible for Bloodhound has graduated from a single product line to a multi-project business and from developing a pilotless supersonic aircraft of unique design, to recognizing and handling the complete weapon system and the management tasks arising from substantial sales. The project started before sophisticated management techniques were respectable in England, but it has been found worthwhile to apply many of the principles and procedures even during the later stages. Major sub-contractors have been coordinated under a variety of contractual arrangements. Despite its kaleidoscopic background, the project has been a successful one both for the company and the nation. A number of considerable risk situations have been dealt with as a result of successful negotiations between government departments, the company, the customers and the various sub-contractors. A number of shortcomings on our techniques still exist and the paper concludes by suggesting priorities for management of future major systems.

scholarly journals Multiproduct Quality Competition:Fighting Brands and Product Line Pruning

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 748-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin P Johnson ◽  
David P Myatt
Keyword(s):  
Price Discrimination ◽  
General Condition ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Product Line ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Differentiated Products ◽  
Product Lines ◽  
Single Product ◽  
Intertemporal Price Discrimination ◽  
The Common

Firms selling multiple quality-differentiated products frequently alter their product lines when a competitor enters the market. We present a model of multiproduct monopoly and duopoly using a general “upgrades” approach that yields a powerful analytical framework. We provide an explanation for the common strategies of using “fighting brands” and of product line “pruning.” The optimal strategy depends on whether entry prompts an incumbent to expand or contract its total output. We also present a general condition that guarantees that a monopolist will sell but a single product. Our model addresses other issues, including intertemporal price discrimination and “damaged goods.”

scholarly journals Product Line Choices

2021 ◽  
pp. 177-181
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Jeannet ◽  
Thierry Volery ◽  
Heiko Bergmann ◽  
Cornelia Amstutz
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Product Line ◽  
Global Markets ◽  
Small Company ◽  
Small Space ◽  
Single Product ◽  
Line Depth

AbstractSuccess in global markets is not only dependent on the quality and effectiveness of a single product. For many firms, even as they focus on narrow niches, the number of product variations they can cram into a narrow market space becomes a competitive advantage. How SMEs dealt with requirements for product line depth vs. breadth and, in particular, how they managed to use platforming and modularity to maximize product variations to increase the number of SKUs offered in their chosen market space. To enable such market cramming, companies have adopted extensive modularization strategies to create a maximum of product variations from a limited set of components. Platforming is another method companies use to create multiple variations from a single platform which is more efficient to produce and market. The combination of both modularization and platforming is allowing this game to be played to an even greater extent, permitting a small company to become a relative giant in a small space.

Replication of Bacteriophage 186 DNA

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
Dhruba K. Chattoraj ◽  
Ross B. Inman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dna Replication ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Dna Molecules ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Phage Dna ◽  
Partial Denaturation

Electron microscopy of replicating intermediates has been quite useful in understanding the mechanism of DNA replication in DNA molecules of bacteriophage, mitochondria and plasmids. The use of partial denaturation mapping has made the tool more powerful by providing a frame of reference by which the position of the replicating forks in bacteriophage DNA can be determined on the circular replicating molecules. This provided an easy means to find the origin and direction of replication in λ and P2 phage DNA molecules. DNA of temperate E. coli phage 186 was found to have an unique denaturation map and encouraged us to look into its mode of replication.

Abstract #1211 Early Experience of Gene Sequencing Classifier Compared to Gene Expression Classifier

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 309-310
Author(s):  
Mayumi Endo ◽  
Fadi Nabhan ◽  
Laura Ryan ◽  
Shumei Meng ◽  
John Phay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
Early Experience ◽  
Gene Expression Classifier

Die Spezifität von Begabungsüberzeugungen als Determinante des verbalen und mathematischen Begabungsselbstkonzepts

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Möller ◽  
Britta Pohlmann ◽  
Lilian Streblow ◽  
Julia Kaufmann
Keyword(s):  
Reference Model ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
External Frame

Zusammenfassung: Das I/E-Modell (“Internal/External Frame of Reference Model”) von Marsh (1986) postuliert, dass Schülerinnen und Schüler dimensionale Vergleiche der eigenen Leistungen in einem Fach mit den Leistungen in einem anderen Fach anstellen. Diese Vergleiche führen dazu, dass z. B. Schüler mit guten Leistungen in Mathematik ihre verbalen Fähigkeiten niedriger einschätzen. Gegenstand dieser Untersuchung mit N = 1114 Probanden ist die Frage, ob die Überzeugungen von Personen zum Zusammenhang von mathematischer und verbaler Begabung die Effekte dimensionaler Vergleiche moderieren. Analysen zeigten die Bedeutung der Begabungsüberzeugungen der Schülerinnen und Schüler: Negative Zusammenhänge zwischen den Fachleistungen in einem Fach und dem akademischen Selbstkonzept in einem anderen Fach ergaben sich insbesondere für Personen, die annehmen, dass Begabung domänenspezifisch ist, man also entweder mathematisch oder sprachlich begabt ist. Für Schüler mit eher wenig spezifischer Begabungsüberzeugung ergaben sich geringere Effekte dimensionaler Vergleiche.

Values and intergroup perceptions of East Germans and West Germans in 1998 1This research was supported by a grant from the German Research Society (We 1106/3-1).

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-272
Author(s):  
Jörg Doll ◽  
Michael Dick
Keyword(s):  
Research Society ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Perceived Similarity ◽  
The West ◽  
Need For Uniqueness ◽  
German Research ◽  
East German ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
East West

The studies reported here focus on similarities and dissimilarities between the terminal value hierarchies ( Rokeach, 1973 ) ascribed to different groups ( Schwartz & Struch, 1990 ). In Study 1, n = 65 East Germans and n = 110 West Germans mutually assess the respective ingroup and outgroup. In this intra-German comparison the West Germans, with a mean intraindividual correlation of rho = 0.609, perceive a significantly greater East-West similarity between the group-related value hierarchies than the East Germans, with a mean rho = 0.400. Study 2 gives East German subjects either a Swiss (n = 58) or Polish (n = 59) frame of reference in the comparison between the categories German and East German. Whereas the Swiss frame of reference should arouse a need for uniqueness, the Polish frame of reference should arouse a need for similarity. In accordance with expectations, the Swiss frame of reference significantly reduces the correlative similarity between German and East German from a mean rho = 0.703 in a control group (n = 59) to a mean rho = 0.518 in the experimental group. Contrary to expectations, the Polish frame of reference does not lead to an increase in perceived similarity (mean rho = 0.712).

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