scholarly journals Demographic change as a driver for tourism automation

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Webster ◽  
Stanislav Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Human Reproduction ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Demographic Trends ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss how demographic changes in developed countries will continue to drive the tourism and hospitality industries to adopt automation in business operations. Design/methodology/approach The approach is an analysis of the trends in human reproduction in the developed countries and a discussion of their implications for the travel, tourism and hospitality industries. Findings There are three major solutions to the demographic problem faced in developed countries and the replacement of human labour with automation is the most practical, immediate and has the fewest risks and negative externalities. Practical implications Industry has to adapt to the new demographic reality and embrace automation of services, educate their customers and have policies to deal with the resistance expected by labour. Social implications Society can expect that many of the tasks they commonly expect humans to be involved in will be done by machines and artificial intelligence in the near future, if demographic trends continue and massive immigration into developed countries is not a continuing phenomenon. Originality/value This links the relationship between demographic trends to the use of automation in the travel, tourism and hospitality industries.

Does investment in innovation impact firm performance in emerging economies? An empirical investigation of the Indian food and agricultural manufacturing industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-248
Author(s):  
Manogna R.L. ◽  
Aswini Kumar Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Emerging Economy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Indian Food ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The study aims to analyze the impact of Research & Development (R&D) intensity on the firm’s performance, measured by growth of sales in the emerging market like India. Innovation strategy and its outcomes for firms may be different in developing countries as compared to developed countries. Thus, a study that focuses on the emerging economy like India, with a majority of the population dependent on agriculture, is of prime importance to the firm performance in the food and agricultural manufacturing industry. For this study, the broader focus will be on one widely recognised factor which may influence the growth rate of firms, i.e. investment in innovations which is in terms of R&D expenditure. Design/methodology/approach The paper investigates the relationship between the R&D efforts and growth of firms in the Indian food and agricultural manufacturing industry during 2001–2019. To empirically test the relationship between firm’s growth (FG) and R&D investments, system generalised method of moments technique has been used, hence enabling to avoid problems related to endogeneity and simultaneity. Findings The findings reveal that investments in innovations have a positive effect on the growth of firms in the Indian food and agricultural manufacturing industry. Investment in R&D also enables the firms to reap benefits from externalities present in the industry. Further analysis reveals that younger firms grow faster when they invest in R&D. More specifically, this paper finds evidence in the case of the food and agricultural industry that import of raw materials negatively affects the FG and export intensity positively affects the growth in the case of R&D firms. Research limitations/implications This study suggests that the government should encourage the industries to invest optimally in R&D projects by providing favourable fiscal treatments and R&D subsidies which are observed to have positive effects in various developed countries. Originality/value To the best of the author’s knowledge, the current paper is the first to analyse the impact of innovation in food and agricultural industry on firm’s performance in an emerging economy context with the latest data. This paper agrees that a government initiative to increase private R&D expenditure would have favourable effects on FG as growing investments in R&D lead to further growth of the firms.

scholarly journals Taxing impact of terrorism on global economic openness of developed and developing countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-335
Author(s):  
Abubakr Saeed ◽  
Yuhua Ding ◽  
Shawkat Hammoudeh ◽  
Ishtiaq Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Economic Openness ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Military Expenditures ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the relationship between terrorism and economic openness that takes into account both the number and intensity of terrorist incidents and the impact of government military expenditures on trade-GDP and foreign direct investment-GDP ratios for both developed and developing countries. It uses the dynamic GMM method to account for endogeneity in the variables. Deaths caused by terrorism have a significant negative impact on FDI flows, and the number of terrorist attacks is also found to be significant in hampering the countries’ ability to trade with other nations. The study also demonstrates that the developing countries exhibit almost similar results to our main analysis. The developed countries exhibit a negative impact of terrorism, but the regression results are not significant.

The prevalence of ethnocentric tendencies in Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamgid Ahmed Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Rigorous Study ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Made In

Purpose – This paper aims to argue that the traditional belief that “consumer ethnocentrism is a phenomenon of the developed countries only” is no longer true. To establish this argument, our study assesses the applicability of the Consumer Ethnocentric Tendencies Scale (CETSCALE) in Bangladesh by judging the unidimensionality feature of the same. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology is based on sample of 788 respondents collected from 27 border and non-border districts of Bangladesh. Findings – Statistically significant results show that for the consumers of border and non-border districts, the original CETSCALE is, to a great extent, applicable as those groups have shown positive attitudes in retaining 12-14 items out of the 17 items of the original scale. However, the groups and the respondents as a whole did not agree with the unidimensionality feature of the CETSCALE. Practical implications – The results of the study show that Bangladeshi consumers prefer to see “Made in Bangladesh” tags when buying consumer products – a significant potential threat that the multinational companies need to address while planning to expand business in Bangladesh. Originality/value – This type of rigorous study on Bangladesh has never been done before. Moreover, the study identifies the difference in ethnocentric behavior of the consumers living in border and non-border areas – a study of ethnocentrism from a different point of view.

Board diversity and CSR reporting: an Australian study

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathyayini Rao ◽  
Carol Tilt
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Board Diversity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Csr Reporting ◽  
Diversity Measure ◽  
Multiple Directorships ◽  
Csr Disclosure ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This paper aims to examine the relationship between corporate governance, in particular board diversity, and corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting among the top 150 listed companies in Australia over a three-year period. Design/methodology/approach The quantitative analysis involving a longitudinal study is used where content analysis is undertaken to analyse the extent of CSR disclosures in annual reports. Regression analysis using panel data is used to analyse the potential association between CSR disclosure and five important board diversity measures, specifically independence, tenure, gender, multiple directorships and overall diversity measure. Findings The results based on the regression analysis reveal that three of the board diversity attributes (gender, tenure and multiple directorships) and the overall diversity measure have the potential to influence CSR reporting. The relationship between independent/non-executive directors and CSR disclosure however is unclear. In addition, three of the control variables (firm size, industry and CEO duality) are found to have some influence on CSR disclosure, whereas board size and profitability are found to be insignificant. The results also indicate the existence of some possible interaction effects between gender and multiple directorships. Originality/value The paper has implications for companies, for policymakers and for the professional development needs of board members. Australian companies should consider identifying board attributes that enhance CSR disclosures, as it has been shown in previous studies that CSR disclosure in Australia is low when compared to other developed countries. Moreover, given that there is such limited research linking board diversity and CSR disclosure, the results of this paper provide scope for further research. Moreover the paper contributes to the existing literature on board composition and CSR disclosure by extending the literature to board diversity and provides preliminary evidence of the influence of board diversity on CSR disclosure in Australia.

Landscape view, height preferences and apartment prices: evidence from major urban areas in Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 701-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andi Nidaul Hasanah ◽  
Muhammad Halley Yudhistira
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Semiparametric Regression ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Extensive List

Purpose Landscape view is a crucial factor in house-buying decisions. Landscape views provide an amenity to residents, and this can influence the house or apartment owners in their residence decisions. Yet, the relative value of different types of view potentially differs. Additionally, the value of each type of view may differ depending on an apartment’s elevation above the ground level. In this study, the authors aim to estimate the value of landscape views on apartment prices in major urban areas in Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach This paper evaluates to what extent various landscape views including mountain, sea, river, lake, street, urban village, garden and sports center views affect apartment prices in major urban areas in Indonesia. Two hedonic regression approaches are used: ordinary least squares and semiparametric regression. The latter is used to accommodate a possible non-linearity in the relationship between price and apartment characteristics. The model also incorporates housing and locational characteristics as control variables. Findings Using online apartment market data, the estimates in this paper show some degree of heterogeneity in the value of various views to the extent of providing negative externalities. Mountain, street and sports center views are associated with higher apartment prices. Sea, lake and garden views are statistically insignificant in explaining the prices. In contrast, the unappealing nature of the rivers and their surrounding creates a negative impact on prices. The estimates also suggest that an apartment’s floor height plays a significant role in the valuation of views. Originality/value There is little research on landscape view effects on apartment prices, especially in Indonesia. In addition, the relationship between the value of views and height preferences has seldom been analyzed. This paper provides the valuation of an extensive list of landscape views in urban areas in Indonesia. The estimation results also suggest that the value of views may differ depending on the floor on which an apartment lies.

Global Trends in Domestic savings and Longevity- Implications for India

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
Thilak Venkatesan ◽  
Venkataraman R
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Demographic Dividend ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Domestic Savings ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
The Relationship

Demographic dividend and the lowest median age among the earning population propels consumption and growth in India. Among the emerging economies, China had the leverage for growth through exports until 2008. India benefited by demographic dividend and this translates to providing income and thereby increases savings. On the other hand, the developed countries are experiencing problems of an aging economy, a deflationary scenario, and a pension burden. India, with its major workforce in the unorganized and private sector, needs to recognize the need for forward-looking policies that stimulate savings for a better lifestyle post-retirement. The study was focussed on the relationship between longevity (life expectancy), and domestic savings. The research observed divergence between the developed nations and India. A more futuristic policy action is suggested to motivate savings as the increase in population and higher levels of economic growth can be achieved with more domestic savings.

scholarly journals On the Relationship between Innovation Activity and Manufacturing Upgrading of Emerging Countries: Evidence from China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong Xie ◽  
Guixue Zang ◽  
Feifei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Product Innovation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Institutional Innovation ◽  
Technical Innovation ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Innovation Product ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Relationship

Most research into the relationship between innovation activity and manufacturing upgrading has been conducted in developed economies, such as the countries of North America and Europe. Due to the non-replicability of the developed countries’ development modes, most emerging countries cannot directly copy the manufacturing upgrading path of the developed countries. However, knowledge about the relationship between innovation activity and manufacturing upgrading in emerging economies remains limited. This paper sheds light on the relationship between innovation activity and manufacturing upgrading in emerging countries from the following three types of innovation, namely, technical innovation, product innovation, and institutional innovation. By using data from Chinese provinces for the period 2001–2015, this paper empirically investigates the relationship between innovation activity and manufacturing upgrading in emerging countries. The results show that technical innovation, product innovation, and institutional innovation have significantly positive driving-force effects on manufacturing upgrading, which indicates that innovation is an important source of promoting manufacturing upgrading for emerging countries. Moreover, the effect above is more prominent for technical innovation. The results are resilient to the alternative indicators of innovation and the alternative indicators of manufacturing upgrading. This paper provides a theoretical and empirical reference for conducting innovation-incentive policy and promoting the optimization of manufacturing structure.

scholarly journals O desenvolvimento urbano sustentável – uma utopia possível?

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulma das Graças Lucena SCHUSSEL
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Agenda 21 ◽  
Local Agenda 21 ◽  
Environment And Development ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Relationship

O século XX, ao mesmo tempo em que se caracterizou pela associação do conceito de desenvolvimento ao uso e consumo crescentes do solo, das fontes de energia e dos recursos naturais de forma geral, deu origem à formação das concentrações metropolitanas. Essas concentrações aglutinaram ao longo do tempo fortes processos de degradação ambiental. Uma das respostas encontradas para essas questões vem sendo dada pela Agenda 21, adotada por aproximadamente 179 países na Conferência das Nações Unidas sobre Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, em 1992, no Rio de Janeiro. A presente reflexão trata das diferenças entre as Agendas 21 locais desenvolvidas nos países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento. Propõe a discussão sobre o inter-relacionamento das questões socioambientais do município com o espaço regional e as decorrentes limitações na implementação dos propósitos da Agenda 21 local. Sustainable urban development – a possible utopia? Abstract The 20th century has been characterized by the association of the developmental concept with the increasing use and ground consumption, the energy sources and the natural resources in general. At the same time, the metropolitan concentrations formation began and generates, throught out the years, an strong process of environmental degradation. One of the answers founded for these questions has been given through the Agenda 21, adopted by approximately 179 countries in the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, in 1992, at Rio de Janeiro. The present reflection is about the differences between the local Agenda 21 implemented in the developed countries and in the developing countries. It proposes the discussion about the relationship between the municipality’s social and environmental issues and regional space and the consequent limitations at the implementation of the Agenda 21 purposes.

Demonstrating the motivational scale for commitments toward teachers’ turnover intentions using self-determination theory: a case of higher education institutions in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayeda Zeenat Maryam ◽  
Fouzia Ali ◽  
Mehvish Rizvi ◽  
Sadia Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Turnover Intentions ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThis paper aims to demonstrate the turnover intentions (TIs) among the academic faculty of higher education institutions (HEIs) in Pakistan through their motivation and commitment toward the concerned institution. It inspects the relationship of dimensions of motivation including an absence of motivation (AM), extrinsic motivation (ExM) and intrinsic motivation (InM) with the dimensions of commitment including affective commitment (AC), continuous commitment (CC) and normative commitment (NC) and finally the academic's TIs.Design/methodology/approachThe paper used the self-determination theory (SDT), the theory of organizational commitment (OC) and the theory of planned behavior (TPB) for its proposed model. A sample of 500 academics, working under higher education commission recognized public and private universities in Punjab Pakistan. A structural equation modeling (SEM) conducted for analysis using an algorithm, bootstrapping and blindfolding techniques.FindingsThe outcomes of the research are attention-grabbing, as no direct relationship has been observed between the dimensions of motivation and TIs except InM. The dimensions of commitments are mediating the relationship between motivation and TIs with high significance value. The results reveal a significant adverse effect on TIs through two dimensions of commitment.Research limitations/implicationsAs it is the case of a developing country like Pakistan therefore the finding cannot generalize to developed countries.Practical implicationsThe findings of this research may lead the policymakers and practitioners of HEIs and controlling body to retain their competent teachers.Social implicationsThis research can help the private sector to develop strategies about the retention of their competent teachers within the institutions that not just value the institution but also will be much beneficial for the students and society.Originality/valueThis paper is identifying how motivation is related to TIs and the role of commitment in it at HEIs. Still, no research has been conducted considering this avenue of SDT, OC and TPB

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