Under-employment to drive the West's wages and policy

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blue Collar ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Job Market ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Part Time Work

Subject The impact of working less hours on policy. Significance Part-time work is increasing across the advanced economies, including those working part time but wanting full-time work. Initially this seemed to be a distinctly Japanese problem, but it is now being recognised as a more widespread source of stagnant wages, blue-collar despair and populist politics. Impacts Weak demand since 2008 has allowed more firms to offer fewer hours to desperate job seekers, giving the under-employment trend momentum. Japan has changed its labour laws and broken down norms attached to the content of a job since the 1990s; other countries will follow. Convenience and lower wages drive firms to include under-employed workers in their workforce; only a tighter job market will end this.

In the beginning …

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 222-226
Author(s):  
Stephanie Walker
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Job Market ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Appropriate Behavior ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Part Time Work

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a first installment of a new column on human resource matters in libraries. It aims to focus on the beginning of a professional career in libraries.Design/methodology/approachThe paper looks at beginning a professional career in libraries, including exhibiting appropriate behavior and caution on professional discussion lists, understanding the realities of a difficult job market and utilizing opportunities for part‐time work and for professional development, highlighting exceptional attributes on a résumé, and doing research on hiring institutions.FindingsThe paper reveals advice for beginning a career in libraries.Originality/valueThe paper provides useful information for those who want to pursue a career as a librarian.

scholarly journals Understanding self-efficacy and the dynamics of part-time work and career aspiration

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 468-484
Author(s):  
Gbolahan Gbadamosi ◽  
Carl Evans ◽  
Mark Richardson ◽  
Yos Chanthana
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Curriculum Design ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Career Aspirations ◽  
East Asian Country ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Part Time Work

PurposeBuilding on the self-efficacy theory and self-theories, the purpose of this paper is to investigate students working part-time whilst pursuing full-time higher education in Cambodia. It explores individuals’ part-time working activities, career aspirations and self-efficacy.Design/methodology/approachData were collected in a cross-sectional survey of 850 business and social sciences degree students, with 199 (23.4 per cent) usable responses, of which 129 (65.2 per cent of the sample) indicated they currently have a job.FindingsMultiple regression analysis confirmed part-time work as a significant predictor of self-efficacy. There was a positive recognition of the value of part-time work, particularly in informing career aspirations. Female students were significantly more positive about part-time work, demonstrating significantly higher career aspirations than males. Results also suggest that students recognise the value that work experience hold in identifying future career directions and securing the first graduate position.Practical implicationsThere are potential implications for approaches to curriculum design and learning, teaching and assessment for universities. There are also clear opportunities to integrate work-based and work-related learning experience into the curriculum and facilitate greater collaboration between higher education institutions and employers in Cambodia.Social implicationsThere are implications for recruitment practices amongst organisations seeking to maximise the benefits derived from an increasingly highly educated workforce, including skills acquisition and development, and self-efficacy.Originality/valueIt investigates the importance of income derived from part-time working to full-time university students in a developing South-East Asian country (Cambodia), where poverty levels and the need to contribute to family income potentially predominate the decision to work while studying.

Does Health Reform Lead to an Increase in Early Retirement? Evidence from Massachusetts

ILR Review ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 704-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley T. Heim ◽  
LeeKai Lin
Keyword(s):  
Health Reform ◽  
Early Retirement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Part Time Work

This article estimates the impact of the 2006 Massachusetts health reform on the decision of individuals to retire early. Using data from the American Community Survey that spans 2004 through 2012, the authors estimate difference-in-differences models for retirement using individuals from other northeastern states as the control group. The estimates suggest that the reform led women to increase early retirement from full-time work by 1.1 percentage points (from a base of 4.8%) and to increase part-time work by 1.1 percentage points (from a base of 30%). Though no significant effects were found for men overall, the estimates imply that the reform led to an increase in retirement and part-time work among lower-income men.

scholarly journals Negotiation Issues for Part-Time Workers : The Impact of Occupation

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isik Urla Zeytinoglu
Keyword(s):  
Full Time ◽  
Collective Agreements ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Negotiation Issue ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Part Time Work

Focusing on 117 union locals that had collective agreements for part-time and full-time workers in Ontario, this study showed that negotiation issues varied for part-time workers depending on their occupation. Those in non-professional occupations wanted to limit the number or percentage of part-time work in their bargaining units, while for professionals this was an unimportant negotiation issue. Negotiating the same wages and benefits for part-time and full-time workers, and equality in filling full-time vacancies, were similarly important for both groups of workers.

scholarly journals What Are the Benefits of Having More Female Leaders? Evidence from the Use of Part-Time Work in Italy

ILR Review ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 897-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Devicienti ◽  
Elena Grinza ◽  
Alessandro Manello ◽  
Davide Vannoni
Keyword(s):  
Firm Heterogeneity ◽  
Business Leaders ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Female Leaders ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Female Managers ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Part Time Work

Using three waves of a representative survey of Italian private firms, the authors explore the impact of female managers on a firm’s use of part-time work. Building on a literature that suggests female leaders display relatively more altruistic values compared to their male counterparts, the authors assess whether these differences manifest themselves in relation to working time arrangements offered by firms. Results, robust to controls for several time-varying firm-level characteristics and unobserved fixed firm heterogeneity, indicate that female managers are significantly more likely to limit the employment of involuntary part-time workers and correspondingly make greater use of full-time employees. Female managers also are more prone to grant part-time arrangements to employees who request them. Results also suggest that increasing the number of female business leaders may mitigate the problem of underemployment among involuntary part-time workers and contribute to the work–life balance of workers with child care or elder care activities.

The Politics of Part-Time Work: Gender, Employment Status, and Preferences for Redistribution

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-38
Author(s):  
David S. Pedulla ◽  
Michael J. Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Employment Status ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Preferences For Redistribution ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Part Time Work

Abstract The social and economic forces that shape attitudes toward the welfare state are of central concern to social scientists. Scholarship in this area has paid limited attention to how working part-time, the employment status of nearly 20% of the U.S. workforce, affects redistribution preferences. In this article, we theoretically develop and empirically test an argument about the ways that part-time work, and its relationship to gender, shape redistribution preferences. We articulate two gender-differentiated pathways—one material and one about threats to social status—through which part-time work and gender may jointly shape individuals’ preferences for redistribution. We test our argument using cross-sectional and panel data from the General Social Survey in the United States. We find that the positive relationship between part-time employment, compared to full-time employment, and redistribution preferences is stronger for men than for women. Indeed, we do not detect a relationship between part-time work and redistribution preferences among women. Our results provide support for a gendered relationship between part-time employment and redistribution preferences and demonstrate that both material and status-based mechanisms shape this association.

The Effects of Part-Time Work on Women's Occupational Mobility in Britain: Evidence from the 1958 Birth Cohort Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. R20-R37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley Dex ◽  
Erzsébet Bukodi
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Occupational Mobility ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Downward Mobility ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Part Time Work

The effects of working part time on job downgrading and upgrading are examined over the life course of British women born in 1958. We use longitudinal data with complete work histories from a large-scale nationally representative cohort study. Occupations were ranked by their hourly average earnings. Analyses show a strong link between full-time/part-time transitions and downward and upward occupational mobility over the course of up to thirty years of employment. Probabilities of occupational mobility were affected by women's personal traits, occupational characteristics and demand-side factors. Downward mobility on moving from full-time to part-time work was more likely for women at the top levels of the occupational hierarchy working in male-dominated or mixed occupations and less likely in higher occupations with more part-time jobs available.

scholarly journals Gender Roles and Employment Pathways of Older Women and Men in England

SAGE Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824401774269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariska van der Horst ◽  
David Lain ◽  
Sarah Vickerstaff ◽  
Charlotte Clark ◽  
Ben Baumberg Geiger
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male Breadwinner ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Part Time Work

In the context of population aging, the U.K. government is encouraging people to work longer and delay retirement, and it is claimed that many people now make “gradual” transitions from full-time to part-time work to retirement. Part-time employment in older age may, however, be largely due to women working part-time before older age, as per a U.K. “modified male breadwinner” model. This article therefore separately examines the extent to which men and women make transitions into part-time work in older age, and whether such transitions are influenced by marital status. Following older men and women over a 10-year period using the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, this article presents sequence, cluster, and multinomial logistic regression analyses. Little evidence is found for people moving into part-time work in older age. Typically, women did not work at all or they worked part-time (with some remaining in part-time work and some retiring/exiting from this activity). Consistent with a “modified male breadwinner” logic, marriage was positively related to the likelihood of women belonging to typically “female employment pathway clusters,” which mostly consist of part-time work or not being employed. Men were mostly working full-time regardless of marital status. Attempts to extend working lives among older women are therefore likely to be complicated by the influence of traditional gender roles on employment.

The influence of part-time work on graduates' careers

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Evans ◽  
Ceri Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
Career Aspirations ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Small Element ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Personal Skills ◽  
Part Time Work

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore university students' perceptions about career development in relation to their part-time working and to examine whether students maximise opportunities arising in their part-time job in order to enhance their personal profile and career aspirations.Design/methodology/approachSemi-structured interviews were held with 20 degree students at a UK university. The interview was based around 19 questions, split into three sections: general; career and the part-time job.FindingsThe findings indicate that while students are aware that part-time work helps in developing personal skills, there is a lack of awareness on how part-time work can provide differentiation in the graduate jobs market and support long-term graduate careers. The conclusion discusses the implications of the findings suggesting greater awareness among students of how part-time work can drive work readiness and long-term career aspirations. It also recommends greater involvement of career advisors and university teaching colleagues in supporting this endeavour.Originality/valueWhile other papers on student working have included a small element regarding careers, this paper offers originality by focussing solely on the relationship between students' part-time work and career aspirations. Moreover, most works in this area have been quantitative studies, whereas this study is qualitatively-based.

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