Violence in childhood-onset schizophrenia

Violence is elevated in older adolescents and adults with schizophrenia; however, little is known about younger children. This report focuses on rates of violence in younger children with schizophrenic-spectrum illnesses. A retrospective review of structured diagnostic interviews from a case series of 81 children, ages 4-15 years of age, with childhood onset of schizophrenic-spectrum illness is reported. Seventy-two percent of children had a history of violent behavior, including 25 children (31%) with a history of severe violence. Of those with a history of violence, 60% had a least one episode of violence that did not appear to be in response to an external stimulus (internally driven violence). There was no significant impact of age or gender. For many children, these internally driven violent episodes were rare and unpredictable, but severe. Similar to what is found in adolescents and adults, violence is common in children with schizophrenic-spectrum illnesses. General violence prevention strategies combined with early identification and treatment of childhood psychotic illnesses may decrease the morbidity associated with childhood psychotic violence.

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Stimulant Drug Treatment in Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia with Comorbid ADHD: An Open-Label Case Series

Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology ◽

10.1089/cap.2004.14.448 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 448-454 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Julia W. Tossell ◽

Deanna K. Greenstein ◽

Anna L. Davidson ◽

Susan B. Job ◽

Peter Gochman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Treatment ◽

Case Series ◽

Childhood Onset ◽

Open Label ◽

Stimulant Drug ◽

Childhood Onset Schizophrenia ◽

Comorbid Adhd

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Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia: History of the Concept and Recent Studies

Schizophrenia Bulletin ◽

10.1093/schbul/20.4.727 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 727-745 ◽

Cited By ~ 113

Author(s):

H. E. Remschmidt ◽

E. Schulz ◽

M. Martin ◽

A. Warnke ◽

G.-E. Trott

Keyword(s):

Childhood Onset ◽

Childhood Onset Schizophrenia ◽

History Of

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The association between obstetric complications and childhood-onset schizophrenia: a replication study

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291701003944 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 31 (5) ◽

pp. 907-914 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

H. MATSUMOTO ◽

N. TAKEI ◽

F. SAITO ◽

K. KACHI ◽

N. MORI

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Adult Life ◽

Independent Set ◽

Obstetric Complications ◽

Adult Onset ◽

Childhood Onset ◽

Childhood Onset Schizophrenia ◽

History Of ◽

And Gender ◽

Normal Controls

Background. Many previous studies have shown that individuals who develop schizophrenia in adult life are more likely than normal controls to have a history of obstetric complications (OCs) at birth. However, little attention has been paid to the involvement of OCs in the risk of developing childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS). In our earlier report, we found an association between OCs and the development of COS. In this study, we determined whether the association could be replicated in another, independent set of patients with COS.Methods. OCs, birth weight and gestational age were retrospectively assessed in 35 children, aged between 14 and 15 years old (average 15·4 years), who met the DSM-III-R criteria for schizophrenia, and in age- and gender-matched controls (children with anxiety disorders).Results. The COS patients showed significantly greater scores in all of the three measures of OCs according to the Parnas et al. scale compared to controls. Moreover, individuals exposed to OCs were about 3·2 times (odds ratio = 3·22; 95% confidence interval, 1·1–9·8) more likely to develop schizophrenia than those without a history of OCs. The mean birth weight was significantly lower in schizophrenics than in controls (P < 0·05). The frequency of prematurity signs with weight < 2500 g was significantly higher in schizophrenics than in controls (P < 0·05).Conclusion. Repeatedly reported association between OCs and adult-onset schizophrenia have also been demonstrated in patients with COS. This suggests that there may be a continuity between childhood- and adult-onset schizophrenia.

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Adults with possible food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome with crustacean ingestion

Allergy Asthma & Clinical Immunology ◽

10.1186/s13223-020-00497-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Daniel H. Li ◽

Andrew Wong-Pack ◽

Andrea Leilani Macikunas ◽

Harold Kim

Keyword(s):

Time Course ◽

Immunoglobulin E ◽

Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽

Case Series ◽

Retrospective Chart Review ◽

Food Protein ◽

Female Predominance ◽

Adolescents And Adults ◽

History Of ◽

Ige Mediated

Abstract Background Food protein-induced enterocolitis (FPIES), an entity previously thought to only affect children, has been increasingly described in adults. In this study, we report a Canadian cohort of 19 adolescents and adults with recurrent non-immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated gastrointestinal symptoms after crustacean ingestion, consistent with FPIES. Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients in an outpatient allergy clinic from January 2005 to May 2020. Electronic records were searched using keywords for crustaceans and for symptoms consistent with FPIES. We included patients with gastrointestinal symptoms specifically to crustaceans on more than one occasion, who were 14 years or older at the time of index reaction. Exclusion criteria included symptoms suggestive of an IgE-mediated anaphylactic reaction or a likely alternative diagnosis. We identified 19 patients for our cohort who met the criteria. Results Our cohort was 68.4% female (13) and 32.6% (6) male. The average age at first reaction to crustaceans was 34 years old with a range of 14–68 years (median = 28 years; IQR = 32 years). Time from ingestion to beginning of symptoms ranged from 3 min to 6.5 h, with an average of 2.8 h (median = 2 h; IQR = 3.25 h). Duration of reaction ranged from less than a minute to over 48 h, with a mean of 9.4 h (median = 4 h; IQR = 7.75 h). Patients had 4.8 reactions on average; however, number of reactions ranged from 2 to 12.5 (median = 3, IQR = 3). All patients identified a “trigger” food in the crustacean group, and 12 subjects identified additional reactions to other seafood. Conclusions This case series will better characterize and advance our understanding of this disease entity in adults. There are key differences in the presentation of FPIES in adults compared to children, namely female predominance, difference in solid food trigger, and unpredictable time course. Future studies are needed to examine the pathophysiology and natural history of adult FPIES. Specific guidelines should be developed for the diagnosis and management in adults. Trial registration: retrospectively registered.

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Workplace Violence Prevention: Flagging Practices and Challenges in Hospitals

Workplace Health & Safety ◽

10.1177/21650799211016903 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 216507992110169

Author(s):

Era Mae Ferron ◽

Agnieszka Kosny ◽

Sabrina Tonima

Keyword(s):

Focus Group ◽

Violence Prevention ◽

Workplace Violence ◽

Allied Health ◽

Health Workers ◽

Violent Behavior ◽

Health And Safety ◽

Patient Privacy ◽

Frontline Workers ◽

History Of

Background: Flagging is a standardized way to communicate the risk of patient violence to workers. We add to the limited body of research on flagging by describing hospitals’ approaches to and challenges with flagging patients with a history of violent behavior. Methods: We used a qualitative case study approach of hospitals in Ontario, Canada and their patient flagging practices. Key informants and our advisory committee identified 11 hospitals to invite to participate. Hospitals assisted in recruiting frontline clinical and allied health workers and managers to an interview or focus group. A document analysis of hospitals’ flagging policies and related documents was conducted. Thematic analysis was used to analyze interview and focus group data. Findings: Five hospitals participated. Of the five hospitals, four had a flagging policy where frontline clinical workers ( n = 58), frontline allied health workers ( n = 31), and managers ( n = 42) participated in an interview ( n = 43) or focus group ( n = 15). Participants described three challenges: patient stigmatization, patient privacy, and gaps in policy and procedures. Conclusion/Application to practice: Flagging patients with a history of violent behavior is one intervention that hospitals use to keep workers safe. While violence prevention was important to study participants, a number of factors can affect implementation of a flagging policy. Study findings suggest that hospital leadership should mitigate patient stigmatization (real and perceived) and perception of patient rights infringement by educating all managers and frontline workers on the purpose of flagging and the relationship between occupational health and safety and privacy regulations. Leadership should also actively involve frontline workers who are the most knowledgeable about how policies work in practice.

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Personality, Schizophrenia, and Violence: A Longitudinal Study

Journal of Personality Disorders ◽

10.1521/pedi_2017_31_304 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 465-481 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Valentina Candini ◽

Marta Ghisi ◽

Gioia Bottesi ◽

Clarissa Ferrari ◽

Viola Bulgari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Personality Traits ◽

Violent Behavior ◽

Control Group ◽

Treatment Intervention ◽

Axis Ii ◽

History Of ◽

History Of Violence ◽

Dsm Iv ◽

Clinically Significant

The aims of this study were (a) to investigate the presence of clinically significant personality traits and personality disorders (PD) in patients living in residential facilities, with or without a history of violence (69 and 46, respectively); and (b) to investigate any associations between clinically significant personality traits and PDs, aggression, impulsivity, hostility, and violent behavior during a 1-year follow-up. The most frequent primary diagnoses were schizophrenia (58.3%) and PD (20.9%). Those with a history of violence demonstrated more antisocial and alcohol dependence features and lower depressive PD symptoms than the control group. Hostility levels, antisocial symptoms, and drug dependence, as well as a Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II diagnosis of PD, predicted aggressive and violent behavior during follow-up. The study confirms the relevance of assessing PDs both to evaluate the risk of violent behavior and to plan appropriate preventive and treatment intervention.

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Agama, Konflik Sosial dan Kekerasan Politik

FONDATIA ◽

10.36088/fondatia.v2i2.131 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 154-167

Author(s):

Nur Latifah

Keyword(s):

Social Conflict ◽

Violent Behavior ◽

Empty Space ◽

Political Elite ◽

Religious Issues ◽

History Of ◽

Potential Trigger ◽

History Of Violence ◽

Central Level

The emergence of social conflict and violence that uses religion as justification has become a problem that adorns the history of violence today. Social conflicts which are followed by acts of violence that use religious issues in Indonesia, certainly do not occur in empty space and apart from some socio-political phenomena that follow. Putting religion as a variant of the potential trigger of social conflict is not easy. This is so, because religion is considered a teaching that is always associated with teachings that are full of values of peace and safety. The emergence of social conflict in various regions such as, in Ambon, Mataram, Situbondo, Tasikmalaya, Regasdengklok, and other areas, selayang in view can be seen as religious conflict, but when examined more deeply cannot be separated from the role of the political elite, both at the central level and local. Likewise with the violence experienced by Ahmadiyah congregation groups, it is not too difficult to state that the area of religion has been made as a means of legitimacy and legitimacy in carrying out acts of violence. In this regard, religion has been used as a shield for violent behavior, in the interests of a group of people or an elite.

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Psychiatric Patients with a Serious Mental Illness and a Recent History of Violent Behavior: An Exploration of Developmental, Clinical, Cognitive, and Demographic Characteristics

Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews ◽

10.2174/2666082216999200425222601 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 110-118

Author(s):

Jill Del Pozzo ◽

Lindsay Cherneski ◽

Saul J. Beck ◽

Sarah R. Lowe ◽

Steven M. Silverstein

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Psychotic Disorder ◽

Psychotic Disorders ◽

Violent Behavior ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽

Classification Rate ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of ◽

History Of Violence

Background: Epidemiologic studies have shown that persons suffering from psychotic disorders are at increased risk of violent behavior. Several factors have been shown to predict violent behavior among persons with psychosis. However, prior research is limited in that these factors have not been explored simultaneously within the same study. Methods: The current study, therefore, aimed to determine which demographic, clinical, cognitive, and developmental characteristics were associated with an increased likelihood of violence among patients diagnosed with a psychotic disorder and which combination of these best predicted a history of violence. Participants (n=53) completed measures of demographics, violence risk, psychotic and personality symptoms, trauma, psychopathy and cognitive functioning. Results: Bivariate relationships were conducted to compare the history of violent behavior between all variables. Additionally, a binary logistic regression was run predicting participants’ history of violence. Several demographic, cognitive, clinical, and developmental factors were associated with increased odds of having a history of violence. The overall correct classification rate for the model was 92.2%, with 87.5% of participants without a history of violence and 91.4% with a history of violence being correctly classified. The model included antisocial personality traits, poor behavioral controls, head injury, not accepting responsibility, lacking goals, prior supervision failures, and HCR-20 total score. Conclusion: The binary logistic regression model showed good accuracy in predicting a history of violence in persons with psychosis. These findings are consistent with prior research and can inform efforts at risk assessment and identification of treatment targets for people with a psychotic disorder who are at highest risk of violence.

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Psychoactive Medication, Violence, and Variant Alleles for Cytochrome P450 Genes

Journal of Personalized Medicine ◽

10.3390/jpm11050426 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 426

Author(s):

Selma J. M. Eikelenboom-Schieveld ◽

James C. Fogleman

Keyword(s):

Prescription Drugs ◽

Emotional State ◽

Violent Behavior ◽

Prescription Medications ◽

Emotional States ◽

Cytochrome P450 Genes ◽

Psychoactive Medication ◽

History Of ◽

History Of Violence ◽

Variant Alleles

From the start of the use of psychoactive prescription medications in the 1950s, physicians reported paradoxical adverse reactions, ranging from newly developing depressions to an increase in existing mood disorders, and extremely violent and bizarre acts of suicide and homicide. It is hypothesized that interactions between the drugs and the enzymes that are primarily responsible for their metabolism (cytochrome P450s) could cause these reactions. In this research, we evaluate statistical associations between CYP450 variant alleles, psychoactive medication, and acts of violence. Fifty-five persons who showed violent behavior or an altered emotional state were investigated for prescribed medication. Fifty-eight volunteers with no history of violence served as the controls. Genetic testing was performed on CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4. Statistical analysis was applied to gender, age, number of variant alleles, number and kind of medications, and potential drug–drug, drug–gene, and drug–drug–gene interactions. Four risk factors for developing an altered emotional state and/or acts of violence were identified. There is an association between prescription drugs (most notably antidepressants and other psychoactive medication), having variant alleles for CYP450 genes, and altered emotional states or acts of violence.

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