Artificial intelligence: scope, players, markets and geography

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Paul Simon
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Desk Research ◽  
The Eu

Purpose This paper aims to clarify the notion of artificial intelligence (AI), reviewing the present scope of the phenomenon through its main applications. It aims at describing the various applications while assessing the markets, highlighting some of the leading industrial sectors in the field. Therefore, it identifies pioneering companies and the geographical distribution of AI companies. Design/methodology/approach The paper builds upon an in-depth investigation of public initiatives focusing mostly on the EU. It is based on desk research, a comprehensive review of the main grey and scientific literature in this field. Findings The paper notes that there is no real consensus on any definition for this umbrella term, that the definition does fluctuate over time but highlights some of the main changes and advances that took place over the past 60 years. It stresses that, in spite of the hype, on both the business and consumer sides, the demand appears uncertain. The scope of the announced disruptions is not easy to assess, technological innovation associated with AI may be modest or take some time to be fully deployed. However, some companies and regions are leading already in the field. Research limitations/implications The paper, based on desk research, does not consider any expert opinions. Besides, the scientific literature on the phenomenon is still scarce (but not the technical one in the specific research sectors of AI). Most of the data come from consultancies or government publications which may introduce some bias, although the paper gathered various, often conflicting viewpoints. Originality/value The paper gives a thorough review of the available literature (consultancies, governments) stressing the limitations of the available research on economic and social aspects. It aims at providing a comprehensive overview of the major trends in the field. It gives a global overview of companies and regions.

Converting debt into equity in private limited companies in Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-123
Author(s):  
Adam Reekie
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Legal Capital ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Original Intention ◽  
Commercial Code ◽  
Historical Investigation ◽  
The Eu

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the prohibition on debt-to-equity conversions for private limited companies in Thailand, resulting from an interpretation of Section 1119 of the Thai Civil and Commercial Code (TCCC) adopted by academics and the regulator. Design/methodology/approach This paper critically examines the interpretation of Section 1119 of the TCCC made by academics, the Thai Supreme Court and the regulator. Taking an approach, which draws on debate in the EU over the past two decades, this paper presents a new understanding of the rules relating to legal capital in Thailand. This new understanding is applied to challenge the orthodox interpretation of Section 1119. Findings The interpretation proposed by this paper is that debt-to-equity conversions may be permitted when viewed as shares issued in return for payment in kind. This proposed interpretation is consistent with existing Thai Supreme Court jurisprudence. In addition, a close reading of the provision, further supported by a historical investigation into the legislative drafting process, reveals that it reflects the original intention behind this provision. Originality/value This paper presents a view of Thai legal capital rules, which challenges the orthodox understanding of their nature, purpose and categorisation. Furthermore, the proposed interpretation of Section 1119 of the TCCC, if adopted by the regulator, would permit Thai private limited companies to engage in debt-to-equity swaps without further legislative intervention.

Revisiting upcycling phenomena: a concept in clothing industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Paras ◽  
Antonela Curteza
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Clothing Industry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Material Evaluation ◽  
Current State ◽  
Review Current

Purpose The purpose of this study is to review the literature and practice of upcycling. In particular, the objective of this study is threefold: to comprehend the concept of upcycling and, subsequently, understanding the prominent terminologies used in the literature; to understand the process of upcycling and problem associated with it; and to review current literature and practice of upcycling for clothes. Design/methodology/approach A scientific literature review procedure proposed by Mayring (2002) was adopted to select and screen the paper that comprises the following steps: material collection, descriptive analysis and material evaluation. Findings Upcycling literature has witnessed significant contribution in the past one decade. The paper has identified various terminologies and definitions such as recycling, down-cycling, upcycling and redesign, which are used in the literature. Research limitations/implications The present study may help the scholars to understand the current state of literature. A practitioner of upcycling can use the findings to improve and standardise the existing process. Originality/value The process of redesigning is one of the important steps in upcycling, which comprises ideation, reconstruction and fitting. The limitation of redesigning is variability in size and pattern. This can be overcome through various techniques such as craftsmanship, time, innovation, provenance, desire and narrative.

Classifying changes. A taxonomy of contemporary coworking spaces

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Orel ◽  
Will Martin Bennis
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Work Environments ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
Shared Workspaces ◽  
Coworking Spaces

Purpose During the past decade, the coworking concept has expanded and evolved along with the industry associated with it, so that references to coworking often refer to notions quite distinct from the original conception. The purpose of this paper is to establish a classification of contemporary coworking environments and clarify the scholarly, as well as the industry usage of a coworking model. Design/methodology/approach The paper reviews popular and scientific literature and the authors’ field experience in the industry to derive three defining features of coworking and distinct categories that help clarify the concept and can be used to identify and evaluate coworking spaces. Findings The main finding behind the following paper is the taxonomy of contemporary coworking spaces that takes into account the broad spectrum of shared workspaces that commonly receive the coworking label, specifies the features required to warrant that label and provides a framework for understanding the defining factors of a coworking model. The taxonomy showcases four unalike types of coworking spaces and the three types of non-coworking shared offices that are repeatedly and somewhat mistakenly labeled as coworking environments. Originality/value Understanding the core differentiation between unalike models would enable scholars to guide and structure the study to evolve in coworking research. The taxonomy can be seen as a base for further research in the field of coworking that helps ensure scholars are sufficiently specific and distinctive in the shared subject of their research, suggests a roadmap for future coworking research and provides a tool to evaluate real-world examples of work environments concerning the degree they fit the coworking concept.

Customer satisfaction and its measurement in hospitality enterprises: a revisit and update

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Pizam ◽  
Valeriya Shapoval ◽  
Taylor Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Online Tools ◽  
Tools And Techniques ◽  
Tourism Services

Purpose This paper aims to review and discuss customer satisfaction and its application to the hospitality and tourism industries. This paper defines the concept and analyzes its importance to services in general and to hospitality/tourism services in particular. This paper is a revision and update of an article previously published by Pizam and Ellis (1999) on customer satisfaction measurements. Design/methodology/approach The most recent research on customer satisfaction measurements and scales is summarized and presented in the paper. Findings Following a discussion on the dimensions and attributes of satisfaction, the main methods of measuring satisfaction are listed, and cross-cultural issues that affect satisfaction are reviewed. Finally, the paper concludes with a comprehensive review of the current online tools and techniques available for measuring customer satisfaction. Research limitations/implications This summary gives a good overview to researchers who require a comprehensive review of the available research measurements and scales for customer satisfaction. Originality/value For the past decade, a considerable amount of research has been conducted in customer satisfaction. Finding the appropriate measurements and scales for customer satisfaction can be time-consuming and confusing. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the best-known measurements and scales in customer satisfaction research. The paper also provides innovative online tools and techniques available for research.

Halal industry’s response to a current and post-COVID-19 landscape and lessons from the past

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutan Emir Hidayat ◽  
Ahmad Rafiki ◽  
Muhammad Dharma Tuah Putra Nasution
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Conference Theme ◽  
A Current ◽  
Industry Conference

Purpose This paper aims to analyze the Halal industry before, during and after the COVID-19 outbreak. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative content analysis derived from a narrative-type literature review – supported by expert opinions elicited from semi-structured interviews and transcripts from the keynotes of five prominent speakers at a Halal industry conference during the pandemic. The conference theme covered the Halal industry’s development and strategies before, during and after the COVID-19 outbreak. Findings There are opinions, concerns and actionable suggestions from the five prominent guests on how the Halal industry is faced with challenges but also new opportunities, with the potential to lead an agenda toward community and transparency. Originality/value The halal industry could survive the ravaging COVID-19 and still has the potential to be explored. Expectedly, it makes this occasion an assessment or benchmark to improve the Halal industry and lifestyle in the future and contributes to the betterment of the ummah and Muslim countries.

Evolutions and trends of artificial intelligence (AI): research, output, influence and competition

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhou Shao ◽  
Sha Yuan ◽  
Yongli Wang ◽  
Jing Xu
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Knowledge Graph ◽  
Strategy Formulation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Academic Knowledge ◽  
The Past

PurposeThis paper throws light on some of the nature of artificial intelligence (AI) development, which will serve as a starter for helping to advance its development.Design/methodology/approachThis work reveals the evolutions and trends of AI from four dimensions: research, output, influence and competition through leveraging academic knowledge graph with 130,750 AI scholars and 43,746 scholarly articles.FindingsThe authors unearth that the “research convergence” phenomenon becomes more evident in current AI research for scholars' highly similar research interests in different regions. The authors notice that Pareto's principle applies to AI scholars' outputs, and the outputs have been increasing at an explosive rate in the past two decades. The authors discover that top works dominate the AI academia, for they attracted considerable attention. Finally, the authors delve into AI competition, which accelerates technology development, talent flow, and collaboration.Originality/valueThe work aims to throw light on the nature of AI development, which will serve as a starter for helping to advance its development. The work will help us to have a more comprehensive and profound understanding of the evolutions and trends, which bridge the gap between literature research and AI development as well as enlighten the way the authors promote AI development and its strategy formulation.

scholarly journals Reverse logistics uncertainty in a courier industry: a triadic model

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Wang ◽  
Bill Wang ◽  
Ricky Chan
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Reverse Logistics ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Type A ◽  
Type B ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Returns Management ◽  
Desk Research ◽  
Triadic Model

PurposeDue to increasing supply chain complexity, the supply chain uncertainty has become an imperative issue, which hinders the development of modern logistics and supply chain management. The paper attempts to conceptualize reverse logistics uncertainty from supply chain uncertainty literature and present the types of reverse logistics uncertainty in a triadic model.Design/methodology/approachThe concept of reverse logistics uncertainty is developed based on a triadic model of logistics uncertainty and supply chain uncertainty literature. A desk research is conducted to develop a taxonomy of reverse logistics uncertainty. To better depict the reverse logistics uncertainty, we use case studies to discuss the types of reverse logistics uncertainty in the triadic model.FindingsThe study reveals four types of supply chain uncertainties in the reverse logistics. We call them reverse logistics uncertainty. Type-A and Type-B uncertainty are new types of supply chain uncertainty in the reverse logistics.Research limitations/implicationsThe types of reverse logistics uncertainty have not been empirically validated in industries. Especially, the two new types including Type-A and Type-B reverse uncertainty need further exploration.Originality/valueAlthough reverse logistics has been discussed in the past decades, very few studies have been conducted on the supply chain uncertainty in returns management arena. The paper offers valuable insights to better understand the supply chain uncertainty in the reverse logistics. This also provides suggestions for both managers and researchers to reflect on the reverse logistics uncertainty management and business sustainability.

Rethinking the role of the EU in enhancing European competitiveness

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Ketels ◽  
Michael E. Porter
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Many ◽  
European Economies ◽  
The Eu

Purpose This paper aims to review the evidence on Europe’s economic performance and on the role played by policies pursued at the European Union (EU) level, using the competitiveness framework as the conceptual lens. Design/methodology/approach Why has Europe not made more progress on upgrading its competitiveness over the past few decades, despite the many initiatives that the EU has launched? Findings It finds Europe’s sluggish performance to be driven by a failure to adjust the EU’s policy approach to fundamental changes in the competitiveness context and challenges faced by European economies. Originality/value Based on this analysis, the paper suggests a new role for the EU in supporting EU member countries and regions in achieving higher levels of competitiveness.

When the mobile app is free, the product is your personal data

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spyros E. Polykalas ◽  
George N. Prezerakos
Keyword(s):  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Google Play ◽  
The Eu

Purpose Mobile devices (smartphones, tables etc.) have become the de facto means of accessing the internet. While traditional Web browsing is still quite popular, significant interaction takes place via native mobile apps that can be downloaded either freely or at a cost. This has opened the door to a number of issues related to privacy protection since the smartphone stores and processes personal data. The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent of access to personal data, required by the most popular mobile apps available in Google Play store. In addition, it is examined whether the relevant procedure is in accordance with the provisions of the new EU Regulation. Design/methodology/approach The paper examines more than a thousand mobile apps, available from the Google Play store, with respect to the extent of the requests for access to personal data. In particular, for each available category in Google Play store, the most popular mobile apps have been examined both for free and paid apps. In addition, the permissions required by free and paid mobile apps are compared. Furthermore, a correlation analysis is carried out aiming to reveal any correlation between the extent of required access to personal data and the popularity and the rating of each mobile app. Findings The findings of this paper suggest that the majority of examined mobile apps require access to personal data to a high extent. In addition, it is found that free mobile apps request access to personal data in a higher extent compared to the relevant requests by paid apps, which indicates strongly that the business model of free mobile apps is based on personal data exploitation. The most popular types of access permissions are revealed for both free and paid apps. In addition, important questions are raised in relation to user awareness and behavior, data minimization and purpose limitation for free and paid mobile apps. Originality/value In this study, the process and the extent of access to personal data through mobile apps are analyzed. Although several studies analyzed relevant issues in the past, the originality of this research is mainly based on the following facts: first, this work took into account the recent Regulation of the EU in relation to personal data (GDPR); second, the authors analyzed a high number of the most popular mobile apps (more than a thousand); and third, the authors compare and analyze the different approaches followed between free and paid mobile apps.

FINRA’s disciplinary actions in 2017: increased restitution ordered with minimal changes in number of cases

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Brian Rubin ◽  
Adam Pollet
Keyword(s):  
Money Laundering ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Disciplinary Actions ◽  
Financial Industry ◽  
Electronic Communications ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Expert Analysis ◽  
Research Analysts ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority’s (FINRA) 2017 disciplinary actions, the issues that resulted in the most significant fines and restitution and the emerging enforcement trends from 2017 and beyond. Design/methodology/approach The approach of this paper discusses the disciplinary actions in 2017 and prior years, details the top 2017 enforcement issues measured by total fines assessed, including anti-money laundering, trade reporting, electronic communications, books and records, research analysts and research reports, and explains current enforcement trends, including restitution, suitability cases and technological issues. Findings In 2017, restitution more than doubled from the prior year, resulting in the fourth highest total sanctions (fines combined with restitution and disgorgement) assessed by FINRA over the past 10 years. Practical implications Firms and their representatives should heed the trends in both the substantial restitution FINRA is ordering and the related enforcement issues in the cases FINRA has brought. Originality/value This paper provides expert analysis and guidance from experienced securities enforcement lawyers.

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