Land and clean energy trade-off: estimating India’s future land requirement to fulfil INDC commitment

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumen Rej ◽  
Barnali Nag
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Land Occupation ◽  
Land Transformation ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Energy Trade

Purpose For India, with its low agricultural productivity and huge population, land acquisition has always been a serious policy challenge in the installation of land-intensive power projects. India has experienced a large number of projects getting stalled because of land conflict. Yet, there is a paucity of literature pertinent to India that tries to estimate future land requirements taking into consideration of land occupation metric. Design/methodology/approach In the present study, the dynamic land transformation and land occupation metrics of nine energy sources, both conventional and renewable, are estimated to further determine the magnitude of land requirement that India needs to prepare itself to fulfil its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) commitments. This is illustrated through two different scenarios of energy requirement growth rates, namely, conservative and advanced. Findings This analysis suggests that, while nuclear energy entails the lowest dynamic land transformation when land occupation metric is taken into account, waste to energy source possesses least land requirement, followed by coal-fired source. Hydro energy source has highest requirement both in terms of dynamic land transformation and land occupation. It is also seen that land requirement will be 96% and 120% more in INDC scenario than business as usual (i.e. if India continues with its current share of renewables in its energy portfolio in 2030) considering a conservative and an advanced growth rate, respectively. Research limitations/implications Some policy recommendations are provided that may aid policymakers to better address the trade-off between clean energy and land and incorporate it into policy planning. This study has not been able to consider future technical efficiency improvement possibilities for all energy sources, which can be incorporated in the proposed framework for further insight. Originality/value This paper provides a framework for estimation of future land requirement to fulfil India’s INDC energy plans which is not available in existing literature. The authors confirm that this manuscript is an original work.

scholarly journals Utilization of Biodegradable Wastes as a Clean Energy Source in the Developing Countries: A Case Study in Myanmar

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maw Tun ◽  
Dagmar Juchelková ◽  
Helena Raclavská ◽  
Veronika Sassmanová
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Clean Energy Source

Nowadays, waste-to-energy has become a type of renewable energy utilization that can provide environmental and economic benefits in the world. In this paper, we evaluated the quality of twelve biodegradable waste samples from Myanmar by binder laboratory heating and drying oven at 105 °C. The calculation methods of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) were used for the greenhouse gas emission estimation from waste disposal at the open dumpsites, anaerobic digestion, and waste transportation in the current situation of Myanmar. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and fossil fuel consumption of the improved biodegrade waste utilization system were estimated and both were found to be reduced. As a result, volume and weight of the biodegradable wastes with 100% moisture reduction were estimated at approximately 5 million cubic meters per year and 2600 kilotonnes per year, respectively, in 2021. The total GHG emissions in the current situation amounted to approximately 1500 and 1800 Gigagrams of CO2-eq per year in 2019 and 2021, respectively, while the total GHG emission avoidance from a sustainable approach amounted to 3500 and 4000 Gigagrams of CO2-eq per year, respectively. The study aimed at highlighting the utilization of biodegradable wastes as a clean energy source in developing countries.

scholarly journals Solar Energy Use in Dryers as an Alternative Energy Source in Agriculture

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirela MILITARU ◽  
Elena POSTELNICU ◽  
Mihai CHIŢOIU ◽  
Valentin VLĂDUŢ
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Alternative Energy Source ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Clean Energy Source

Solar energy represents one of the future energy sources with a high potential, used as an alternative to conventional methods, especially during summer. The advantages of using solar energy are multiple, this type of energy being virtually endless and free, and its use has no negative effects on the environment, being regarded as a clean energy source. Solar energy has multiple applications in agriculture, one of its benefits being that it is used for dryers as an alternative energy source, especially in regions with a high solar potential. In this paper different types of fruits and vegetable dryers, nationally and abroad are presented, as well as results obtained from different methods of solar dryers.

scholarly journals Assessment of Perceived Health and Environmental Problems of Household Energy Consumption among Ilese Ijebu Residents Southwestern Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adegbite A. Ayoade ◽  
Sikiru G Salako ◽  
A. M Yusuf-Babatunde ◽  
Olubanji A Lawal ◽  
M Adeoye KuKu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Likert Scale ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Household Energy ◽  
Liquefied Gas

The study was carried out among Ilese-Ijebu residents southwestern Nigeria, to assess their perceived health and environmental problems associated with different sources of household energy use for cooking, then their perception and acceptability of adopting other alternative source of energy (biogas). A focused group discussion and self-structured questionnaire administration methodologies were adopted to elicit information on their current energy sources and adoption for alternative energy source (biogas). The researchers randomly selected twenty five (25) households to include the total sample size of one hundred (100) and organized an interactive session on the subject matter, during which three prepared forms were given out to the participants to filled their demographics characteristics, sources of energy for household cooking with associated health and environmental problems and perception and acceptability of biogas, descriptive statistics and likert scale technique were used to analyze the results obtained. The results of the analysis showed that, the respondents do make use of more than one source of energy for cooking, kerosene stoves (95), firewood (63), charcoal stove(32), while lesser people made use of liquefied gas (12) and electricity (5). Average numbers of respondents 50-60 are aware of associated health and environmental problems with firewood and charcoal, but not ready to use electricity and liquefied gas because of bills and fire hazards when the energy sources is  not properly handled. However, the likert scale results of the positive score of 227 and the negative score of 598 on the acceptability of use of biogas for domestic cooking indicating that, presently, the residents are not ready to adopt the biogas as the alternative energy. Therefore, there is need to organize massive awareness campaign, health education talks among the residents on the effect of air pollution associated with household energy sources and consumption, health and financial benefits of adopting other alternative clean energy source.

Financial development and natural resources nexus in Egypt: the role of clean energy sources and foreign direct investment

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia M. Ibrahiem ◽  
Rasha Sameh
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Quantity Of Education

Purpose Achieving the goals of the sustainable development strategy and Egypt’s vision 2030 depends mainly on the existence of sources of funds. And since Egypt faces a great challenge in obtaining finance, then analyzing the drivers of financial development is a vital issue and there is a persistent need to shed light on the key obstacles for it. Thus, this paper aims to empirically assess the impact of natural resources, foreign direct investment (FDI) net inflows, education and clean energy sources on financial development in Egypt using the data of the 1971–2014 period. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses auto-regressive distributed lag and Toda-Yamomoto approaches to fulfill the purpose. Findings Empirical results signify that all variables except natural endowments stimulate financial development which can suggest the presence of the natural resources curse in Egypt. Moreover, the feedback effect between financial development and FDI is recognized. Clean energy sources cause financial development and natural endowments. Financial development causes natural endowments and FDI leads to the deployment of more clean energy resources. Practical implications Several crucial policy implications are suggested based upon these results as improving the quality and quantity of education and encouraging both domestic and foreign investors by providing several incentives. Moreover, the government has to enhance green finance through financing solar energy projects and other environmentally friendly projects. Originality/value It is the first research for Egypt that explores natural resource-financial development nexus using time series analysis according to our information, and two important variables are included in the model which is clean energy sources and FDI. Then, although several studies examined the impact of financial development on clean energy no empirical study before assessed the impact of clean energy on financial development.

Fuzzy AHP-GRA approach to evaluating energy sources: a case of Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeki Ayağ ◽  
Funda Samanlioglu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Fuzzy Ahp ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Fuzzy Gra

Purpose Since the demand for energy has dramatically increased in the countries which have fast-growing population and economy, they have faced with a critical problem of how to evaluate a set of potential energy sources (i.e. nuclear, natural gas, bio, geothermal, hydro, wind and solar) and choose the ultimate energy source for their needs. On the other hand, this critical problem turns into a multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) in the presence of a set of energy source alternatives and evaluation criteria. In literature, there are many MCDM methods introduced to solve for different kinds of problems. The purpose of this paper is to present an integrated approach for evaluating energy sources using fuzzy AHP and GRA, with a case for Turkey. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and grey relational analysis (GRA) methods are used because of their advantages for similar problems. On the other hand, due to the fact that the conventional AHP by a nine-point scale and GRA method using a scale with crisp values can be unable to handle to capture the right judgments of a decision-maker(s), to reflect the vagueness and uncertainty on the judgments of a decision-maker, the fuzzy logic is integrated with the AHP and GRA. Findings The contributions of the paper to the literature are given in two dimensions as follows: it presents an integrated approach for complex decision processes with subjective data or vague information; the proposed approach, the fuzzy AHP-GRA method for energy source selection, is unique for the related problem in literature. The results of the proposed model from the case of Turkey will help practitioners and experts of how to apply it to the similar problems in the field of energy management. Research limitations/implications In short, in this paper, an integrated approach is proposed through the fuzzy AHP and the fuzzy GRA methods. As the fuzzy AHP is used to determine the weights of evaluation criteria, the fuzzy GRA is used to rank energy source alternatives. Practical implications In addition, a case study for Turkey is presented to show the applicability of the proposed approach for potential practitioners who are authority in the field of energy in public and private sectors. Social implications On the other hand, the proposed approach, the fuzzy AHP-GRA for energy source selection can also be an intelligent tool for public and private energy companies in Turkey, as well as others in the world. Originality/value On the other hand, in this paper, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the study contributes to the literature that the first time, they use the fuzzy alpha-cut AHP and GRA in fuzzy environment for energy source evaluation problem.

scholarly journals Waste to energy and circular economy: the case of anaerobic digestion

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 817-838
Author(s):  
Zahid Hussain ◽  
Jyoti Mishra ◽  
Emanuela Vanacore
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Water Acidification ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Uk

PurposeThis paper highlights how biological waste materials can be used for generating the much needed energy and obtaining nutrient-rich compost for agriculture through anaerobic digestion (AD). The paper further highlights the importance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in using AD for converting waste to energy (WTE), leading to many environmental benefits as well as clean energy generation. It would help to reduce pollution, water acidification and carbon emissions that eventually lead to climate change.Design/methodology/approachThe researchers undertook an in-depth study to highlight the role played by an SME in converting WTE and helping towards achieving circularity. An exploratory case-based approach was used to understand value leakage for an AD plant operating on WTE principles in the UK. The plant is still currently active, and it is located in the Midlands, England. Fifteen semi-structured interviews were undertaken with different stakeholders.FindingsThis paper reveals the importance of WTE and the significant role played by AD in converting food waste into useful matter. It reports further into the value leakage issue faced in the AD plants. It demonstrates the importance of technological innovation in SME to capture value leakages in a circular model. Most importantly, it demonstrates how SMEs gain competitive advantage and generate value proposition, while they aim for zero waste to landfill objective.Research limitations/implicationsThe research involves a case study based on an SME, operating on a circular business model. It will be worth investigating how other businesses could gain competitive advantage. For SMEs interested in AD for WTE, this paper introduces further technological innovation to the AD process to leverage further potential for reuse of waste liquid. Any SMEs entering WTE market ought to take into consideration such design implications.Practical implicationsThe paper reveals how the use of waste by SMEs would lead to many environmental benefits as well as clean energy generation. It would help to reduce pollution, water acidification and carbon emissions that eventually lead to climate change. It is useful for addressing the needs of waste food producers and is a cheap raw material for generating energy. The benefits to the public are that it reduces the need for landfill and increases recycling.Social implicationsThe WTE is an effective way of making use of last-stage waste.Originality/valueDespite SMEs being the powerhouse of the European economies, there is limited research investigating how circular economy (CE) could unlock their potential. Moreover, development of AD in the UK has lagged behind other EU countries. We highlight value leakages and argue how technological innovation should be used to close the value chain loop in the WTE production process. This paper, therefore, demonstrates the important role of an AD process, which involves decomposition of biodegradable materials. It shows that AD is an economically viable and environmentally friendly process of obtaining clean energy at low cost.

scholarly journals Domestic energy consumption in Ghana: deprivation versus likelihood of access

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alhassan A. Karakara ◽  
Evans S. Osabuohien ◽  
Simplice Asongu
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Air ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Health Survey Data ◽  
Energy Deprivation

PurposeThis paper aims to analyse the extent to which households are deprived (or otherwise) of clean energy sources in Ghana.Design/methodology/approachIt engages the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey data. Three different energy deprivation indicators were estimated: cooking fuel deprivation, lighting deprivation and indoor air pollution. The empirical evidence is based on logit regressions that explain whether households are deprived or not.FindingsThe results show that energy deprivation or access is contingent on the area of residence. Energy access and deprivation in Ghana show some regional disparities, even though across every region, the majority of households use three fuel types: liquefied petroleum gas, charcoal and wood cut. Increases in wealth and education lead to reduction in the likelihood of being energy deprived. Thus, efforts should be geared towards policies that will ensure households having access to clean fuels to reduce the attendant deprivations and corresponding effects of using dangerous or dirty fuels.Originality/valueThis study complements the extant literature by analysing the extent to which households are deprived (or otherwise) of clean energy sources in Ghana.

India-US energy relations face reset

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Window Of Opportunity ◽  
Indian Market ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Clean Coal ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Energy Trade ◽  
Energy Relations

Subject India-US energy relations. Significance Westinghouse’s filing of bankruptcy in March risks derailing a decade-long effort to increase India-US civilian nuclear energy cooperation. Westinghouse’s business in India is tied to the previous US administration’s ambitions to increase bilateral energy trade, which included pushing for India’s access to the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) and a partnership on clean energy. Under President Donald Trump, not just civilian nuclear cooperation but bilateral energy relations as a whole could be overhauled. Impacts India-Russia nuclear cooperation is likely to rise. US gas exporters will have to compete with Asian and Middle Eastern suppliers in the Indian market. Clean coal technologies in India present a narrowing window of opportunity for US firms. India will continue pursuing its 175-gigawatt renewables target, through funds from European and Asian entities.

scholarly journals Designing an efficient tidal turbine blade through bio-mimicry: a systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddharth Kulkarni ◽  
Craig Chapman ◽  
Hanifa Shah ◽  
Erika Anneli Parn ◽  
David John Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Turbine Blade ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Horizontal Axis ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Caudal Fin ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tidal Turbine ◽  
Ocean Environment

Purpose This paper aims to conduct a comprehensive literature review in the tidal energy physics, the ocean environment, hydrodynamics of horizontal axis tidal turbines and bio-mimicry. Design/methodology/approach The paper provides an insight of the tidal turbine blade design and need for renewable energy sources to generate electricity through clean energy sources and less CO2 emission. The ocean environment, along with hydrodynamic design principles of a horizontal axis tidal turbine blade, is described, including theoretical maximum efficiency, blade element momentum theory and non-dimensional forces acting on tidal turbine blades. Findings This review gives an overview of fish locomotion identifying the attributes of the swimming like lift-based thrust propulsion, the locomotion driving factors: dorsal fins, caudal fins in propulsion, which enable the fish to be efficient even at low tidal velocities. Originality/value Finally, after understanding the phenomenon of caudal fin propulsion and its relationship with tidal turbine blade hydrodynamics, this review focuses on the implications of bio-mimicking a curved caudal fin to design an efficient horizontal axis tidal turbine.

Power Projects and Covid-19: A Practical Analysis of the Relevance of Force Majeure Clauses under the Standardised Power Purchase and Implementation Agreements of Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-193
Author(s):  
Aisha Naiga ◽  
Loyola Rwabose Karobwa
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
The State ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Force Majeure ◽  
Practical Analysis ◽  
Energy Justice

Over 90% of Uganda's power is generated from renewable sources. Standardised Implementation Agreements and Power Purchase Agreements create a long-term relationship between Generating Companies and the state-owned off-taker guaranteed by Government. The COVID-19 pandemic and measures to curb the spread of the virus have triggered the scrutiny and application of force majeure (FM) clauses in these agreements. This article reviews the FM clauses and considers their relevance. The authors submit that FM clauses are a useful commercial tool for achieving energy justice by ensuring the continuity of the project, despite the dire effects of the pandemic. Proposals are made for practical considerations for a post-COVID-19 future which provides the continued pursuit of policy goals of promoting renewable energy sources and increasing access to clean energy, thus accelerating just energy transitions.

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