University spin-offs creation in the Latin American region

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor Montiel-Campos
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Latin American Region ◽  
Goods Market ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Institutional Variation ◽  
The University ◽  
American Region

Purpose This paper aims to empirically explore the influence that different factors have on the creation of university spin-offs. Design/methodology/approach This is an exploratory study that uses a multilevel design. The study follows a purposive sampling method where data are gathered from a variety of sources. The hypotheses are tested with a sample of 52 universities from the Latin American region using multiple hierarchical regression analysis. Findings The results indicate that entrepreneurial orientation, incubators or entrepreneurship support programs and goods market efficiency are the factors that positively influence the creation of university spin-offs. Research limitations/implications The results of this study should be observed in light of some limitations. The sample size is an important factor, as a bigger sample could allow for examination of cross-institutional variation in the context of different countries. In addition, the lack of records or public databases makes it difficult to incorporate more information on spin-offs creation, including features or firm performance. Originality/value This study is the first to empirically explore the university spin-offs creation phenomenon in the Latin American region. Hence, it contributes to university entrepreneurship literature, specifically to better understand this phenomenon from a more holistic perspective across different levels of analysis at the same time that it incorporates previous proposals to explain entrepreneurial orientation at universities.

scholarly journals Barriers to innovation in service SMEs: evidence from Mexico

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (8) ◽  
pp. 1669-1686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Maldonado-Guzmán ◽  
Jose Arturo Garza-Reyes ◽  
Sandra Yesenia Pinzón-Castro ◽  
Vikas Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Specific Research ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Latin American Region ◽  
Innovation Barriers ◽  
American Region

Purpose Specific research related to the study of innovation barriers in service SMEs in the Latin American region is limited. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects that external environmental, financial and human barriers have on innovation activities, particularly, within the context of Mexican service SMEs. Design/methodology/approach Three hypotheses were formulated and tested using structural equation modelling. Data were collected through an instrument that was developed based on relevant constructs adapted from the literature. The instrument was validated using confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach’s α test and the composite reliability index to ensure reliability of the theoretical model. The instrument was distributed among service SMEs in the Aguascalientes state of Mexico, from were 308 valid responses were obtained. Findings In general, the results indicate that all the three barriers investigated (i.e. external environmental, financial and human) hinder innovation in service SMEs, with the external environmental barrier being the most significant of the three. Practical implications The findings of this research can inform managers of service SMEs and policy makers when formulating and implementing strategies to reduce innovation barriers. Originality/value Evidence suggests that specific research related to the study of innovation barriers in service SMEs in the Latin American region is limited. This paper fills this research gap by expanding the limited body of knowledge in this field and providing further evidence on this phenomenon. The study also enables the distinctive characteristics of innovation barriers to be understood within a particular context, expanding in this way the body of knowledge on this field.

scholarly journals 4th ISCB Latin American Student Council Symposium: a virtual and inclusive experience during COVID-19 times

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1460
Author(s):  
Camila Castillo-Vilcahuaman ◽  
Catalina Valdivia ◽  
Cleidy Osorio-Mogollón ◽  
Claudia Silva-Andrade ◽  
Rafael Puche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computational Biology ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
American Student ◽  
Planetary Scale ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Student Council ◽  
Latin American Region ◽  
The Creation ◽  
American Region

Since 2014, the ISCB Latin American Student Council Symposium (LA-SCS) serves as the main biannual activity where students from all levels, postdocs and early researchers from the entire Latin American region can gather to discuss recent advances in the fields of bioinformatics and computational biology. This time we faced a major unexpected obstacle, a worldwide pandemic that has completely disrupted human activities at a planetary scale. Countless conferences have been either canceled, reprogrammed for the next year or moved to a virtual format. However, thanks to an important strengthening of the Latin American student network and the creation of several new RSGs in the continent, we were able to get together a fearless team that aimed to overcome the pandemic obstacles and still organise the 4th LA-SCS. Here we summarize our experiences in our first virtual symposium.

Dialogue deadlock raises political stakes in Venezuela

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Regime Change ◽  
Candidate Selection ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Latin American Region ◽  
The Government ◽  
Oil Embargo ◽  
American Region

Significance The dialogue between the government and opposition convened in the Dominican Republic has broken down amid mutual recriminations. The government will press ahead with the presidential election. Washington, which already warned that it will not recognise the result, is pressing for a more aggressive position to force regime change. Impacts Fissures in the opposition will widen as deliberations intensify over participation and candidate selection. US contemplation of an oil embargo on Venezuela will be divisive within the wider Latin American region. Absent guarantees of a lifting of individual sanctions and immunity from prosecution, Maduro and his core team will not readily leave power.

Cross-market dynamics and optimal portfolio strategies in Latin American equity markets

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed El Hédi Arouri ◽  
Amine Lahiani ◽  
Duc Khuong Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Portfolio Management ◽  
Equity Markets ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Volatility Transmission ◽  
Volatility Spillovers ◽  
Hedging Strategies ◽  
Latin American Region ◽  
The Us ◽  
American Region

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the return links and volatility transmission between five major equity markets of the Latin American region and the USA over the period 1993-2012. Design/methodology/approach – The authors employ a multivariate vector autoregressive moving average – generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (VAR-GARCH) methodology which allows for cross-market transmissions in both return and volatility. Moreover, we show how the obtained results can be used to design internationally diversified portfolios involving the Latin American assets and to analyze the effectiveness of hedging strategies. Findings – The results point to the existence of substantial cross-market return and volatility spillovers and are thus crucial for international portfolio management in the Latin American region. However, the intensity of shock and volatility cross effects varies across the studied markets. Research limitations/implications – The optimal weights and hedging ratios that we compute from the observed return and volatility spillovers, suggest that adding the Latin American assets helps improve the risk-adjusted return of the internationally diversified portfolios as well as reduce their risk exposure. For policymakers and market authorities, an increase in the level of shock interactions and volatility transmission between the US and Latin American equity markets as well as among these Latin American markets implies that the stability of the financial system in one country can be deeply affected by the disturbances in another country. Originality/value – The authors extend the previous works on Latin American emerging markets by examining the extent of shock and volatility transmission as well as portfolio design and management from the point of view of both the US (global) and Latin American investors.

scholarly journals Fala protestów społecznych w Ameryce Łacińskiej w 2019 roku. Kontekst polityczny, ekonomiczny i społeczny

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Joanna Gocłowska-Bolek
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Research Centers ◽  
Media Relations ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Latin American Region ◽  
Social Protests ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
American Region

The aim of the article is to analyze the events in the Latin American region in 2019, which took a form of social protests known as the "Latin American Spring". Although the duration, methods, reach, dynamics and degree of radicalization differed from country to country, a common regional characterization can be made. The article analyzes the causes of the protests and places them in the historical, political, economic and social context, indicating many similarities and common features. The article is based on participant observations (in Chile and Argentina) and an analysis of media relations and reports prepared by foreign research centers.

scholarly journals PUB107 Cancer Genomic Resources and Needs in the Latin American Region

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. S1509
Author(s):  
Javier Oliver ◽  
Felipe Vaca Paniagua ◽  
Sandra Perdomo
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Genomic Resources ◽  
Latin American Region ◽  
American Region

Market orientation and women-owned SMEs performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Amir Rashid ◽  
Masood Nawaz Kalyar ◽  
Imran Shafique
Keyword(s):  
Market Orientation ◽  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThis research aims to investigate the contingent effect of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and strategic decision responsiveness (SDR) on the link of market orientation (MO) and performance of women-owned small and medium-sized enterprises (WSMEs).Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 909 WSMEs of Punjab province Pakistan through survey questionnaire. Hierarchical regression is employed to perform the analysis.FindingsResults reveal that although higher-level dimensions of MO directly affect the WSMEs performance, however this linkage becomes stronger under SDR and higher-level dimensions of EO.Practical implicationsManagers should emphasis on the demonstration of EO's dimensions and SDR to utilize the full potential of MO to promote WSMEs performance.Originality/valueTo study the contingent effect of SDR and EO's dimensions in the MO–WSMEs performance nexus is the novelty of this study.

Exploring entrepreneurial orientation and intentions among technical university students

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 718-736
Author(s):  
Swagatika Sahoo ◽  
Rajeev Kumar Panda
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the impact of the contextual antecedents on the individual entrepreneurial orientation (IEO) of university graduates, which, in turn, affects their entrepreneurial intentions (EIs). Design/methodology/approach Primary data were collected in the form of 510 valid responses from engineering students across two technical universities in India, through a structured questionnaire consisting of scales adapted from the extant literature, and the data were empirically validated in this study. The reliability and validity measures of the constructs were validated through the confirmatory factor analysis, and the proposed hypotheses were validated using structural equation modelling. Findings The results of this empirical analysis validate that the contextual antecedents have a significant positive impact on students’ entrepreneurial orientation (EO), which, in turn, has a significant positive influence on EIs. Research limitations/implications This analysis depicts the significance of EO as a perceptual driver at the individual level and substantiates that the availability of resources such as startup capital, access to business information, social networks and supportive university context significantly affects the decision-making process of an individual to venture into an otherwise uncertain occupation of entrepreneurship. Practical implications The study has the likely potential to help university administrators and policymakers to allocate resources, develop strategies and provide effective entrepreneurial learning in entrepreneurship-oriented courses aimed at honing entrepreneurial skills and self-confidence of the university students. This holistic model can be used as a tool for resource planning and prioritising in order to provide the desired contextual support essential for fostering the IEO of the university students towards adopting entrepreneurial career, thereby assisting them to achieve their career goals and the broader objective of nation-building. Originality/value This study adopts an innovative approach to empirically validate the EO construct at the individual level, which has been studied at the organisation (firm) level till today. This research explores the relevant contextual antecedents and analyses their impact on IEO as well as the explanatory capacity of IEO to explain students’ EIs in the contextual backdrop of universities in a fast transitioning economy like India.

Cholera dynamics: lessons from an epidemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Balasubramanian ◽  
Sebastian Murcia ◽  
C. Brandon Ogbunugafor ◽  
Ronnie Gavilan ◽  
Salvador Almagro-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Watery Diarrhoea ◽  
Ideal Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Continental Dynamics ◽  
Latin American Region ◽  
Rapid Spread

Cholera is a severe diarrhoeal disease that spreads rapidly and affects millions of people each year, resulting in tens of thousands of deaths. The disease is caused by Vibrio cholerae O1 and is characterized by watery diarrhoea that can be lethal if not properly treated. Cholera had not been reported in South America from the late 1800s until 1991, when it was introduced in Peru, wreaking havoc in one of the biggest epidemics reported to date. Within a year, the disease had spread to most of the Latin American region, resulting in millions of cases and thousands of deaths in all affected countries. Despite its aggressive entry, cholera virtually disappeared from the continent after 1999. The progression of the entire epidemic was well documented, making it an ideal model to understand cholera dynamics. In this review, we highlight how the synergy of socioeconomic, political and ecological factors led to the emergence, rapid spread and eventual disappearance of cholera in Latin America. We discuss how measures implemented during the cholera epidemic drastically changed its course and continental dynamics. Finally, we synthesize our findings and highlight potential lessons that can be learned for efficient and standardized cholera management programmes during future outbreaks in non-endemic areas.

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