scholarly journals Market structure of short sea shipping in northeast Asia

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
So-Young Park ◽  
Su-Han Woo ◽  
Po-Lin Lai
Keyword(s):  
Market Structure ◽  
Market Share ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Capacity Utilisation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Short Sea Shipping ◽  
Content Type ◽  
North East ◽  
Governmental Intervention

Purpose Short-sea shipping (SSS) plays an important role in regional transportation networks by supporting regional trade and improving inter-modality. In particular, countries in north-east Asia, such as China, South Korea and Japan have been served well by local SSS services. While SSS markets in Northeast Asia (NEA) have been developed by bilateral routes with sub-markets, the market structure of each sub-markets varies depending on concentration and competition levels as well as government intervention. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the market structure of SSS markets in the Northeast Asia. Design/methodology/approach Herfindahl–Hirschman Index (HHI) and concentration ratio are adopted to measure the market concentration from 2013 to 2017 for SSS markets in NEA. Additionally, the balance between supply and demand is investigated by measuring the capacity utilisation factor (CUF) based on slot capacity. Findings The market structure in the NEA SSS markets is influenced by firms’ behaviour under different levels of governmental intervention. Shipping firms in a market with more governmental intervention in market entry tend to focus on balancing supply and demand rather than increasing market share, whereas firms in a market with less intervention (and more competition) tend to increase their market share by pursuing efficient capacity management. Research limitations/implications The period of data set is limited to 2013–2017. Furthermore, prices or revenue for specific routes are not available. Originality/value This paper sheds light on the market structure and behaviour of players in SSS market. In addition, the work has value to measure capacity utilisation based on slot capacity.

Empirical evaluation of structure-conduct-performance paradigm as applied to the Iranian Islamic banking system

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Ghaemi Asl ◽  
Muhammad Mahdi Rashidi ◽  
Alireza Ghorbani
Keyword(s):  
Market Structure ◽  
Market Share ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Simple Regression Model ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the impact of market structure and market share on the performance of the Islamic banks operating in the Iranian banking system based on the structure-conduct-performance (SCP) paradigm. Design/methodology/approach The Iranian Islamic banking system’s market structure is evaluated by using the econometrics method to test the validity of the traditional SCP paradigm. For this purpose, the authors estimate a simple regression model that is consisted of several independent variables, such as the market share, bank size, real gross domestic product, liquidity and Herfindahl-Hirschman index as a proxy variable for concentration and one dependent variable, namely, the profit as a proxy for performance. The panel data includes a data sample of 22 Islamic banks operating from 2006 to 2019. Data are extracted from the balance sheet of Islamic banks and the time-series database of the Central Bank of Iran and World Bank. Findings The study’s findings indicate that both concentration and market share have a positive impact on the performance of banks in the Iranian Islamic banking system. This result is contradicted with both traditional SCP and efficient structure hypotheses; however, it confirms the existence of oligopoly or cartel in the Iranian Islamic banking system that few banks try to gain the highest share of profit and maintain their market share by colluding with each other. This result is in contradiction with other research studies about the market structure in the Iranian banking system that claimed that banks in Iran operate under monopolistic competition. In addition, it shows that the privatization of some banks in Iran does not improve and help competition in the Iranian banking system. Originality/value This paper is a pioneer empirical study analyzing the market structure, concentration and collusion based on the SCP paradigm in Iranian Islamic banking. The results of the study support the existence of collusive behavior among the Islamic bank in Iran that is not aligned with Sharia. This study clearly shows the difference between ideal Islamic banking and Islamic banking in practice in Islamic countries. This clearly indicates that only prohibiting some operations like receiving interest, gambling and bearing excessive risk is not enough. In fact, the Islamic banking system should be based on the Sharia rule in all aspects and much more modification and study have to be done to achieve an appropriate Islamic banking system. These possible modifications to overcome the issues of cartel-like market structure and collusive behavior in the Iranian Islamic banking system include making the Iranian banking system more transparent, letting foreign banks enter the Iranian banking system and minimizing the government intervention in the Iranian banking system.

Market structure-performance hypothesis in Kenyan banking industry

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon W. Giorgis Sahile ◽  
Daniel Kipkirong Tarus ◽  
Thomas Kimeli Cheruiyot
Keyword(s):  
Market Structure ◽  
Market Efficiency ◽  
Market Share ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Market Concentration ◽  
Bank Performance ◽  
Content Type

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to test market structure-performance hypothesis in banking industry in Kenya. Specifically, the structure-conduct-performance (SCP) and market efficiency hypotheses were examined to determine how market concentration and efficiency affect bank performance in Kenya. Design/methodology/approach – The study used secondary data of 44 commercial banks operating from 2000 to 2009. Three proxies to measure bank performance were used while market concentration and market share were used as proxies for market structure. Market concentration was measured using two concentration measures; the concentration ratio of the four largest banks (CR4) and Herfindahl-Hirschman Index, while market share was used as a proxy for efficiency. The study made use of generalized least square regression method. Findings – The empirical results confirm that market efficiency hypothesis is a predictor of firm performance in the banking sector in Kenya and rejects the traditional SCP hypothesis. Thus, the results support the view that efficient banks maximize profitability. Practical implications – The study provides insights into the role of efficiency in enhancing profitability in commercial banks in Kenya. It has managerial implication that profitable banks ought to be efficient and dispels the notion of collusive behavior as a precursor for profitability. Originality/value – The paper fills an important gap in the extant literature by proving insights into what determines bank profitability in banking sector in Kenya. Although this area is rich in research, little work has been conducted in the developing economies and in particular no study in the knowledge has addressed this critical issue in Kenya.

How small-medium enterprises leverage intangibles during recessions. Evidence from the Italian clothing industry

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1491-1515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Cucculelli ◽  
Cristina Bettinelli ◽  
Angelo Renoldi
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Market Share ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Contingent Factor ◽  
Small Medium Enterprises ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to focus on how investments in research and development (R&D) and advertising affect the performance of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) during recessions. Design/methodology/approach – Contingency theory is applied to a data set of 376 Italian clothing SMEs during the period 2000-2010 to test whether investment in R&D and advertising impacts financial performance differently when contingent factors (such as market share, financial leverage and business model change) are taken into account. Findings – Empirical results confirm that market share and leverage moderate the effects of investments in R&D and advertising (i.e. intangibles) on performance, and also that changes in business models are an important contingent factor that explains performance. Specifically, the paper ascertains that a novelty-centered business model, together with investments in intangibles, positively affects performance during recessions. Originality/value – This study offers an input to the debate on how SMEs develop and sustain their competitive advantage during the recession. It contributes to existent theory by showing whether and how contingencies, such as a firm's market share and leverage, moderate the relationship between performance and investments in R&D and advertising in SMEs. Second, it addresses the call for additional data “about the strategic effects of business models and how they influence the positioning of firms in their competitive environment” (Amit and Zott, 2008, p. 20) by introducing business model change/innovation as a new contingency factor and by empirically testing its effects on “objective measures of firm performance” (Bock et al., 2012, p. 301).

Market structure, strategic choices and bank performance: a path model

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 538-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Belkhaoui ◽  
Lassaad Lakhal ◽  
Faten Lakhal ◽  
Slaheddine Hellara
Keyword(s):  
Market Structure ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Market Share ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Strategic Choice ◽  
Bank Performance ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Content Type

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop and test a conceptual model of bank performance. Design/methodology/approach – The papers build a system of causal relationships between market structure, strategic choice and bank performance using the path analysis method. The sample includes commercial banks from 11 emerging countries. Findings – Results show that market structure has a positive and indirect effect on bank performance, and that market share has a positive and direct effect on bank performance. Strategic variables related to risk taking and diversification affect directly and indirectly bank performance. The indirect effect occurs via market share. The results suggest that the mediating role played by the strategic choice in the relationship between market structure and performance is complete. Originality/value – The contribution of this paper is threefold. The first one is to develop a conceptual model to explain bank performance. The model includes simultaneously direct and indirect causal relationships between market structure, strategic choice and bank performance. The second one is the use of the path analysis method to estimate the direct and indirect relationships. The third one is related to the sample including commercial banks in emerging markets.

scholarly journals What is the employment potential of a lean platform? The case of Dutch self-employed service professionals

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Jonker-Hoffrén
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Price Setting ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Setting Mechanism ◽  
System Data ◽  
Service Jobs ◽  
Employment Potential ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to study what platform-related user factors influence the employment potential of a lean platform for self-employed professionals.Design/methodology/approachThe article employs the system data of a Dutch platform firm, which include consumers looking for painters (N = 17,224) and self-employed painters (N = 1,752) who pursue client acquisition by submitting proposals (N = 101,974). This data is analysed using non-parametric tests.FindingsStudy of this platform shows that the platform functions as a channel of acquisition for self-employed professionals. This lean platform enables matching of information of supply and demand, thereby facilitating processes of acquisition. The number of competitors, distance to a potential job and non-standard proposals are statistically significant factors that influence whether a consumer is interested in a proposal. Effect sizes are very small.Research limitations/implicationsThis platform is a two-way market for information about service jobs, which excludes a price setting mechanism. The findings of this study cannot be generalized to other forms of platforms.Practical implicationsThe market for service professionals is very local; therefore, the platform firm may alter the algorithm to accommodate this. Self-employed professionals should approach using the platform in the same way as normal forms of acquisition.Social implicationsThis particular type of two-sided market is an extension of regular forms of acquisition by creating “weak ties” through the platform.Originality/valueThe article uses a unique data set to study the impact and limitations of digitalization of the (labour) market for service professionals.

Asymmetric preferences for leaders and implications for followers

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (7/8) ◽  
pp. 1256-1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean Charles Wilkie ◽  
Les Johnson ◽  
Lesley White
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Market Share ◽  
Optimal Strategies ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Development Strategies ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Market Leader ◽  
Asymmetric Preferences ◽  
Product Difference

Purpose – This study aims to examine leader–follower interdependence from a different perspective to learn whether variations in the market leader (ML)’s level of market strength require followers to pursue different strategies Literature investigating this interdependence largely focuses on the market share consequences for the ML, considering the strategies that followers pursue. Design/methodology/approach – A consumer scanner data set containing 375 followers provided input for a regression model, aimed at explaining the market share performance of followers. Findings – The ML’s products and level of market strength influence whether a follower should be more similar to or different from it, as well as the performance outcomes of distinct product development strategies. Research limitations/implications – This analysis uses unique measures of market strength and product difference; both are significant, but their robustness is limited without further substantiation. Practical implications – Managers must consider three factors that influence the outcomes of their product development strategies: the ML’s products, its market strength and the sum of product attribute differences across their range. Originality/value – This study empirically validates several theoretical arguments for how an ML influences followers’ performance, including the existence of preference asymmetry toward the ML. In turn, it makes recommendations of optimal strategies that followers should pursue. Finally, this article details a method to measure overall differences and highlights the significance of this measure for explaining a follower’s performance.

Doing good does not preclude doing well: corporate responsibility and financial performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 764-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jegoo Lee ◽  
Samuel B. Graves ◽  
Sandra Waddock
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Corporate Responsibility ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Windows Of Opportunity ◽  
Business Cases ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to propose and test a modified interpretation of long-standing issues on the corporate responsibility (CR)–corporate financial performance (CFP) relationship: companies involved in CR are in general no better and no worse in their level of financial performance than companies without such engagement because of the trade-off between benefit and cost at firm level and imbalance between supply and demand at industry (market) level. Design/methodology/approach The authors apply this frame to a data set with more than 12,000 observations over a 14-year period, using confidence intervals, as a useful and statistically valid approach for testing the null hypothesis. Findings The present study’s findings support neutrality between CR and CFP at the firm and industry levels, implying that a firm’s CR involvement neither penalizes nor improves its CFP. Research limitations/implications CR activities may provide windows of opportunity for companies but do not systematically improve financial performance. Practical implications “Doing good” is not a panacea for corporate achievement with respect to market-facing activities. For firms to succeed, instead, they need to create and implement their business cases and models by converting their involvement in CR activities into drivers for better outcomes because investments in CR practices do alone not guarantee improved financial performance. Originality/value The innovations in this study are twofold. Conceptually, this paper proposes a comprehensive approach for a neutral CR–CFP linkage. Empirically, it introduces a novel and appropriate method for testing neutrality. These will mark an important advance in the theoretical and empirical debates over CR and CFP.

Patterns in competitive structure among retail financial services brands

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (5/6) ◽  
pp. 924-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Dawes
Keyword(s):  
Market Structure ◽  
Market Share ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Brand Image ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Specific Product ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Modelling Framework ◽  
Similar Images

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine if services brands such as banks share their customers with competing brands in line with the market share of those competitors, and whether services brands with similar images form market partitions with heightened competitive intensity. Design/methodology/approach – The study uses brand usage, forced-choice and brand perceptions data obtained from a survey of consumers. The study uses a log-linear modelling framework to identify market structure and to test if partitions correspond to similarities in brand image. Findings – Analysis of in-market data shows customers share their requirements between competing brands in line with market share, and that brands with similar images do not form partitions. However, when consumers are asked to choose brands for a specific product, there is some tentative evidence of brand partitions among brands with similar brand image. Practical implications – The results here can help managers in service markets such as banking and insurance understand market structure. As a result, they can better plan customer acquisition and retention strategies. Originality/value – The study addresses a lack of research into customer sharing and switching in services markets. No previous study has successfully employed brand-sharing, forced-choice and brand image data to identify market structure in a services context.

Competition, R&D and innovation in Chilean firms

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-403
Author(s):  
José Pablo Montégu ◽  
Carolina Calvo ◽  
Julio A. Pertuze
Keyword(s):  
Market Structure ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Set Covering ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Innovation Output ◽  
Enterprise Survey

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of competition on both innovation inputs and outputs in Chilean firms. More specifically, the authors investigate whether there is an inverted-U relationship at different stages of the innovation process. Design/methodology/approach The sample covers 1,347 firms that responded to both the 4th Chilean Longitudinal Enterprise Survey and the 10th Chilean Innovation Survey. The CDM model (Crépon et al., 1998) is applied to correct for selectivity bias and endogeneity. Competition is proxied by measures of market concentration. The robustness of the results is checked using four alternative indicators. Findings The results strongly suggest that competition and both R&D and innovation intensities are linked by an inverted U-shaped curve. The estimated effects of competition on innovation output and labor productivity are rather ambiguous. Thus, market structure would be influencing the firms’ incentives to innovate, but not necessarily their innovation performance. Research limitations/implications The model is based on cross-sectional data, hampering the possibility to control for unobserved heterogeneity. Competitive pressures from potential entrants and foreign markets are not captured in the analysis. Practical implications Moderate levels of competition would be the optimal market structure in terms of promoting more business R&D and innovation spending. Originality/value A previously unutilized data set covering the whole economy is used. Estimations are executed at three different stages of the innovation process. Two types of innovation input and four types of innovation output are taken into account.

Valuing country of origin and organic claim

2014 ◽  
Vol 116 (7) ◽  
pp. 1070-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Schröck
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Research Association ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Price Premiums ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Degree

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify and quantify the factors determining the prices of organic and conventional cheese. For a market with a high degree of product differentiation, i.e. the German cheese market, price premiums of various cheese attributes are examined. Thereby, special attention is paid to country of origin (CO) effects, geographical indications (GIs) and organic claims. Design/methodology/approach – The analysis is based on homescan panel data of 13,000 representative German households provided by the GfK consumer research association. The data set combines actual purchase and demographic data for a five-year sample period from 2004 to 2008. Applying the hedonic technique, the cheese price is modelled as a function of a wide range of consumer, store and product characteristics. Effects are analysed in detail by distinguishing between supply- and demand-side effects and by estimating price regressions not only for the whole sample but also for different shop types. Findings – The estimated organic price premiums range between 18 per cent in discount shops and 26 per cent in hypermarkets. The impacts of the CO and GIs are considerably smaller in magnitude and limited to special shopping venues like super- and hypermarkets. Originality/value – The German cheese market is currently evolving from a staple product market to a highly differentiated market where increasing attention is paid to quality indicators such as organic claims or GIs. The data are remarkable, both in sample size and information content. Furthermore, the estimation of shop type-specific price premiums offers new and detailed insights in consumer valuation and producer costs of a wide range of cheese attributes.

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