scholarly journals Investigating homicide offender typologies based on their clinical histories and crime scene behaviour patterns

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-188
Author(s):  
Valeria Abreu ◽  
Edward Barker ◽  
Hannah Dickson ◽  
Francois Husson ◽  
Sandra Flynn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
Agglomerative Clustering ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Offender Profiling ◽  
Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Offender Typologies

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify offender typologies based on aspects of the offenders’ psychopathology and their associations with crime scene behaviours using data derived from the National Confidential Enquiry into Suicide and Safety in Mental Health concerning homicides in England and Wales committed by offenders in contact with mental health services in the year preceding the offence (n=759). Design/methodology/approach The authors used multiple correspondence analysis to investigate the interrelationships between the variables and hierarchical agglomerative clustering to identify offender typologies. Variables describing: the offenders’ mental health histories; the offenders’ mental state at the time of offence; characteristics useful for police investigations; and patterns of crime scene behaviours were included. Findings Results showed differences in the offenders’ histories in relation to their crime scene behaviours. Further, analyses revealed three homicide typologies: externalising, psychosis and depression. Practical implications These typologies may assist the police during homicide investigations by: furthering their understanding of the crime or likely suspect; offering insights into crime patterns; provide advice as to what an offender’s offence behaviour might signify about his/her mental health background. Findings suggest information concerning offender psychopathology may be useful for offender profiling purposes in cases of homicide offenders with schizophrenia, depression and comorbid diagnosis of personality disorder and alcohol/drug dependence. Originality/value Empirical studies with an emphasis on offender profiling have almost exclusively focussed on the inference of offender demographic characteristics. This study provides a first step in the exploration of offender psychopathology and its integration to the multivariate analysis of offence information for the purposes of investigative profiling of homicide by identifying the dominant patterns of mental illness within homicidal behaviour.

Trust: the unwritten cost of white-collar crime

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E Dearden
Keyword(s):  
White Collar Crime ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
White Collar ◽  
Washington Post ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Savings And Loan ◽  
Financial Consequences ◽  
Using Data

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to empirically assess the theorized importance of trust and resource removal following white-collar crime. Design/methodology/approach – Two studies are conducted using data from the Washington Post and ABC News Poll following the savings and loan scandal and the dotcom bust. The first examines trust in corporate contexts, and the second examines direct resource withdrawal from financial institutions. Findings – Results of a series of logistic regressions suggest that trust is impacted by high-profile white-collar crime. Models 1 and 2 find evidence that trust is a strong predictor of belief in investing in a given industry. Models 3 and 4 provide evidence that high-profile trust breaches lead to resource withdrawal, adding to the economic damages incurred directly from white-collar crime. Social implications – This study provides evidence that white-collar crime can create much larger financial consequences than immediate losses. Originality/value – Despite considerable theoretical ties between white-collar crime and trust, little empirical evidence exists to support this notion. This study provides two empirical studies that address the theoretical link.

A quality-controlled logic-based clustering approach for web service composition and verification

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khai Tan Huynh ◽  
Tho Thanh Quan ◽  
Thang Hoai Bui
Keyword(s):  
Web Service ◽  
Service Oriented Architecture ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Low Complexity ◽  
Agglomerative Clustering ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
Clustering Approach

Purpose Service-oriented architecture is an emerging software architecture, in which web service (WS) plays a crucial role. In this architecture, the task of WS composition and verification is required when handling complex requirement of services from users. When the number of WS becomes very huge in practice, the complexity of the composition and verification is also correspondingly high. In this paper, the authors aim to propose a logic-based clustering approach to solve this problem by separating the original repository of WS into clusters. Moreover, they also propose a so-called quality-controlled clustering approach to ensure the quality of generated clusters in a reasonable execution time. Design/methodology/approach The approach represents WSs as logical formulas on which the authors conduct the clustering task. They also combine two most popular clustering approaches of hierarchical agglomerative clustering (HAC) and k-means to ensure the quality of generated clusters. Findings This logic-based clustering approach really helps to increase the performance of the WS composition and verification significantly. Furthermore, the logic-based approach helps us to maintain the soundness and completeness of the composition solution. Eventually, the quality-controlled strategy can ensure the quality of generated clusters in low complexity time. Research limitations/implications The work discussed in this paper is just implemented as a research tool known as WSCOVER. More work is needed to make it a practical and usable system for real life applications. Originality/value In this paper, the authors propose a logic-based paradigm to represent and cluster WSs. Moreover, they also propose an approach of quality-controlled clustering which combines and takes advantages of two most popular clustering approaches of HAC and k-means.

Empirically revisiting a social class scheme for mental health in Barcelona, Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Bartoll-Roca ◽  
Albert Julià
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Information Criteria ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Standard Scheme ◽  
Employment Conditions

PurposeSocial inequalities in mental health can be captured by occupational situation and social class stratification. This study analyzes the adequacy of a classification of work and employment conditions and an adaptation of the Goldthorpe social class scheme in relation to mental health in Barcelona, Spain.Design/methodology/approachMultiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (CA) on working and employment conditions were used to empirically construct distinctive working groups. Through 2 logistic regression models, we contrasted the association between mental health and (1) the cluster of employment and working conditions (with 4 categories: insiders, instrumental, precarious and peripheral workers), and (2) a standard Spanish version of the Goldthorpe social class scheme. The performance of the 2 models was assessed with Akaike and Bayesian information criteria. The analyses were carried out using the Barcelona Health Survey (2016) including the labor force population from 22 to 64 years of age.FindingsWide inequalities were found in mental health with both class schemes. The empirical class scheme was more effective than the Goldthorpe social class scheme in explaining mental health inequalities. In particular, precarious and peripheral workers in the MCA-CA analysis, together with unemployed workers, emerged as distinctive social groups apparently masked within the lower social class in the standard scheme. When using the standard scheme, the authors recommend widening the scope at the bottom of the social class categories while shrinking it at the top as well as considering unemployed persons as a separate category to better represent mental health inequalities.Social implicationsThe working poor appear to report at least as much poor mental health as unemployed persons. Policies aimed at more inclusive work should consider job quality improvements to improve the mental well-being of the labor force.Originality/valueOur study examines the utility of social classes to explain mental health inequalities by comparing an empirically based social class to the Spanish adaptation of the Goldthorpe classification.

Mental health of business academics within the COVID-19 era: can meaningful work help? A qualitative study

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Mousa ◽  
Georges Samara
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Business Schools ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Meaningful Work ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Main Ideas ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThrough addressing academics in four public business schools in Egypt, the authors of this paper aim to uncover how meaningful work might shape the mental health of the addressed academics post COVID-19.Design/methodology/approachThe author employed a qualitative research method through semi-structured interviews with 44 academics from four business schools selected from among 25 public institutions of higher education in Egypt. The author subsequently used thematic analysis to determine the main ideas in the transcripts.FindingsThe authors’ findings show that business academics usually consider meaningful work as playing a major role in shaping their mental health, especially after a crisis. This indicates that the more they perceive their jobs as valuable and worthwhile, the more they can deal with limitations and mental health issues (e.g. anxiety, stress, inadequate sleep, etc.) that accompany crisis. The findings also show that during the time of the COVID-19 crisis, employees (business academics in this case) have not placed so much importance to their autonomy (ability to choose and/or participate in decision-making processes) in the workplace. Instead, they care more about their relatedness (sense of belongingness) and their level of competence (sense of capability). Accordingly, the authors show that having academics that develop a sense of purpose for their academic duties in a time of crisis has less mental health disorders. Subsequently, post crisis, business academics can feel a continuous sense of relatedness and find ongoing opportunities to work and learn.Originality/valueThis paper contributes by filling a gap in HR management, in which empirical studies on the relationship between mental health and meaningful work have been limited so far.

Innovation and entrepreneurship research in India from 2000 to 2018: a bibliometric survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gautam Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Entrepreneurship Research ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Innovation And Entrepreneurship

Purpose Innovation and entrepreneurship are regarded as the key drivers to steer the engine of economic development in any nation. As a result, to understand the context and process of innovation and entrepreneurship there has been a steady rise in scientific literature and empirical studies. The purpose of this paper is to study the trends and progress of academic research on innovation and entrepreneurship in India by identifying the key articles, journals, authors and institutions. Design/methodology/approach Scientometric methods especially bibliometrics is used, for measuring the maturity of this research field in the country. The paper studies the research landscape in innovation and entrepreneurship in India by doing a bibliometric analysis using data from publications indexed in the Scopus database from the year 2000 to 2018. The study takes a multidisciplinary review of the literature in innovation and entrepreneurship research in India and could be used as a reference for future studies in this theme. Findings The study finds an increase in the scholarly studies in innovation and entrepreneurship in India in the last decade. It was also found that a large number of publications were joint-authored and collaborations between Indian and foreign universities is happening. The paper also highlights the authorship patterns, top journals and the most cited papers. Research limitations/implications A major limitation of this study is that it has considered publications which are indexed in Scopus. This paper has contributed by highlighting the growth of studies in the field of innovation and entrepreneurship in the Indian context. The results can be used by future studies in this area as a starting point to highlight the nature of this research area. Originality/value The study attempts to present a trend analysis of published literature on innovation and entrepreneurship in India.

From Athenian fleet to prophetic eschatology. Correlating formal features to themes of discourse in Ancient Greek

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-400
Author(s):  
Georgios Ioannou
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Agglomerative Clustering ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Strength Of Association ◽  
Formal Features

Abstract This is a diachronic corpus-based semantic analysis of the verb plēróō in Ancient Greek, from 6th c. BCE to the 2nd c. ce. Adopting the usage-based profile approach, it inquiries into the relation between formal features and themes of discourse, following the methodological consequences of two theoretical assumptions: first, that textual themes have a prototypical structure. Second, that formal features as a conceptual schematicity underlying the elaborated and situated level of discourse are immanent to these themes. Methodologically, it implements a Multiple Correspondence Analysis for each century, exploring the contribution of the formal and a fine-grained range of semantic features to the variation, as well as the strength of association between them. In order to test the plausibility of the immanence hypothesis, the analysis implements a Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering for the totality of data over the eight-century period, comparing the results of the latter with the individual MCA analyses.

Do spouses influence each other's stated son preference?

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-588
Author(s):  
Marie-Claire Robitaille ◽  
Ishita Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Marriage Market ◽  
Son Preference ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Method Of Moment ◽  
Selective Abortion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Married Men ◽  
Sex Selective Abortion ◽  
Using Data

Purpose This paper aims to understand the motivations behind married men preferring sons and to quantify the association between a couple’s stated son preferences. Son preference is an endemic problem in India. With half a million female foetuses aborted each year, the root causes of son preference in India have been widely studied. Little is known, however, on how couples mutually decide on their desired child sex-ratio. Design/methodology/approach Using data from the third National Family and Health Survey, the authors apply three-stage least square and optimal general method of moment methods to demonstrate association. Robustness checks are performed on plausibly exogenous instrumental variables and selection issues in the marriage market. Findings The authors show that their spouse's son preference is by far the most significant factor associated with a person's own stated son preference. The association between spouse's stated son preference is observed only for couples being married for three to five years. It is postulated that this is the critical period when sex-selective abortion decisions are being made. Originality/value The focus of existing empirical studies is nearly always on the mother's son preference only. The hypothesis is that spouses mutually influence each other’s preferences and models estimating determinants of son preference should include preferences of both spouses. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first attempt to understand the motivations of married men towards preferring sons and quantify the association between spouse's stated son preference and respondent's stated son preference.

Co-production in mental health research: reflections from the People Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 220-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Pinfold ◽  
Paulina Szymczynska ◽  
Sarah Hamilton ◽  
Richard Peacocke ◽  
Shirley Dean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Mental Health Research ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Advisory Panel ◽  
Content Type

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the process of co-producing mental health research where work was shared between university academics, charity-based researchers and a Lived Experience Advisory Panel. Design/methodology/approach – The authors express the opinions of a research team made up of people with experience of using mental health services, being carers and being academically trained researchers from a range of health and social science disciplines. Some had experience in several areas. The paper is co-produced to provide collective reflection and recommendations. Findings – Co-production of research is not well documented in published literature. The authors believe there is scope to develop co-production approaches, but further conceptual and theoretical work is needed alongside empirical studies. A socially situated complex research project, possibly involving multi-stakeholder groups, demands flexibility in approach. Similarly to user-controlled and other emancipatory methodologies, co-production makes the democratisation of research a primary objective in order to produce better quality and more relevant studies. Co-production also addresses inequalities in power and control within research projects; this way of working does provide a healthy challenge to traditional research hierarchies. Practical implications – Lessons learned should be honestly shared to develop co-production research methods. Projects need to have a strategy for how to value different contributions and facilitate constructive relationships if discord emerges. Establishing clear project roles, expectations and process for payment are essential in developing genuine collaborative partnerships. Originality/value – It is a viewpoint paper.

scholarly journals Efficiency analysis for nonprofit organizations using DEA

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunsoo Kim ◽  
Chang Won Lee
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Efficiency Analysis ◽  
Humanitarian Assistance ◽  
Program Efficiency ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Fundraising Efficiency ◽  
Using Data

Purpose The purpose of this study is to provide models to analyze the efficiency of programs and efficiency of fundraising to apply the models to non-profit organizations (NPOs) in Korea and to draw out improvement points of inefficiency using data envelopment analysis (DEA). Design/methodology/approach Using DEA, this study analyzed the program efficiency and fundraising efficiency of 22 Korean NPOs in the field of humanitarian assistance. Findings Of 22 NPOs, 15 were identified as being efficient in the program efficiency and 7 of 15 NPOs were found efficient in the fundraising efficiency. In all, four organizations were found efficient in both the program and the fundraising efficiency. Using CCR and BCC model, this study proposed the cause of inefficiency and state of returns of scale. Practical implications This study presents non-profit efficiency evaluation models regarding program efficiency and fundraising efficiency. This study provides the inefficient DMUs with their reference set of efficient DMUs to improve efficiency and the cause of inefficiency, whether the inefficiency is because of the pure technical inefficiency or the scale inefficiency. This study also indicates the state of variable returns to scale to propose the way of improving inefficiency by controlling the scale of inputs. The methods and the results of this study can serve as a model for researchers and practitioners to follow when evaluating efficiency in the NPOs. Originality/value This study has the value of performing the empirical studies of efficiency analysis of Korean NPOs and providing non-profits with the model of efficiency analysis in programs and fundraising activities and basis for establishing strategies to improve both efficiencies.

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