The development of inter-regional and intra-regional cooperation frameworks for multi-hazard early warning systems in South and South-East Asia

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben Paul Borg ◽  
Glorianne Borg Axisa ◽  
Taufika Ophiyandri ◽  
Abdul Hakam
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Coastal Hazards ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Content Type ◽  
2004 Tsunami

Purpose This paper aims to provide a framework for building resilience to coastal hazards with reference to Asian nations at the local, intra-regional and inter-regional levels. This framework provides a roadmap that will enable higher education institutions in the region to play a significant role in educating and training new leaders for disaster risk reduction (DRR) and in working directly with local communities to implement plans. Design/methodology/approach Events such as the 2004 tsunami highlighted the transboundary nature of coastal hazard and the importance of regional cooperation. A framework for inter- and intra-regional cooperation was developed through focus groups organised with community participants in five Asian nations exposed to coastal risks: Sri Lanka, Maldives, Myanmar, Indonesia and the Philippines. Findings Different stakeholders assessed inter- and intra-regional cooperation at different levels as a means to provide a baseline scenario to develop a capacity-building roadmap for such cooperation. The discussions organised through structured face-to-face encounters considered cooperation at different scales: international, regional, national and local. The framework key areas were developed and included knowledge databases, data and resource sharing and exchange education programmes. Originality/value Multi-hazard early warning for more resilient coastal communities is increasingly complex in view of the discourse related to the wider economic and social environments. The research proposes a framework for inter- and intra-regional cooperation at different scales; from local to regional and to the inter-continental dimensions and even through a bottom-up approach, together with the experts’ and managing authorities’ top-down positions.

Toward a typology of weak-signal early alert systems: functional early warning systems in the post-COVID age

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Černý ◽  
Martin Potančok ◽  
Elias Castro Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Weak Signal ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Weak Signals ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Human In The Loop ◽  
Early Alert Systems

PurposeThe study aims to expand on the concept of an early warning system (EWS) by introducing weak-signal detection, human-in-the-loop (HIL) verification and response tuning as integral parts of an EWS's design.Design/methodology/approachThe authors bibliographically highlight the evolution of EWS over the last 30+ years, discuss instances of EWSs in various types of organizations and industries and highlight limitations of current systems.FindingsProposed system to be used in the transforming of weak signals to early warnings and associated weak/strong responses.Originality/valueThe authors contribute to existing literature by presenting (1) novel approaches to dealing with some of the well-known issues associated with contemporary EWS and (2) an event-agnostic heuristic for dealing with weak signals.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/OIR-11-2020-0513.

TSUNAMI PROPAGATION MODELING AND FORECASTING FOR EARLY WARNING SYSTEM

2007 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 87-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAVEL TKALICH ◽  
MY HA DAO ◽  
ENG SOON CHAN
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Educational Outreach ◽  
Tsunami Propagation ◽  
Propagation Modeling ◽  
2004 Tsunami

After the devastating Indian Ocean 2004 Tsunami, coastal economies around the Indian Ocean have been reminded of the necessity to make well-coordinated efforts to deal with the tsunami problem. An integrated socio-technological infrastructure has to be built, with key tasks including advanced sensors, reliable communication networks, fast predictive algorithms, early warning systems, and educational outreach. This paper highlights the key features of a prediction system under development in Singapore in support of the early warning system being developed in the region.

The Sahel faces complex food and climate challenges

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Good Basis ◽  
Sustained Development ◽  
Full Benefit

Subject Food security and climate change challenges in the Sahel. Significance Despite improved cereal output in 2018-19, many communities have entered the annual ‘lean season’ in a fragile position. Climate change is slowly destabilising the regional balance, while spreading insecurity prevents the region from realising the full benefit of its sustained development efforts. Impacts At 17.7% above the five-year average, the 2018-19 cereal harvest offers a good basis to meet needs during the May-September lean season. Local shortages should be spotted by robust regional early warning systems, with emergency grain stocks and donors ready to step in. Pastoralist populations are in a particularly vulnerable position, as insecurity affects access to many important grazing zones.

Disability inclusiveness of early warning system: a study on flood-prone areas of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Musabber Ali Chisty ◽  
Ashrafuzzaman Nazim ◽  
Md. Mostafizur Rahman ◽  
Syeda Erena Alam Dola ◽  
Nesar Ahmed Khan
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Flood Prone Areas ◽  
Response Capability

PurposePersons with disabilities face the impacts of disasters differently. Early warning systems can be one of the powerful tools to reduce the vulnerabilities of persons with disabilities and mitigate the impacts of disasters. The main objective of this study was to assess the disability inclusiveness of the current early warning system (EWS) in flood-prone areas of Bangladesh.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative method was focused on getting in-depth information. Persons with disabilities participated in focus group discussions (FGDs) and shared the inclusiveness and gaps of the current EWS. Through extensive literature review, a checklist was developed to conduct the FGDs. QDA Miner 6.0.6 software was used for coding and analyzing the data.FindingsResults indicated that, though persons with disabilities have proper risk knowledge, the current monitoring and warning service, dissemination and communication, and response capability are not fully inclusive. A significant gap in the EWS was found in response capability. Even if somehow persons with disabilities manage to receive a warning about a flood, they lack the capacity to respond to the warning.Research limitations/implicationsThe study proposed that to make an EWS inclusive and effective, the concerned authorities should focus on all four parts of the EWS.Originality/valueStudies related to disability and disaster management are not very common. Conducting a qualitative study provided the persons with disabilities the opportunity to share their perspectives. Future studies can focus on vulnerability and capacity assessment of persons with disabilities to identify areas requiring interventions to enhance resilience.

scholarly journals Conceptual Design of Extreme Sea-Level Early Warning Systems Based on Uncertainty Quantification and Engineering Optimization Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cléa Denamiel ◽  
Xun Huan ◽  
Ivica Vilibić
Keyword(s):  
Uncertainty Quantification ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Coastal Hazards ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
Hazard Assessments

Coastal hazards linked to extreme sea-level events are projected to have a direct impact (by flooding) on 630 million of people by year 2100. Numerous operational forecasts already provide coastal hazard assessments around the world. However, they are largely based on either deterministic tools (e.g., numerical ocean and atmospheric models) or ensemble approaches which are both highly demanding in terms of high-performance computing (HPC) resources. Through a robust learning process, we propose conceptual design of an innovative architecture for extreme sea-level early warning systems based on uncertainty quantification/reduction and optimization methods. This approach might be cost-effective in terms of real-time computational needs while maintaining reliability and trustworthiness of the hazard assessments. The proposed architecture relies on three main tools aligning numerical forecasts with observations: (1) surrogate models of extreme sea-levels using polynomial chaos expansion, Gaussian processes or machine learning, (2) fast data assimilation via Bayesian inference, and (3) optimal experimental design of the observational network. A surrogate model developed for meteotsunami events – i.e., atmospherically induced long ocean waves in a tsunami frequency band – has already been proven to greatly improve the reliability of extreme sea-level hazard assessments. Such an approach might be promising for several coastal hazards known to destructively impact the world coasts, like hurricanes or typhoons and seismic tsunamis.

scholarly journals Pola Kejadian Tsunami dan Perkembangan Manajemen Bencana di Indonesia setelah Tsunami Samudra Hindia Tahun 2004: Sebuah Tinjauan

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bachtiar W. Mutaqin ◽  
Ikhwan Amri ◽  
Bagas Aditya
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
Tsunami Early Warning ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
2004 Tsunami

Indonesia memiliki catatan sejarah yang panjang dengan bencana tsunami. Dari sejumlah kejadian tsunami yang ada, tsunami Samudra Hindia tahun 2004 dinilai sebagai bencana alam yang paling mematikan sepanjang abad dan paling berperan dalam mengubah paradigma manajemen kebencanaan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau pola kejadian tsunami dan perkembangan manajemen bencana di Indonesia setelah tsunami tahun 2004 dengan memanfaatkan database tsunami dan tinjauan literatur. Sebanyak 22 kejadian tsunami telah tercatat di Indonesia selama 2005-2018, di mana sebagian besar lokasi tsunami terkonsentrasi di Pulau Sumatera bagian barat dan bersumber dari Samudra Hindia. Tujuh kejadian diantaranya menimbulkan dampak signifikan, termasuk dua tsunami terakhir yang dipicu oleh faktor non seismik. Sistem manajemen bencana sebenarnya telah mengalami perubahan secara besar-besaran setelah tsunami tahun 2004, mulai dari berlakunya peraturan perundang-undangan tentang penanggulangan bencana, pembentukan institusi baru untuk penanggulangan bencana, hingga konstuksi sistem peringatan dini tsunami (InaTEWS). Meskipun telah berfokus pada upaya preventif, dampak tsunami dalam beberapa tahun terakhir masih cukup besar. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh 4 faktor utama: (1) konsentrasi penduduk yang tinggi di area bahaya tsunami, (2) terbatasnya infrastruktur diseminasi peringatan dini, (3) kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat untuk melakukan evakuasi mandiri tanpa menunggu peringatan, dan (4) sistem peringatan dini tsunami belum mempertimbangkan faktor non seismik.Indonesia has a long history with the tsunami. From numerous tsunami events in the world, the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was considered as the deadliest natural disaster of the century and had the most role in changing the paradigm of disaster management in Indonesia. This study aims to review the spatial pattern of tsunami events and the development of disaster management in Indonesia following the 2004 tsunami through the tsunami database and literature review. At least there are 22 tsunami events were recorded in Indonesia in the period of 2005-2018, where most of its locations were concentrated on the western part of Sumatra Island and sourced from the Indian Ocean. We had identified that seven of these events have significant impacts, including the last two tsunamis triggered by non-seismic factors. The disaster management system has actually improved drastically following the 2004 tsunami, such as the enactment of laws and regulations on disaster management, the establishment of special institutions for disaster management, and the construction of a tsunami early warning system (InaTEWS). Although it has focused on preventive measures, tsunami impacts in recent years are still quite large. This situation is affected by four factors: (1) high and dense population in the tsunami hazard area, (2) limited infrastructure for early warning dissemination, (3) lack of public awareness to conduct evacuations following the disaster events, and (4) early warning systems for tsunami has not considered yet the non-seismic factors.

Gap assessment towards strengthening early warning systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rishiraj Dutta ◽  
Senaka Basnayake
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Content Type

Purpose This paper aims to focus on the gap assessment carried out in the existing early warning systems (EWSs) in Southeast Asia as a means to address such gaps in terms of communication and information dissemination. Design/methodology/approach This paper was based on the surveys conducted in some of the Southeast Asian countries through interviews, group discussions and consultation to get an understanding about people’s knowledge towards EWSs and their awareness towards warning information. Findings The conclusions showed that there exist gaps in the existing systems which need to be strengthened to increase its efficiency for providing reliable, timely and accurate information. Research limitations/implications Limitation of finding more references to support the work. Originality/value This paper is based on the gap assessment carried out in different countries of Southeast Asia for strengthening EWSs. This paper is the original research and has never been published in any other journal.

Disaster preparedness among disaster management agency officers: a study from rural and urban areas in Aceh, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cut Husna ◽  
Ridha Firdaus ◽  
Elly Wardani ◽  
Syarifah Rauzatul Jannah
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Management Agency

Purpose The purpose of this study is to identify the preparedness of disaster mitigation agency officers in both urban and rural areas as high vulnerability zones in Aceh, Indonesia, in dealing with disasters. Design/methodology/approach This cross-sectional study adopted a conceptual framework from the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) and United Nations of Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)/International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR) (LIPI-UNESCO/ISDR, 2006), explaining the study of community preparedness in anticipating earthquake and tsunami disasters. The framework of the study consists of five disaster preparedness parameters, namely, knowledge and attitude to face disasters, policies and guidelines, emergency response plans, disaster early warning systems and mobilization of resources. This conceptual framework was developed after the 2004 tsunami through an analysis study in the three provinces in Indonesia (Aceh, Padang and Bengkulu) experiencing earthquakes and tsunamis. This conceptual framework serves as a guideline and is in line with the objective of the regional disaster management Agency to reduce disaster risk through increasing community preparedness, especially providers or officers in anticipating disasters. Findings There was a significant difference in disaster preparedness among officers from the urban and rural areas. The area size, location accessibility, the communication network and disaster detection and warning facilities could associate with the results. Research limitations/implications The respondents were selected from only two districts in Aceh Province, Indonesia, which are vulnerable to disasters. The study only identifies the disaster preparedness among disaster management agency officers (DMAOs) adopted from LIPI-UNESCO/ISDR about community preparedness in anticipating disasters particularly tsunami and earthquake. Therefore, the results of this study may have limited generalizability to other areas in Indonesia and beyond. Practical implications The results of this study could possibly serve as recommendations for policymakers and disaster management agencies, particularly in rural areas to prepare contingency plans that involve both internal and external institutions to arrange the regulations related to community-based emergency response plans and disaster early warning systems. Such programs of education, training and disaster drill needed to be in place and conducted regularly for the officers in a rural area. Finally, the other sub-scales showed no difference in disaster preparedness, however, collaboration and support to each other in disaster risk reduction plan by improving the capacity building, policy enhancement and disaster management guidelines are required. Also, attempts to optimize logistics adequacy, budget allocations and disaster preparedness education and training for both DMAOs are strongly recommended through the lens of the study. The results of the study might useful for further research that could be developed based on this current study. Originality/value The emergency response plans and disaster early warning systems were significantly different between the rural and urban officers in disaster preparedness. Attending disaster management programs, experiences in responding to disasters and the availability of facilities and funds could be considered in ascertaining the preparedness of officers to deal with disasters.

South-east Asia’s tourism sector will need investors

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
East Asian ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Single Market ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tourism Sector

Subject South-east Asian tourism sector update. Significance Rapid growth in visitor arrivals, especially from China, is straining capacity in key tourism markets and will intensify efforts by ASEAN to foster closer regional cooperation. Foreign investors will benefit from a rush to upgrade tourism infrastructure in emerging destinations such as the Philippines. Impacts Tour groups will divert visitors to other destinations unless infrastructure catches up with surging arrivals. The over-reliance on tourists from China is fraught with commercial danger, especially if political tensions escalate. Efforts to integrate ASEAN destinations and develop a single market are unlikely to succeed.

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