Modelling foreign exchange rate transaction exposure of UK insurance companies

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-136
Author(s):  
Islam Amer
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Cash Flow ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Foreign Exchange Rate ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Flow Estimation ◽  
Life Insurers ◽  
Short And Long Term

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the sensitivity of foreign exchange exposure through the cash flow estimation method using a sample of 59 UK insurance companies. This approach allows a decomposition of exposures into short- and long-term components. By revealing the nature of their cash flow exposures, companies can evaluate the effectiveness of their hedging programmes and focus their hedging efforts according to the nature of their exposures. Design/methodology/approach Martin and Mauer’s (2003, 2005) three-stage model is used to estimate foreign exchange rate transaction exposures for the sample of 65 UK insurance companies over the period 2004-2013. However, this paper has one important innovation to this method. Instead of the model used in previous papers, the paper uses a model from the actuarial field that was proposed by Blum et al. (2001) for modelling foreign exchange rates with their relevant constituents (inflation and interest rate). Findings The evidence shows that the currency transaction exposure for non-life insurers is greater than that of life insurers. Moreover, the author finds that large insurers exhibit lower frequencies of foreign exchange transaction exposure than small insurers. Originality/value The value of this paper comes from the fact that revealing the nature of cash flow exposures, companies can evaluate the effectiveness of their hedging programmes and focus their hedging efforts according to the nature of their exposures.

Modelling foreign exchange rate exposure

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-120
Author(s):  
Islam Amer
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Foreign Exchange Rate ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Foreign Exchange Rates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Operating Income ◽  
Exchange Rate Exposure

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to fill a gap in the foreign exchange rate exposure management literature as the existing literature has focused only on developed economics, and also the current literature on foreign exchange rate exposure of cedant insurance companies is very limited. As Egyptian insurance companies deal directly with foreign exchange rates, they face exposure to exchange rates through their international reinsurance operations. Design/methodology/approach – Martin and Mauer (2003, 2005) three-stage model is used to estimate foreign exchange rate transaction exposure for the sample of 23 Egyptian insurance companies over the period 2002-2009. However, the author has two innovations to this method. The author's first innovation is that instead of looking at the unanticipated operating income for each cedant company (as in both previous papers), this paper looks at the unanticipated operating income on an aggregate level. The author's second innovation is that instead of the model used in previous papers the author uses a model from the actuarial field that was proposed by Blum et al. (2001) for modelling foreign exchange rates with their relevant constituents (inflation and interest rate). Findings – The central finding of the study is that the foreign exchange rate exposure across the Egyptian insurance industry is not significant (at the 10 per cent level) and investigates this result. Research limitations/implications – This study has made considerable contributions to the existing academic literature, but the findings also illustrate the limitations of the research undertaken. These limitations, however, provide important directions for future research. This thesis focused exclusively on the transaction exposure that Egyptian insurance companies experience to fluctuations in the US dollar exchange rate in relation to their international reinsurance operations. As a result, investigating both translation and economic exposure was beyond the scope and purpose of this study. Practical implications – The findings of this research provide meaningful implications for industry practitioners. As Egyptian insurance companies are not immune from exchange rate risks, efforts must be made by each insurer to approximate and quantify their individual foreign exchange rate transaction exposure. Additionally, as Egyptian insurance companies increasingly operate worldwide (through the international reinsurance industry), this research and its results are significant for practitioners not only in Egypt, but also further afield. Finally, it is believed that this research will highlight greater implications for international financial players active in Egyptian financial and non-financial sectors, including banks not exposed singularly to US dollars, but to multiple currencies. One recent Egyptian example is Egypt Air, which lost an estimated US$600 million in 2013 due to foreign exchange rate fluctuations. Originality/value – Since Egyptian insurance operates worldwide, the results of this paper are of significant not only for Egyptian insurance managers but also to practitioners beyond Egypt.

scholarly journals Impact of socioeconomic development on inflation in South Asia: evidence from panel cointegration analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Saiful Islam
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Money Supply ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Foreign Exchange Rate ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Inflationary Pressure ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This study aims to examine the influence of socioeconomic development on inflation in South Asia using the foreign exchange rate and money supply as control variables. Design/methodology/approach The study uses annual panel data for five South Asian economies, namely, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka over the period 1990–2018, applies cointegrating regression techniques, namely, the panel dynamic ordinary least square (OLS) and fully modified OLS estimators to examine the long-run relations and conducts the Toda-Yamamoto Granger causality test to detect the direction of causality among variables. Findings The cointegrating regression estimations have documented that the socioeconomic development proxied by the human development index (HDI) has no significant impact on inflation. Although economic development represented by gross domestic product (GDP) growth causes inflation, socioeconomic development represented by HDI has no impact on inflation and has demonstrated as a better macroeconomic indicator, and thus creates no inflationary pressure in the economy. The foreign exchange rate has a positive impact on inflation. The broad money supply has the usual positive effect on domestic inflation that endorses the monetarist view about prices. The Toda-Yamamoto Granger causality test has confirmed several unidirectional causalities: inflation causes HDI, money supply causes both inflation and HDI and the foreign exchange rate causes HDI. Practical implications The study has practical implications for policymakers in South Asia, to improve HDI, particularly GDP per capita, education and health-care facilities to realize continuous socioeconomic development, which will take care of inflation. Moreover, these counties may follow a conservative monetary policy to control inflationary pressure in their economies. Originality/value The study is original and claims to be the first to examine the impact of socioeconomic development on inflation. The findings have socioeconomic values regarding controlling inflation in South Asia.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF MACROECONOMIC FACTORS ON THE NUMBER OF CORPORATE SUKUK OFFERS IN INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-605
Author(s):  
Haerul Ependi ◽  
Hakiman Thamrin
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Money Supply ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Foreign Exchange Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Independent Variable

This study aims to analyze the effect of macroeconomics factors on corporate sukuk in Indonesia in the short and long term. The independent variable is Inflation, Economics Growth, Total Money Supply, Foreign Exchange Rate and Bank Indonesia (BI) Rate. Whereas the dependent variable is the number of sukuk corporations offered. The results of this study indicate that the Inflation, Economics Growth, Total money supply, and BI Rate have no significant effect on the number of corporate sukuk offered. While Foreign Exchange Rate has significant effect on the amount of corporate sukuk that offered. In the short term period, the total money supply has significant influence on the number of sukuk corporations offered while the rest have no significant effect

The Determinants of the Foreign Exchange Exposure in the Life Insurance Companies in Egypt: An Applied Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Mohammed Sabry Ibrahim Nada ◽  
Rehab Emad El-Din Mohammed Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Life Insurance ◽  
Foreign Exchange Rate ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Model Design ◽  
Exchange Rate Fluctuations ◽  
Applied Study ◽  
Foreign Exchange Exposure

Exchange rate fluctuations generate high risk for the insurance companies in Egypt, such as bankruptcy and liquidity. This study aims to measure the foreign exchange exposure (FXE) for the life insurance companies in Egypt during the period from 2000-2016. After that, the study measures the determinants of this exposure. The problem of the study is concerned with the fluctuations of the foreign exchange rate in Egypt, which have a great effect on the financial performance. Following prior studies (e.g. Lee, 2011 and Ampomah 2012), this study uses Jorian model to measure the FXE. The results of the study show that the life insurance companies in Egypt were significant to the FXE; the results are robust to the choice of model design.

An Empirical Analysis of Foreign Exchange Exposure of CNX 100 Companies

GIS Business ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sriram Mahadevan
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Stock Returns ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Foreign Exchange Rate ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Export Ratio ◽  
Exchange Rate Exposure ◽  
Ratio Size ◽  
Foreign Exchange Exposure ◽  
Exchange Rate Changes

The present study has empirically examined the level of foreign exchange exposure and its determinants of CNX 100 companies. For the purpose of study, the relationship between exchange rate changes and stock returns for a sample of 82 companies was determined for the period April 2011-March 2016. The study finds that 49% of the sample companies had significant positive foreign exchange rate exposure and the found that the companies could be exporters or net importers. To explore factors determining foreign exchange rate exposure, variables such as export ratio, import ratio, size of a company, hedging activities were regressed against the exchange exposure and the study found that none of the factors was influencing the exchange rate exposure. The study concludes that the reasons for insignificant influence of the variables could be the natural hedging practices of companies, offsetting of exports and imports and heterogeneous of the sample size. The study offers few directions for future research in this area.

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