Experimental study on fire resistance of a full-scale composite floor assembly in a two-story steel framed building

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Choe ◽  
Selvarajah Ramesh ◽  
Xu Dai ◽  
Matthew Hoehler ◽  
Matthew Bundy
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
System Level ◽  
Compartment Fire ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Standard Fire ◽  
Fire Experiment ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Floor System

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report the first of four planned fire experiments on the 9.1 × 6.1 m steel composite floor assembly as part of the two-story steel framed building constructed at the National Fire Research Laboratory.Design/methodology/approachThe fire experiment was aimed to quantify the fire resistance and behavior of full-scale steel–concrete composite floor systems commonly built in the USA. The test floor assembly, designed and constructed for the 2-h fire resistance rating, was tested to failure under a natural gas fueled compartment fire and simultaneously applied mechanical loads.FindingsAlthough the protected steel beams and girders achieved matching or superior performance compared to the prescribed limits of temperatures and displacements used in standard fire testing, the composite slab developed a central breach approximately at a half of the specified rating period. A minimum area of the shrinkage reinforcement (60 mm2/m) currently permitted in the US construction practice may be insufficient to maintain structural integrity of a full-scale composite floor system under the 2-h standard fire exposure.Originality/valueThis work was the first-of-kind fire experiment conducted in the USA to study the full system-level structural performance of a composite floor system subjected to compartment fire using natural gas as fuel to mimic a standard fire environment.

A Study of Reproducibility of a Full-Scale Multi-Room Compartment Fire Experiment

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Johansson ◽  
Stefan Svensson ◽  
Patrick van Hees
Keyword(s):  
Full Scale ◽  
Compartment Fire ◽  
Fire Experiment

Simulation of charring depth of timber structures when exposed to non-standard fire curves

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Christophe Mindeguia ◽  
Guillaume Cueff ◽  
Virginie Dréan ◽  
Gildas Auguin
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Thermal Exposure ◽  
Performance Based Design ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Char Layer ◽  
Wooden Structure ◽  
Standard Fire ◽  
A Performance

Purpose The fire resistance of wooden structures is commonly based on the calculation or measurement of the char layer. Designers usually estimate the char layer at the surface of a structural element by using analytical models. Some of these charring models can be found in regulations, as Eurocode 5. These analytical models, quite simple to use, are only reliable for the standard fire curve. In that case, the design of the structure is qualified as “prescriptive-based design” and can lead to oversizing the structure. Optimization of a structure can be achieved by using a “Performance-based design”, where realistic fire scenarios are taken into account by means of more or less complex models [parametric fires, two-zones models, computational fluid dynamics (CFD)]. For these so-called “natural fires”, no model for charring is available. The purpose of this paper is to present a novel methodology for applying a performance-based design to a simple timber structure. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents the development of a numerical model aiming to simulate the thermal transfer and charring in wood, under any type of thermal exposure, including non-standard fire curves. After presenting the physical background, the model is calibrated and compared to existing experimental studies on wood samples exposed to different fire curves. The model is then used as a tool for assessing the fire resistance of a common wooden structure exposed to standard and non-standard fire curves. Findings The results show that the fire resistance is obviously dependent on the choice of the thermal exposure. The reliability of the model is also discussed and the importance of taking into account particular reactions in wood during heating is underlined. Originality/value One aim of this paper is to show the opportunity to apply a performance-based approach when designing a wooden structure. It shows that more knowledge of the material behaviour under non-standard fires is still needed, especially during the decay phase.

Comparison of fire resistance of damaged fireproofed steel beams under hydrocarbon pool fire and ASTM E119 fire exposure

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Mahamid ◽  
Ataollah Taghipour Anvari ◽  
Ines Torra-Bilal ◽  
Tom Brindley ◽  
Michael McNallan
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Steel Beams ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
Standard Fire ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fire Scenarios ◽  
Astm E119

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate different types of fire on structural steel members with damaged fireproofing. Two types of fire scenarios are considered, ASTM E119 fire and Hydrocarbon fire. In industrial facilities such as oil refineries, certain units maybe subjected to hydrocarbon fire, and its effect might be different than standard fire. The purpose of this study is to compare both types of fire scenarios on steel beams with damaged fireproofing and determine the fire rating of the damaged beams under each fire scenario. Design/methodology/approach The study is performed using computational methods, thermal-stress finite element analysis that is validated with experimental results. The results of practical beam sizes and typical applied loads in such structures have been plotted and compared with steel beams with non-damaged fireproofing. Findings The results show significant difference in the beam fire resistance between the two fire scenarios and show the fire resistance for beam under each case. The study provides percentage reduction in fire resistance under each case for the most commonly used cases in practice under different load conditions. Originality/value Extensive literature search has been performed by the authors, and few studies were found relevant to the topic. The question this study answers comes up regularly in practice. There are no standards to codes that address this issue.

Marcellus Shale play and the cointegration of natural gas markets in the Northeast

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Arano ◽  
Marieta Velikova ◽  
Kathryn Gazal
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Marcellus Shale ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Natural Gas Markets ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Supply Shock ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Gas Market ◽  
Long Run Equilibrium

Purpose The development of the Marcellus Shale Play has altered the geography of production in the USA, particularly in the Northeast natural gas market. The purpose of this paper is to examine its impact on an already integrated industry. Design/methodology/approach The authors utilize the methodology of co-integration and focus on the geographic reach of the Marcellus region to examine movements of prices across the upstream, midstream and downstream segments of the industry. Findings The results of this paper indicate that prices across segments remain strongly co-integrated with the boom in production. The short-run dynamics, however, reveal a slower adjustment to the long-run equilibrium following the boom, particularly for wellhead to city-gate and wellhead to residential prices. Originality/value The growth in delivery infrastructure has not kept up with the boom in production creating bottlenecks. The supply shock brought about by the boom in production has not altered previously established co-integrating relationships but has altered the speeds of adjustment towards the long-run equilibrium.

scholarly journals Erratum to: A Study of Reproducibility of a Full-Scale Multi-Room Compartment Fire Experiment

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 747-748
Author(s):  
Nils Johansson ◽  
Stefan Svensson ◽  
Patrick van Hees
Keyword(s):  
Full Scale ◽  
Compartment Fire ◽  
Fire Experiment

scholarly journals Experimental investigations on the load bearing behaviour of an innovative prestressed composite floor system in fire

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Meyer ◽  
Peter Schaumann ◽  
Martin Mensinger ◽  
Suet Kwan Koh
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Concrete Slab ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Natural Fire ◽  
Fire Scenario ◽  
Standard Fire ◽  
Hollow Space ◽  
Floor System

In Germany, regulations for hollow spaces in slab systems require 30 minutes standard fire resistance of the load-bearing steel construction. Within a current national research project a natural fire scenario for the hollow space was developed based on realistic fire loads and ventilation conditions in the hollow space. Assuming this realistic fire scenario in the hollow space, two large scale tests on an innovative composite floor system were performed to evaluate the influence on the load bearing behaviour of the floor system. The integrated and sustainable composite floor system consists of a prestressed concrete slab, an unprotected, bisected hot rolled I-profile with composite dowels either in puzzle or clothoidal shape, and removable floor panels on the top of the I-profile. This floor system ensures the opportunity to adjust the technical building installations in accordance with the use of the building. This integrated and sustainable composite floor system was developed in several research projects. The standard fire resistance R90 for the fire scenario below the slab system has already been proven successfully. In this paper, experimental investigations regarding the heating and load bearing behaviour of the innovative composite floor system under the newly developed natural fire scenario of hollow spaces are presented. In doing so, the special test set-up to realise the fire tests for the fire scenario hollow space will be described in detail. After the fire scenario for the hollow space, the specimen was subjected to the ISO standard fire curve to establish the failure temperature of the unprotected I-profile. In addition to the temperature development and the load bearing behaviour inside the innovative floor during the heating phase, the cooling phase and the influence of a web opening on the load bearing behaviour will be discussed.

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