scholarly journals Balancing diversity in innovation networks

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Sandberg ◽  
Jonny Holmström ◽  
Nannette Napier ◽  
Per Levén
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Innovation Networks ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Trading Zones ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Collaboration And Communication ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
University Industry ◽  
Innovation Processes

Purpose – Although the potential of innovation networks that involve both university and industry actors is great variances in cultures, goals and knowledge poses significant challenges. To better understand management of such innovation networks, the authors investigate different strategies for balancing diversity. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – In this multiple case study, the authors draw on network and trading zone theory to examine the strategies of four research centers that govern university-industry innovation networks. Findings – The authors provide empirically grounded descriptions of strategies for balancing diversity in innovation processes, extend previous theorizations by suggesting two types of trading zones (transformative and performative), and identify four strategy configuration dimensions (means of knowledge trade, tie configuration, knowledge mobility mechanisms and types of trust). Research limitations/implications – Further research is needed on transferability of results when, e.g. cultural collaboration and communication patterns change, and performance implications of different configurations. The research provides conceptual tools for future research on the impact of different diversity strategies. Practical implications – The findings point to the importance of identifying desired types of innovation outcomes and designing the appropriate level of diversity. To implement the selected strategy, managers need to configure communication channels and strength of relationships, establish associated capacity for knowledge transfer and build appropriate levels of trust. Originality/value – While extant research has provided a solid understanding of benefits from diversity in boundary spanning innovation processes, this paper outlines strategies for managing associated challenges.

The impact of service innovation on firm performance: a meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Changli Feng ◽  
Ruize Ma ◽  
Lin Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Service Innovation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Quantitative Review ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeWith the rise of service economy, many companies are attempting to gain a competitive advantage through service innovation. However, the existing research has not drawn consistent conclusions about the relationship between service innovation and firm performance. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to provide a quantitative review on the service innovation-performance relationship based on research findings reported in the extant literature.Design/methodology/approachStudies from 46 peer-reviewed articles were sampled and analyzed. A meta-analytic approach was adopted to conduct a quantitative review on the relationship between service innovation and firm performance, and the effects of any potential moderators were further explored.FindingsThe results found that service innovation has a significant positive impact on firm performance. Additionally, the relationship between service innovation and firm performance is influenced by measurement moderators (economic region and performance measurement), and contextual moderators (firm type, innovation type, customer factors and attitudes toward risk).Originality/valueThe meta-analysis has been used to explore the relationship between service innovation and firm performance, and the findings have contributed to the literature on service innovation, as well as providing future research directions.

Healthcare facilities maintenance management: a literature review

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Yousefli ◽  
Fuzhan Nasiri ◽  
Osama Moselhi
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Facility Management ◽  
Maintenance Management ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Management Functions ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The complexity and criticality of healthcare services highlight the importance of maintenance management function in healthcare facilities. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on maintenance management of healthcare facilities and hospital buildings to provide an organized literature review and identify gaps from the perspective of research and practice. Design/methodology/approach The paper categorizes the literature and adopts a review hierarchy according to maintenance management functions in hospital buildings. It explores the impact of those functions on the performance of maintenance activities in hospitals. Furthermore, it examines the role of information technology and automated decision support systems in facilitating hospital maintenance management functions and performance. Findings Literature on maintenance management in healthcare facilities and hospital buildings has so far been very limited. Recently published literature focusing on healthcare facilities management and its maintenance management functions is classified into various areas and sub-areas. The paper highlights gaps in the literature and suggests avenues for future research and improvements. Originality/value The paper contains a comprehensive listing of publications and their classifications according to various attributes. It will be useful for researchers, maintenance managers, practitioners and stakeholders concerned with facility management of hospital buildings.

Dispersion beyond miles: configuration and performance in virtual teams

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambika Prasad ◽  
Darleen DeRosa ◽  
Michael Beyerlein
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Teams ◽  
Team Performance ◽  
Electronic Communication ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand different aspects of structural dispersion in virtual teams (VTs). The study measures five types of dispersion, their impact on VT performance and the moderating effect of electronic communication. Design/methodology/approach The authors collected data from 44 globally distributed VTs representing 403 members. The authors used details of the members’ locations to measure five elements of dispersion for each team: spatial, time-zone, number of locations, extent of numerical balance across locations and extent of isolated members for a team. The authors used two items to assess effective electronic communication and measured team performance on four items from three sources – members, leaders and third-party stakeholders. Findings Using regression, the authors found that the number of sites, degree of team balance and isolation had a negative impact on team performance. Spatial and temporal dispersion did not impact performance. Effective electronic communication moderated the relationship of team performance with team balance and the number of sites. Research limitations/implications Study presents novel findings on the role of team configuration in VTs. Limitations: the study provides pointers to the likelihood of a non-linear relationship between spatial distance and performance; however, the scope of the paper does not permit an examination of this model. Future research can study this relationship. Second, the study does not examine how team configuration impacts the team processes that discount performance. Finally, the study treats each index of dispersion as independent of the others. The analysis does not study the interplay between and among the indices. Practical implications The findings provide clear indicators for managers and researchers of VTs on the issues associated with the location and configuration of the teams. Managers, while designing and managing dispersed members are now informed of the impact of the number of sites and the sub-group dynamics. The study underscores the importance of effective electronic communication in managing dispersion. Social implications The study presents how faultiness based on location of VT sub-groups (as represented in the configuration of a team) can hamper performance. Literature suggests that this faultiness can also extend to social identities (based on gender, culture, etc.). The indicators provided by this study in this respect provide a topical focus for research because diverse dispersed teams are becoming more prevalent. Originality/value The study is the first empirical exploration of dispersion in VTs beyond the traditionally acknowledged dimensions of spatial distance and time-zones. It is a timely response to the recent trends in literature. Additionally, the study derives data from a unique data set of global VTs, thus making findings easily generalizable.

Academic research meets practice: why controversial results are not controversial

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick M. Wright ◽  
Anthony J. Nyberg
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measures ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Chief Executive ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ceo Pay ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Hiring And Firing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to explore some of the practical challenges boards face in setting chief executive officer (CEO) pay to show why the failure to see considerable overlap between pay and performance may not be due to poor governance. Design/methodology/approach This paper critically explores the different types of pay reported in public sources (actual vs realized) and the types of performance measures used in CEO pay research. This paper then conceptually reviews the broader governance responsibility of boards, particularly the hiring and firing of CEOs and the impact these decisions have on CEO pay. Findings The authors suggest that much of the lack of overlap between pay and performance may be because of misaligned timing of the pay and performance measures, differences between internally promoted and externally hired CEOs and severance packages of fired CEOs. They conclude that the lack of overlap may not signal failure on the part of boards, but rather may reflect the risk and uncertainty those boards face in hiring and firing of CEOs. Research limitations/implications The analysis shows how using publicly available sources of pay and performance data ignores the practical challenges that boards face in setting pay, and suggests greater care be given to future research purporting to show that boards are failing in their governance responsibilities. Practical implications CEO pay may not be as misaligned with performance as many researchers conclude, but may be due to the risks and uncertainty inherent in governance. Social implications The distributive justice critique of CEO pay may not be valid. Originality/value As opposed to simply mining public databases, this paper more accurately describes some of the variables that impact how boards set CEO pay.

Innovation ability of universities and the efficiency of university–industry knowledge flow: the moderating effect of provincial innovative agglomeration

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaopeng Zhang ◽  
Xiaohong Wang ◽  
Ben Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Knowledge Flow ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Data Envelopment Analysis Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Knowledge Transformation ◽  
Innovation Ability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
University Industry

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of the innovation ability of universities (IAU) on the efficiency of University–Industry knowledge flow and investigate whether the level of provincial innovative agglomeration (PIA) moderates the relationship between IAU and the efficiency of the University–Industry knowledge flow. Design/methodology/approach This study uses the super-efficiency data envelopment analysis model to measure knowledge research efficiency (KRE) and knowledge transformation efficiency (KTE) and then studies the influencing mechanism of the two kinds of efficiency using the spatial Tobit model with panel data from 2008 to 2017. Findings The results show that the overall KRE in Chinese universities is higher than the KTE. IAU has a significantly positive impact on KRE and KTE. PIA has a significantly inverted U-shaped influence on KRE and KTE and positively moderates the promoting effect of IAU on KRE and KTE. Research limitations/implications Due to the limitations of the data, this paper only selects several secondary indicators to measure KRE and KTE with reference to previous studies. Practical implications This study enriches the future research of University–Industry cooperation and knowledge flow and it is conducive to promoting the efficiency of University–Industry knowledge research and transformation from the perspective of universities, enterprises and local governments. Originality/value This study proposes the concept of University–Industry knowledge flow and divides the knowledge flow into the knowledge research stage and the knowledge transformation stage based on the knowledge supply chain theory. Moreover, the paper expands the theoretical framework of the impact of IAU on the efficiency of University–Industry knowledge flow and provides findings on the moderating effect of PIA.

Funding structure and technical efficiency

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Ofori-Sasu ◽  
Joshua Yindenaba Abor ◽  
Lord Mensah
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Emerging Economy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of funding structure on technical efficiency of banks in Ghana, between 2011 and 2016. Design/methodology/approach Employing the random-effect and the truncated panel data of 25 banks, the results present new evidence. Findings The findings reveal that Ghanaian banks are less technically efficient, as the average efficiency scores generated is below the threshold of 1. Furthermore, the results show that banks in Ghana finance their operations mainly with deposit source of funding. The results reveal a significantly positive relationship between funding structure and technical efficiency. However, internally generated source of funds was negatively linked with technical efficiency. This is not surprising because banks that rely on external funds attract higher costs than internally generated funds, and this puts pressure on managers to perform. The results are relevant to emerging economies when the authors use additional macroeconomic factors. Research limitations/implications Thus, a proportionally larger deposit base funding would typically lead to an overall increase in technical efficiency of banks in Ghana. Shareholders should put pressure on managers to plough back earnings in order to increase the use of internally generated funds, thus, increasing technical efficiency. Banks that are inefficient should make some adjustments to their weights of inputs and/or outputs combinations by following their benchmark banks (efficient banks) to improve their efficiency. Practical implications The results of this study have important implications for regulators, investors and policy makers, particularly an emerging economy. The implication of the study to investors is that investors should be able to identify an appropriate source of funds that can be used efficiently to maximize their wealth in emerging markets. It is important for regulators and managers of banks to improve technical efficiency by considering the role that macroeconomic and monetary environment play when identifying and using various sources of funds as a strategy to improve bank efficiency. Social implications Consequently, future research should investigate the impact of funding structure on technical efficiency for other regions and considering their interactions with institutional quality, macroeconomic factors and financial stability. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the study is the first to fulfill an urgent need to explore a robust approach of measuring technical efficiency and funding structure within the context of banks over six-year period, prompting insightful avenues to the survival, growth and performance of financiers in emerging economy.

scholarly journals Data-driven innovation processes within federated networks

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aya Rizk ◽  
Anna Ståhlbröst ◽  
Ahmed Elragal
Keyword(s):  
Innovation Process ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Innovation Networks ◽  
Digital Innovation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Growing Domain ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Innovation Processes

PurposeWithin digital innovation, there are two significant consequences of the pervasiveness of digital technology: (1) the increasing connectivity is enabling a wider reach and scope of innovation structures, such as innovation networks and (2) the unprecedented availability of digital data is creating new opportunities for innovation. Accordingly, there is a growing domain for studying data-driven innovation (DDI), especially in contemporary contexts of innovation networks. The purpose of this study is to explore how DDI processes take form in a specific type of innovation networks, namely federated networks.Design/methodology/approachA multiple case study design is applied in this paper. We draw our analysis from data collected over six months from four cases of DDI. The within-analysis is aimed at constructing the DDI process instance in each case, while the crosscase analysis focuses on pattern matching and cross-case synthesis of common and unique characteristics in the constructed processes.FindingsEvidence from the crosscase analysis suggests that the widely accepted four-phase digital innovation process (including discovery, development, diffusion and post-diffusion) does not account for the explorative nature of data analytics and DDI. We propose an extended process comprising an explicit exploration phase before development, where refinement of the innovation concept and exploring social relationships are essential. Our analysis also suggests two modes of DDI: (1) asynchronous, i.e. data acquired before development and (2) synchronous, i.e. data acquired after (or during) development. We discuss the implications of these modes on the DDI process and the participants in the innovation network.Originality/valueThe paper proposes an extended version of the digital innovation process that is more specifically suited for DDI. We also provide an early explanation to the variation in DDI process complexities by highlighting the different modes of DDI processes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first empirical investigation of DDI following the process from early stages of discovery till postdiffusion.

International experiential diversity and performance at project organizations

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winfried Ruigrok ◽  
Peder Greve ◽  
Martin Engeler
Keyword(s):  
Team Performance ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Project Team ◽  
Project Teams ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Project Organizations ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to shed new light on the link between diversity in project teams and team performance by examining the effects of players’ international career diversity on the performance of national football teams.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws upon the literature on project organizations and experiential diversity in teams. Using data on players’ international career backgrounds and team performance from the FIFA World Cup 2006, the authors test two hypotheses linking experiential diversity in teams and a measure of relative team performance. The dataset includes detailed individual background profiles of the 736 participating players and performance data from the 64 games played at the tournament.FindingsThe findings suggest that different types of experiential diversity have contrasting effects on team performance in a time‐limited project team setting.Research limitations/implicationsThese findings encourage team diversity researchers to further examine the impact of experiential diversity in teams on team process and performance outcomes in future research.Practical implicationsThe findings particularly highlight the need to carefully manage experiential diversity in project team settings in order to benefit from access to diverse tacit resources, while at the same time avoiding that the integrative capacities of teams becoming overstretched.Originality/valueThe paper is a step towards a better understanding of how diversity of individual career backgrounds affects team performance outcomes in project teams.

The impact of servitization on firm performance: a meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 1562-1588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijiao Wang ◽  
Kee-Hung Lai ◽  
Yongyi Shou
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Quantitative Review ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Servitization has been recognized as an effective means for manufacturers to achieve superior performance. However, the servitization-performance relationship is controversial since prior empirical studies have provided inconsistent and even contradictory results. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to provide a quantitative review on the servitization-performance relationship based on research findings reported in the extant literature. Design/methodology/approach Studies from 41 peer-reviewed journal articles were sampled and analyzed. A meta-analytic approach was adopted to conduct a quantitative review on the relationship between servitization and firm performance. Findings The results confirm a positive servitization-performance relationship. In addition, the results reveal that the observed servitization-performance relationship is influenced by the operationalization of constructs (servitization and performance) and control variables (industry and region). Originality/value As the first meta-analysis on the servitization-performance relationship, this study contributes to the servitization literature and provides future research directions.

The impact of non-urgent patients in emergency departments' operations

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Higor Leite
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Departments ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Healthcare Access ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Lean Six Sigma ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeGlobally, the presence of non-urgent patients in emergency departments (EDs) is considered one of the main reasons for creating excessive waiting times and overcrowding in units. This paper aims to understand the impact of non-urgent patients in EDs' operations.Design/methodology/approachThis study is based on qualitative case studies conducted within two Brazilian EDs, and uses interviews and observations to access the data.FindingsFrom a thematic analysis, three key themes emerged: characteristics of non-urgent demands in EDs, negative aspects of non-urgent patients in EDs, and the impact of the healthcare system model on EDs. These themes bring to light the impact that non-urgent patients have in EDs' operations, and provide theoretical and practical implications.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitation of this work is bound by the understanding of the non-urgent demands in EDs. Therefore, a benchmarking approach (investigating state-of-the-art practices to avoid such impact) was not applied but was suggested for future research instead.Practical implicationsThe research provides significant contributions to practitioners and policymakers, aiding future discussions to improve healthcare coverage and performance.Social implicationsThe research provides significant contributions for managers and policymakers, aiding future discussions to improve healthcare. For instance, the use of well-known techniques (e.g. lean, six sigma) are discussed and suggested to enhance healthcare capacity and performance. Furthermore, the policymakers are called upon to evaluate the healthcare access and provide regulations that involve innovative approaches to widen healthcare access.Originality/valueBased upon empirical data, this research extends the discussions related to non-urgent patient in EDs and is not limited merely to descriptive analysis, but by providing practical propositions and discussions related to the impact of these patients' presence in EDs' operations. Finally, the research provides a range of suggestions for future research related to the EDs' operational performance.

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