Apathy will weaken Central African bloc's rescue plan

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Equatorial Guinea ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
Security Risks ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Parliamentary Elections ◽  
Full Compliance ◽  
Member Commitment ◽  
Debt Default ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
The Republic

Subject Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC) fiscal and monetary pressures Significance Individual member commitment to a CEMAC recovery and reforms programme agreed in December is uneven, with only Gabon and Cameroon signing up to new IMF programmes so far. Equatorial Guinea and the Republic of the Congo -- the two most severely hit countries -- are still locked in protracted negotiations with the Fund, the latter because of its current debt default dilemma. This could prolong pressure on the beleaguered CFA franc (CFAF), which is facing renewed regional and international calls for abolition. Impacts Forthcoming parliamentary elections in Gabon in April could temporarily stall reforms under its Fund arrangement. Upgrades to Congo's credit ratings are unlikely before a court ruling on disputed arrears. Significant security risks in half the region -- particularly Cameroon, CAR and Chad -- could sideline reforms even with full compliance.

New Cyprus parliament will be tougher to deal with

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Parliamentary Elections ◽  
Presidential System ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Republic Of Cyprus ◽  
Parliamentary Support

Subject The May 22 parliamentary elections. Significance The elections had the lowest turnout in the history of the Republic of Cyprus and brought about significant changes in the composition of the chamber. They were conducted amid a climate of fragile economic recovery and talks with the Turkish Cypriots on reunification. The outcome was a weakening of parliamentary support for the talks and a louder voice for nationalist, anti-austerity and anti-reform views. Impacts The government that is in place will not be affected because Cyprus has a presidential system. However, the lack of a parliamentary majority could hinder the Cypriot economy's fragile recovery. Resolving the division of Cyprus problem would be a significant positive boost for the very insecure Eastern Mediterranean.

Era of uniform African debt restructuring at an end

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Levels ◽  
Debt Restructuring ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Club Membership ◽  
The Face ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Paris Club ◽  
Governance Reforms

Subject African debt restructuring. Significance With debt burdens approaching or already at critical levels in many countries -- and with greater diversity in the makeup of African creditors -- attention is turning towards the risks for orderly debt resolution in the event of new crises. The lengthy and acrimonious restructuring proceedings in Mozambique and the Republic of the Congo are already deterring other countries from entering restructuring agreements, even in the face of severe budgetary constraints. Impacts Removing plans to pay Mozambican bondholders a portion of LNG revenues would dampen some public criticism over repaying contested debts. IMF deals in crisis states now require heavy governance reforms, but these are unlikely to stick given the poor durability of Fund reforms. China’s long-mooted Paris Club membership could increase compliance with restructuring terms and unlock more debt relief.

scholarly journals Revision of Eulophia (Orchidaceae) in Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the Republic of the Congo

2020 ◽  
Vol 153 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-426
Author(s):  
Emma Ortúñez ◽  
Roberto Gamarra ◽  
Sara Gestal ◽  
Álvaro Hernando ◽  
Pablo Galán Cela
Keyword(s):  
Species Recognition ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Equatorial Guinea ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Doubtful Species ◽  
Standard Practices

Background and aims – The genus Eulophia (Orchidaceae) is revised for Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the Republic of the Congo. The aims are: to present a morphological characterization of the main vegetative and reproductive features of Eulophia to clarify the delimitation of the taxa within the genus in the studied countries; to provide an updated identification key and an updated checklist of the genus with nomenclatural data, distribution maps, ecological information, and preliminary conservation status. This revision may serve as a basis for future studies of the genus in other regions of Africa.Material and methods – Relevant material kept in BM, BR, FHI, HBG, K, MA, P, and WAG was examined, using standard practices of herbarium taxonomy. Vegetative and reproductive structures were analysed. MapMaker was used to produce the distribution maps.Key results – A total of 24 species are recognised in the study area. The variability of perennating organs, leaves, sepals and petals, lip (including ornamentation), spur, and anther cap are described and depicted, and were found to be informative for species recognition. A taxonomic treatment is given with an identification key, synonymy, distribution maps, preliminary conservation status, and specimen citations. Eulophia galeoloides is neotypified, E. brevipetala, E. leonensis, E. penduliflora, and Lissochilus elatus are lectotypified. According to our study, we consider E. parvula a synonym of E. pyrophila. E. sordida is considered as a doubtful species in the study area.

Constitutional Incorporation of the (Collective) Freedom to Govern Mineral Wealth: Comparing the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Zambia

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Alexandra Carleton
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Mineral Wealth ◽  
The People ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
The Republic

Constitutionalism may be gaining ascendancy in many countries in Africa. Yet thorough investigation of the extent to which current constitutions accord to the people their internationally recognised right to governance of their mineral wealth under Article 1(2) of the ICCPR has been lacking. Understanding the existing framework of rights which may support claims to land and natural resources is important. Constitutions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Zambia demonstrate the reality of multiple, overlapping land interests and the limitations upon a people's claim to freely govern their mineral wealth.

Conflicts in Biafra, Katanga and Cabinda as a result of the geopolitical legacy of colonialism

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-3) ◽  
pp. 238-246
Author(s):  
Olga Dzhenchakova
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Economic Factor ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

The article considers the impact of the colonial past of some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and its effect on their development during the post-colonial period. The negative consequences of the geopolitical legacy of colonialism are shown on the example of three countries: Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Angola, expressed in the emergence of conflicts in these countries based on ethno-cultural, religious and socio-economic contradictions. At the same time, the focus is made on the economic factor and the consequences of the consumer policy of the former metropolises pursuing their mercantile interests were mixed.

The practice of envelope journalism in the Republic of the Congo

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-126
Author(s):  
Cleves Nkie Mongo
Keyword(s):  
Journalism Ethics ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
Financial Difficulties ◽  
News Organizations ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Congo Brazzaville ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Insight Into

This article provides insight into the “brown envelope journalism” in the Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville). Through in-depth interviews with journalists from four major Congolese news outlets, this research reveals how financial difficulties result in reporters justifying their violations of journalism ethics and standards. While two news outlets accept bribes to compensate for their precarious financial situation, two other news organizations pretend that they oppose envelope journalism although this research shows that their reporters also secretly accept bribes.

Asset recovery in corruption cases

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Leasure
Keyword(s):  
Vice President ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Case Study Analysis ◽  
Asset Recovery ◽  
The Us ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Republic

Purpose – Asset recovery proceedings increasingly target corrupt foreign officials who acquire lavish assets as a result of capital gained through criminal acts. One extremely difficult issue arising in asset recovery proceedings is whether the capital used to acquire the assets can be traced to a criminal act. The purpose of this paper is to critique US tracing procedure through comparative analysis. Design/methodology/approach – A prominent series of cases brought by the USA and France against assets owned by Teodoro “Teodorín” Nguema Obiang, second Vice President of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea, produced mixed results on the tracing element. This paper utilizes a qualitative comparative case analysis to examine the US and French cases. Findings – The US results reflect serious weaknesses in the US law as compared to more effective French asset recovery procedure. Originality/value – Though this paper is certainly a comparative case study analysis, nearly identical facts and two different jurisdictions reaching separate conclusions bring us in the legal community as close as we can realistically come to quasi-experimental research. Comparative research in this area is severely lacking and sorely needed. The mechanisms identified in the French system clearly show flaws that are present in the US system.

Portugal: 19 July 1987

1987 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Party System ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
Parliamentary Elections ◽  
Universal Suffrage ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Economic Regime

THE PORTUGUESE PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS OF 19 JULY 1987 initiated a profound change in the Portuguese party system and in the system of government. From 1974 onwards, Portugal had moved peacefully towards a democratic political system, enshrined in the 1976 Constitution. This evolution lasted about eight years and culminated in the revision of the Constitution in 1982. From 1982 onwards the present political regime has been a democratic one, coexisting with a capitalist economic regime attenuated by state monopoly in key sectors and by public companies which were nationalized between 1974 and 1976. It is also since 1982 that the system of government has been semi-presidential. There is pure representativeness as referendums do not exist at national level and have never been regulated at local level. But the government is semi-presidential in the sense that, owing to French influence, it attempts to balance Parliament with the election of the President of the Republic by direct and universal suffrage.

Sequences of Previously Unknown Rhabdoviruses Detected in Bat Samples from the Republic of the Congo

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth N. Cameron ◽  
Fabien R. Niama ◽  
Ben Hayes ◽  
Placide Mbala ◽  
Sarah H. Olson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
The Republic
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