Assessing water supply for the urban poor in Rajshahi City, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-88
Author(s):  
A.S.M. Shuaib ◽  
Md Masud Parves Rana
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Priority Areas ◽  
Institutional Economic ◽  
Slum Dwellers ◽  
Performance Evaluation Method ◽  
Rajshahi City

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a better understanding about sources of water for the urban poor in Rajshahi city, Bangladesh. It evaluates water supply performances to identify priority areas of water supply for further improvement. The paper also illustrates whether location of slums in the city has a connection with water supply facilities or not. Design/methodology/approach The paper presents a case study of water supply for the urban slum dwellers. Based on a questionnaire survey, it evaluates performances of water supply following a holistic framework for assessing dimensions of water supply system among three slum zones of Rajshahi city. The dimensions of water supply are as follows: technical, biophysical, political, institutional, economic and social. Findings The research finds that most of the slum dwellers do not have reliable and sufficient access to water supply. The performance of water supply is location specific, and all of the slums do not have equal access to all dimensions of water supply. Overall performance of water supply is moderate, but individual performances of dimensions are unsatisfactory and unequal among the slums. Practical implications The paper suggests location-specific identification of strengths and weaknesses of water supply for the poor. It consolidates a performance evaluation method for identifying priority areas and needs of the urban poor for making Rajshahi city more inclusive and sustainable. Originality/value The paper provides an assessment of water supply performance for the urban poor in Rajshahi city, Bangladesh.

Lean supply chain performance measurement

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 588-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazi Arif-Uz-Zaman ◽  
A.M.M. Nazmul Ahsan
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Supply Chain Performance ◽  
Competitive Strategies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Performance Evaluation Method ◽  
Lean Supply Chain

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present supply chain metrics and to propose a fuzzy-based performance evaluation method for lean supply chain. Design/methodology/approach – To understand the overall performance of cost competitive supply chain the paper investigates the alignment of market strategy and position of the supply chain. Since lean is applicable in many supply chains, the authors propose a set of metrics to evaluate supply chain performance. Moreover, the paper uses a fuzzy model to evaluate the performance of cost competitive supply chains. Fuzzy is an appropriate model method when uncertainty is present. It also allows modelling of a significant number of performance metrics across multiple supply chain elements and processes. Competitive strategy can be achieved by using a different weight calculation for different supply chain situations. Findings – Research provides optimal metrics for lean supply chains. The proposed method can measure the performance of lean supply chains using a fuzzy approach and competitive strategies. Research limitations/implications – The metrics which have been selected to measure the performance of lean supply chains is particularly applicable for high volume, low-price products. Practical implications – By identifying optimal performance metrics and applying performance evaluation methods, managers can predict the overall supply chain performance under lean strategy. By identifying performance for each metric they can also categorize the existing performance and optimise them accordingly. Originality/value – This study provides a performance evaluation method for supply chain managers to assess the effects of lean tools and competitive strategies.

scholarly journals Development measures for slums of Dhaka city

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-55
Author(s):  
Sanjida Ahmed Sinthia
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Housing Provision ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Slum Dwellers ◽  
The Government

Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh is extremely populated, unhygienic and environmentally degraded city. The growing number of population and environmental degradation are due to natural disaster and economic depression. As a result, the rate of urban poor is and producing huge pressure on urban lands, housing and infrastructure. Due to limited resources these poor people encroached open spaces, wetlands, vacant plots or even footpath for shelter. They don’t have any access to proper job market, healthcare facilities, education and sanitation either. These constraints are mostly resulted from the failures of the government in initiation proper policies and measures. Past policies of slum clearance, modernist apartment projects, housing provision, self-help, sites and services, and in-situ upgrading have not been effective at solving the crisis. This is now prime time to established planning and environmental management policy and sustainable development of the city area. Urban land management, rehabilitation and socio-economic development of the slum dwellers are also very important issues. The key focus of this paper is to find out sustainable development process for urban slum dwellers and build sustainable living place for them which are free from eviction, criminals, rent seekers and other miscreants.

Supplying water to the urban poor

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 608-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Masud Parves Rana ◽  
Awais Piracha
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Community Engagement ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Formal Organizations ◽  
Access To Water

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the processes and complexities of community participation in a water supply project for the urban informal poor in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach This paper reviews the performance of a community-based water governance entitled Dushtha Shasthya Kendra Model. The Model includes the local urban poor community with the formal urban service providers in the process of water supply. Using a case study of Karail slum in Dhaka, the paper affirms the potential of community engagement for successful implementation of water supply project by the formal organizations. Findings The opportunity of community participation by the urban poor helps them to be engaged with the formal organizations. Community engagement not only offers them access to water supply but also ensure formal/legal existence in the city. Despite the fact, the community initiative in the slum faces huge locally situated political and socioeconomic challenges. Addressing these complexities with a proper management may still provide a successful community-based effort for water supply to the urban poor in the slums. Originality/value The paper presents a case study of water supply system for the informal poor. Water scarcity in the slum is a serious problem in Dhaka city, though the formal authorities often forget the issue during policy making and planning. This study certainly offers a better understanding of complexity and potentiality of community-based water governance, which may further ensure community participation as well as equal access to water by the urban poor.

Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) as a reliable option for detecting diabetes among the urban poor population in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 839-841
Author(s):  
Chifa Chiang ◽  
Atsuko Aoyama ◽  
Md Khalequzzaman ◽  
Sohel R. Choudhury ◽  
Debatosh Paul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Poor ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Slum Dwellers ◽  
Feasible Option ◽  
Poor Population

Abstract Our previous epidemiological survey targeting urban slum dwellers in Bangladesh showed that the prevalence of diabetes defined by glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was higher than the national estimation, and higher in women than men. Subsequently, we conducted the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and found that HbA1c values were consistent with the OGTT findings for detecting diabetes. Our findings indicated that HbA1c ≥6.5% was a rational cut-off, but the optimal HbA1c cut-off for this population might be lower than the internationally recommended threshold. Measuring HbA1c would be a reliable and feasible option for detecting diabetes among underprivileged population in developing countries.

The latrine ownership ladder

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 752-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Appiah Obeng ◽  
Bernard Keraita ◽  
Sampson Oduro-Kwarteng ◽  
Henrik Bregnhøj ◽  
Robert C. Abaidoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Slum Dwellers ◽  
Development Goals

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the latrine ownership ladder as a conceptual policy framework to enhance sanitation uptake in low-income peri-urban areas. Design/methodology/approach – The paper draws from literature and a case study in a Ghanaian peri-urban community to highlight the challenges that undermine sanitation uptake in low-income peri-urban areas and the prospects of various levels of facility sharing as conceived in the latrine ownership ladder approach. Findings – The authors argue that the infrastructural and other socio-economic challenges of low-income peri-urban areas prevent some households from acquiring their own latrines. For such households, a more responsive approach to latrine promotion and prevention of open defecation would be the recognition of shared ownership regimes such as co-tenant shared, neighbourhood shared and community shared, in addition to the promotion of household latrines. The paper identifies provision of special concessions for peri-urban areas in policy formulation, education and technical support to households, regulation and enforcement of sanitation by-laws among complimentary policy interventions to make the latrine ownership ladder approach more effective. Originality/value – The paper provides an insight into the debate on redefining improved sanitation in the post-2015 era of the Millennium Development Goals and offers policy alternatives to policy makers in low-income countries seeking to accelerate the uptake of improved latrines among peri-urban and urban slum dwellers.

scholarly journals Performance evaluation for urban water supply services in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 3511-3516
Author(s):  
Shuang Li ◽  
Wei Han
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Water Industry ◽  
Urban Water Supply ◽  
Performance Evaluation Method ◽  
Indicator Evaluation ◽  
Water Supply Services

Abstract Performance evaluation of water supply has become one of the hot issues of continuous concern in the water industry in recent years. Based on advanced international experience and the actual situation of China's water supply operation management, this paper combined quantitative indicator evaluation with the qualitative evaluation of good practices, and established a comprehensive performance evaluation method, which is suitable for China's national conditions. The system carried out a regional demonstration study and achieved good results, which will lay the foundation for the application of performance assessment of water supply in China.

scholarly journals An epidemiological study on diabetes and its determinants among urban slum women of Rajkot city, Gujarat

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Ruchita T. Lunagariya ◽  
Umed V. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parental History ◽  
Slum Dwellers ◽  
Poor Access ◽  
The World

Background: India has the maximum number of diabetic patients in the world and this had given the country the dubious distinction of being the “diabetic capital” of the world. It is evident that the urban poor living in slums and slum like areas adopt a more urbanized lifestyle which places them at a higher risk for non-communicable diseases and have poor access to healthcare, partly related to their poor purchasing ability. Women slum dwellers are particularly vulnerable to negative health outcomes. The study was conducted with objectives to assess prevalence, determine factors and know treatment and control status.Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted among 405 slum women of age 35 years or more in Rajkot city. Interview, anthropometric measurements and selective clinical examinations i.e., blood sugar estimation were done for all participants.Results: In present study, total 64 (15.80%) women were diagnosed with diabetes. A statistically significant association was found between body mass index, remaining busy in household work, walking, practicing healthy habits, parental history, sibling history and diabetes. Out of 64 women who were diagnosed with diabetes, about half i.e., 36 (56.25%) were aware of their diabetic status. Out of those aware, 29 (80.66%) were on treatment. Among those on treatment, about half i.e., 16 (55.17%) had their blood sugar under control.Conclusions: Studied population high prevalence and inadequate control of diabetes. 

scholarly journals STEPPING INTO THE WORLD OF URBANIZATION – CASE STUDIES OF 11 WOMEN IN URBAN SLUMS, DELHI

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-74
Author(s):  
Khwairakpam Sangeeta Devi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Poor ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Slum Dwellers ◽  
The World ◽  
Women And Children

Rise of sectors- factories, roadways' commercialization in cities creating opportunities in workforce. For sectors' development, rather than men, women and children shifted from rural to cities, landed in uncomfortable zones- slums, footpaths, Night-shelters due to cities' high cost of living. They are compelled to become part of slum environment. Government's programs- like Slum Improvement, UWSP, and SEPUP for Urban Poor have been directed to follow services to urban poor on realistic terms and conditions for better. Researcher aims to understand women's position as urban-slum dwellers through concurrent fieldwork exposure during 2014-15,Department of Social Work,DU.A case study was conducted in 5 Delhi's urban slums and objectives are being proposed: 1.To encounter reasons for being in city. 2.To acknowledge mechanisms on how she adjusts to living conditions and social security. 3.To explore awareness and level of women's participation in policy/programs. 4.To assess economic empowerment and contribution to family. 5.To explore perceptions of being slum dwellers. Paper will show slum dwellers' conditions as per data and variations of vulnerability within urban slum-dwellers

Urban poor women: Coping with poverty and ill-health in slums of Delhi

Social Change ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 179-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koushambhi Basu ◽  
Salil Basu
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Dimensional Problem ◽  
Slum Dwellers ◽  
Primary Responsibility ◽  
Poor Women

Urban poverty is a multi-dimensional problem which has been studied from different perspectives by various researchers. An important way of understanding the magnitude of urban poverty is by exploring the conditions of life in urban slums. More important is to understand the problems and needs of slum women who have the primary responsibility of their families. Any improvement in their status will directly benefit the families as a unit. This paper aims to highlight the perceptions, sufferings and felt needs of urban poor women, based essentially on case studies conducted in a slum of Delhi. A few suggestions for betterment in the quality of life of urban slum dwellers have also been given.

scholarly journals Anxiety and Insomnia Among Urban Slum Dwellers in Bangladesh: The Role of COVID-19 and Its Associated Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamrun Nahar Koly ◽  
Mosammat Ivylata Khanam ◽  
Md. Saiful Islam ◽  
Shehrin Shaila Mahmood ◽  
Syed Manzoor Ahmed Hanifi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Slum Dwellers ◽  
Severe Anxiety

Background: Although mental health is an important part of health and wellbeing, very little is known about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of marginalized communities like urban slum dwellers. Our study estimated the prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder and insomnia among the residents of the informal settlements of Dhaka, Bangladesh, during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: A cross-sectional phone-based survey was conducted from October to November 2020 among adult residents of five informal settlements of Dhaka city randomly chosen from an existing Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems (UHDSS) run by icddr,b. Data on Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were collected. A multinomial logistic regression was performed to assess the associated factors of anxiety and insomnia.Results: Of the total 586 participants, the prevalence of mild to severe anxiety and insomnia were 53% and 43%, respectively. As per the multinomial regression analysis, participants with mild anxiety were significantly more likely to be older (>50 years) and afraid of COVID-19 infection. Likewise, participants with moderate/severe anxiety were significantly more likely to share less household facilities (e.g., toilet, kitchen, water) (OR: 2.23; 95% CI: 1.31–3.79), to have difficulties in food availability (OR: 2.76; 95% CI: 1.10–6.93), to be afraid of self (OR: 5.27; 95% CI: 2.82–9.88), and to worry about the family members (OR: 2.26; 95% CI: 1.23–4.17) getting infected. Participants with mild insomnia were significantly more likely to share fewer household facilities and be afraid of being infected with COVID-19 infection. Moreover, participants with moderate/severe insomnia were significantly more likely to be female (OR: 1.90; 95% CI: 1.02–3.56), to receive food aid (OR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.29–0.88), to be afraid of self (OR: 3.85; 95% CI: 1.81–8.19), and to worry about someone like friends or neighbors (OR: 2.45; 95% CI: 1.07–5.58) getting infected with COVID-19.Conclusions: We found elevated prevalence of both anxiety and insomnia among the urban poor of Bangladesh in the context of COVID-19. This indicates the importance of integrating mental health in the mitigation and recovery efforts related to similar crises for the urban poor in the future.

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