Ukraine-Russia ties will weaken with EU deal

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Free Trade Zone ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
Russian President ◽  
Food Imports ◽  
Vladimir Putin ◽  
The Eu

Subject The EU-Ukraine trade agreement. Significance The delayed EU-Ukraine Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area (DCFTA) will start in January. The accord is set to strengthen ties between the EU and Kyiv. Russian President Vladimir Putin has ordered the ending of a free-trade zone with Ukraine, arguing that the new Kyiv-EU deal will harm Russia's economy. Also, in retaliation for Kyiv's participation in sanctions against Russia, the Kremlin has ordered an embargo against Ukraine food imports into Russia, which could cost Kyiv 300-600 million dollars per year. Impacts Ukraine will continue to reorient itself and sell food and products to other markets, such as Turkey and Israel. An influx of imports from the EU could prove a serious challenge to many local producers and thus should stimulate reforms. Termination of Ukraine trade with annexed Crimea from mid-January will weaken Kyiv-Moscow ties further.

scholarly journals A Solution for Africa

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Collins
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Majority Voting ◽  
Regional Environment ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
The Eu

Regionalism—the efforts of a group of nations to enhance their economic, political, social, and cultural interaction—can assume various forms, including regional integration/cooperation, market integration, development integration, with the intent of accommodating the changing national, international, and regional environment. Despite the fact that to this day, attempts at integration (in particular, market integration based on the EU model) and regionalist impulses as they currently occur have been entirely unproductive throughout the African continent, regionalism continues to be regarded by African leaders as a reasonable strategy for increasing intra-regional trade and for reversing Africa’s rising marginalization in the world economy. They continue to be assured by the success of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the viability of the European Union’s (EU) model for integration, which begins with a free trade area or preferential trade area and ends with complete economic integration. The EU model features a specific mode of decision making (qualified majority voting), conflict resolution mechanism (role of the European Court of Justice), budgetary arrangements (revenue collection and distribution), and citizen involvement (direct elections to the European Parliament) and takes on increasingly state-like functions. While extremely successful in integrating its constituent member state in Europe, as a model it is limited, given the unique circumstances under which it was established and promoted. As noted by Emil Kirchner: Consideration of the EU as a model for other regional integration settings might be limited, given the unique circumstances in which it was established and promoted. Born out of conflict, the EU benefited from special circumstances in its development, e.g. the Cold War, the United States guarantee and nurturing role, and the industrialised nature of the European economies, which are not found elsewhere.

EU-Japan partnership could set new global standards

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Data Movement ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
Global Standards ◽  
Security Operations ◽  
Partnership Agreement

Subject EU-Japan cooperation. Significance Three agreements between the EU and Japan took effect this year after nearly eight years of negotiations. They create the worlds’ largest free trade area and largest area of ‘safe data flows’, and establish a strategic partnership promising increased cooperation in 40 fields. Impacts Japanese automakers and European farmers will be the greatest beneficiaries of the bilateral free trade agreement. The Strategic Partnership Agreement could pave the way for joint Japan-EU security operations. The Data Movement Agreement will facilitate international trade in ‘big data’. The agreements are in part an attempt to counter China’s Belt and Road Initiative.

Does the formation of RTA support the neoclassical growth theory and convergence hypothesis?

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K.M. Nurul Hossain ◽  
Mohammad Abdul Munim Joarder
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Unconditional Convergence ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Eu

Purpose – The authors considered three regional trading agreements (RTAs): European Union (EU-25), ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA), and South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA) to test the hypothesis that poor members within a RTA catch rich members and thereby follow the path of income convergence. Of particular interest is to test whether partial openness (i.e. formation of RTAs) or openness or political conditions are conducive to economic growth among the member countries of RTAs. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The authors used pooled datasets from three different RTAs, namely the EU-25, the AFTA, and the SAFTA. Taking five years average for all variables, starting from 1961 to 1965 and extending to 2001-2005, the authors tested the hypothesis that the growth rate of per capita GDP is negatively related to the initial level of per capita GDP. Constructing a dynamic behavioral equation and forming the reduced form equation, the authors calculated the s-convergence, and both conditional and unconditional convergence. Findings – The authors found that both the EU-25 and the AFTA exhibit s-convergence, and both conditional and unconditional convergence, while the reverse evidence was observed in the case of the SAFTA. However, the speed of convergence of the AFTA was found to be much higher than that of the EU-25. Originality/value – Formation of RTA by countries should be considered as an essential condition to achieve sustained economic growth. In addition, political rights, trade openness, and more importantly benevolence of the member countries within the RTA must be shown to sustain economic growth and convergence; otherwise with the passage of time, divergence among the RTA members will be evident.

Protectionist drive may complicate African free trade

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
West African ◽  
Secretary General ◽  
African Union ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
External Threats ◽  
The Eu

Subject West African protectionism. Significance The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), an African Union (AU) initiative to create a single market for goods and services throughout the continent, will start trading on July 1. In anticipation, the EU has declared its intention to establish a bicontinental ‘Eurafrican’ free trade area, building upon the AfCFTA. However, the nascent framework faces distinct internal and external threats. Impacts The secretary-general post is a considerable boost for South Africa given the postholder’s role in implementing AfCFTA’s liberalisation. Ghana’s main parties will try to outbid each other for farming support, with resulting protectionist promises, before this year's polls. Intra-African tensions will be heightened by perceived AfCFTA breaches, such as Nigeria’s border closure.

scholarly journals UKRAINE’S FOREIGN TRADE WITH THE EU: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES

2019 ◽  
pp. 338-350
Author(s):  
Halyna ARTAMONOVA
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
Current State ◽  
European Markets ◽  
The Eu

The article casts light onto the current state of foreign trade between Ukraine and the EU in the conditions of a free trade area. Having analyzed the structure of merchandise exports and imports, the author reveals major challenges that arise as current tendencies persist into the future. Special attention is paid to seizing the opportunities provided by the EU-Ukraine Free Trade Agreement for realization of export potential of the agricultural sector on the markets of these countries. The author suggests ways to create conditions for diversification of merchandise exports, facilitation of access to European markets for the exporters of finished agricultural goods, as well as taking measures for constraining the inflows of non-critical merchandise imports, in particular pharmaceutical products.

EU-Japan trade deal gives free trade a timely boost

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Framework Agreement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
Economic Partnership Agreement ◽  
Economic Partnership ◽  
Partnership Agreement ◽  
High Standards ◽  
The Eu

Subject The EU-Japan economic partnership agreement Significance The EU and Japan, which together account for 30% of global GDP, have reached a framework agreement on an economic partnership agreement (EPA), paving the way for the creation of the world's largest free trade area. The EPA involves high standards of trade liberalisation, comparable to the Trans-Pacific Partnership. Impacts Japan will expand its traditional exports (autos and electronics), but also new 'star' products such as sake and green tea. The EU will benefit most from opportunities to export more agricultural goods, processed food and beverages. European auto and electronics makers and Japanese producers of food and agricultural products will face greater competitive pressure. The EPA will boost household consumption in both economies. EU-Japan cooperation on standard-setting may create challenges for developing countries in particular.

African free trade area faces challenges from within

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Implementation Challenges ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
The Eu

Significance However, coordination and implementation challenges still weigh on its prospects. Impacts The AfCFTA is projected to increase continental GDP by 0.97%. Employment should increase by 1.17%, but regional distribution will be sufficiently uneven that some countries will face downturns. The AfCFTA could increase Africa’s bargaining power with the EU in post-Cotonou negotiations.

Recent Developments in the Regulation of Investor-State Dispute Resolution: Any Lessons for the Southern African Development Community?

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 180-204
Author(s):  
Lawrence Ngobeni ◽  
Babatunde Fagbayibo
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Southern African Development Community ◽  
African Union ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
African Development ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
Recent Developments

Abstract In 2016, the Southern African Development Community (SADC) amended Annex 1 of the SADC Protocol on Finance and Investment (FIP) in order to remove investor access to international arbitration or Investor-State Dispute Resolution (ISDS). The recent formation of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) and the COMESA-EAC-SADC Tripartite Free Trade Agreement (T-FTA) are factors that will likely curtail SADC’s ability to regulate foreign investments. Both AfCFTA and T-FTA are supposed to have their own investment protocols. This means that SADC faces the loss of regulatory authority over foreign investments. The recent formation of the Pan African Investment Code (PAIC) has shown that some African Union (AU) Member States want to provide ISDS for their investors, while others including SADC Members States do not. This article intends to evaluate the lessons SADC can learn from other jurisdictions in terms of the effective regulation of ISDS.

Overall Planning of Shanghai New Trade Zone from an Ecological Economic Perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Wence Yu ◽  
Hao Chen ◽  
LiQiang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Free Trade Zone ◽  
System Structure ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Free Trade Areas ◽  
Ecological Economic ◽  
Trade Area

Since the reform and opening up, the economy of China has rapidly developed. The system, structure, mode, and pattern of the foreign trade in China must be adjusted accordingly to adapt to new economic normality. In this study, the main types of free trade areas worldwide were analyzed, and the necessary conditions for their successful development were examined on the basis of an ecological economic perspective. The Shanghai free trade area is a typical representative of a new type of Trade Zone in China. It introduces the principles of sustainable development, people oriented, green, low-carbon and other eco free trade zones. The planning characteristics of Shanghai free trade zone were studied from the point of view of planning economy and land use. Taking Shanghai Yangshan land free trade zone as an example, the planning research was carried out in terms of functional zoning, environment, transportation and facilities. In summary, this study provided theoretical and technical references for the construction of free trade areas and for the formulation of significant policies.

China-United Kingdom free trade area

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-126
Author(s):  
Shumei Chen ◽  
Dandan Li
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Trade Analysis

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to predict the likely economic effects of a free trade area (FTA) on both China and the United Kingdom (hereafter the UK). Design/methodology/approach Following literature review and trade relationship briefing, this paper uses the Global Trade Analysis Project simulation to predict the economic effects of such a FTA on both China and the UK. Findings The simulation results indicate that a China-UK free trade area (hereafter CUFTA) will bring more benefits than harm to both China and the UK, and achieving zero tariff or reducing technological barriers to trade (TBT) is mutually beneficial for both China and the UK, with the growth in GDP, economic welfare as well as import and export. Combining zero tariff and the reduction of TBT in exceptional departments is the most favorable way to improve the macroeconomic effects without bringing damaging effects on the comparative disadvantage industries such as transport equipment, chemicals industries for China and textiles and apparel industry for the UK. Originality/value After the UK voted to leave the European Union, CUFTA is put on the agenda by both the governments, yet there are fewer studies on CUFTA, with this paper being one of the early trials. Besides, based on the simulation results, some policy suggestions will be put forward for future negotiations and industrial policies’ adjustment.

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