Leading others to go beyond the call of duty

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 620-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sen Sendjaya ◽  
Nathan Eva ◽  
Mulyadi Robin ◽  
Lyfie Sugianto ◽  
Ivan ButarButar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Servant Leadership ◽  
Learning Theory ◽  
Social Learning Theory ◽  
Ethical Climate ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Servant Leaders ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Interest in servant leadership has grown exponentially over the past decade as evident in the surge of academic- and practitioner-oriented publications on the subject. While prior research has shown that servant leadership leads to citizenship behavior, no study has explored the ethical pathway as the underlying influence process despite the fact that servant leadership is an ethical approach to leadership. On the basis of social learning theory, the purpose of this paper is to examine psychological ethical climate as a key mediator between servant leadership and citizenship behavior. Design/methodology/approach Survey data were collected from 123 leader–follower dyads from eight high-performing firms listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange, and analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Findings The results showed that the relationship between servant leadership and organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) (both for OCBI and OCBO) is mediated by psychological ethical climate. Practical implications This study demonstrates the value of using a servant leadership approach in order to foster a psychological ethical climate and increase OCBs. As such, the authors highlight the importance of a systematic approach to develop servant leaders in organizations. Originality/value This research contributes to the understanding of the ethical mechanism that explains the relationship between servant leadership and follower outcomes. Drawing on social learning theory, the findings show that servant leaders are ethical climate architects through their role modeling behaviors and interactions with followers.

The Relevance of the Dual Systems Model for Social Learning Theory: Testing for Moderation Effects

2021 ◽  
pp. 009385482110179
Author(s):  
Thomas Wojciechowski
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Learning Theory ◽  
Social Learning Theory ◽  
Impulse Control ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Dual Systems ◽  
Moderation Effect ◽  
Systems Model ◽  
Peer Association ◽  
The Relationship

Social learning theory is one of the most prominent criminological theories of the 20th century. The dual systems model represents an emerging framework in recent years, which may help to better understand how social learning processes are influenced by sensation-seeking and impulse control. This study utilized data from all waves of the Pathways to Desistance study. A series of mixed-effects models were utilized to test for moderating effects of these constructs on offending outcomes. Impulse control moderated the relationship between deviant peer association and offending frequency, indicating that high levels of both constructs predicted increased offending frequency. Sensation-seeking moderated the relationship between deviant peer association and odds of offending, indicating that high levels of both constructs were associated with greater odds of offending although this moderation effect was only marginally significant.

A Social Learning Perspective on the Trickle-Down of Psychological Empowerment from Supervisor to Subordinate

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Lisa S. Grützmacher ◽  
Carsten C. Schermuly
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Learning Theory ◽  
Social Learning Theory ◽  
Psychological Empowerment ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Trickle Down

Abstract. Because of its relevance for organizations and their employees, psychological empowerment (PE) has received a great deal of attention in research and practice. Supervisors play an important role in the promotion of subordinates’ PE. In the present article, and on the basis of social learning theory, we examine how the supervisor’s perceived and self-reported PE influence the subordinate’s PE. The results of two multi-wave studies involving more than 1,000 participants suggest that the supervisor’s perceived PE can predict the subordinate’s PE. The supervisor’s self-reported PE did not affect the subordinate’s PE: PE does not seem to trickle down from supervisor to subordinate. The relationship between the supervisor’s perceived PE and the subordinate’s PE was stronger when trust in the supervisor was higher. Supervisors who want to promote subordinates’ PE through modeling should therefore ensure that they are perceived as psychologically empowered and invest in relationships of trust with their subordinates.

ADHD symptoms and entrepreneurial intention among Vietnamese college students: an empirical study

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Doanh Duong ◽  
Thi Loan Le
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Social Learning ◽  
Learning Theory ◽  
Social Learning Theory ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Perceived Desirability

Purpose This study aims to develop a conceptual framework that integrated insights from Shapero and Sokol (1982)’s model of entrepreneurial event, Bandura (1977)’s social learning theory and clinical psychology to empirically test and discover the underlying mechanism of how attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) symptoms can influence student entrepreneurial intention. Design/methodology/approach The study uses structural equation modeling with a sample of 2,218 students from 14 universities in Vietnam. Findings The research reveals that although ADHD symptoms are not found to have the direct role in shaping student perceived feasibility entrepreneurial intention, these psychiatric symptoms have more influences and significances in the growth of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and perceived desirability. Also, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and perceived desirability are found to be full mediators in ADHD symptoms and entrepreneurial intention linkage. Besides, both perceived desirability and perceived feasibility partially mediate the entrepreneurial self-efficacy effect on entrepreneurial intention. Practical implications The findings provide policymakers and universities with important insights into how to nurture intention to become entrepreneurs among college students, especially those individuals. Originality/value The present study offers a new insight about the linkage between ADHD symptoms and entrepreneurial intention. Also, the model of entrepreneurial event and the social learning theory are shown to be unifying theoretical construct of the relationship between psychiatric symptoms and entrepreneurial intention among Vietnamese students.

scholarly journals Theoretical approaches to elder abuse: a systematic review of the empirical evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
João Filipe Fundinho ◽  
Diana Cunha Pereira ◽  
José Ferreira-Alves
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Social Learning ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Learning Theory ◽  
Social Learning Theory ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Theoretical Approaches

Purpose The study of theoretical models explaining elder abuse has been one of the main gaps in the literature of the field. The extent of support of each theory is not clear. This study aims to conduct a systematic review to examine research supporting or opposing six theories of elder abuse: caregiver stress theory, social exchange theory, social learning theory, bidirectional theory, dyadic discord theory and the psychopathology of the caregiver. Design/methodology/approach This study conducts a systematic review of the literature. Seven databases were searched six times using different keywords about each theory. Findings This paper finds 26,229 references and then organised and analysed these references using pre-established criteria. In total, 89 papers were selected, which contained 117 results of interest; these papers were summarised and assessed for conceptual, methodological and evidence quality. The results showed evidence in favour of all the explored theories, except for social learning theory, whose results indicate multiple interpretations of the theory. This study finishes this paper by proposing that each of these theories might explain different facets of elder abuse and that more research is necessary to understand how the predictions of these different theories interact. Originality/value This paper presents an extensive review of the literature on theoretical explanations of elder abuse. The findings can be of value for selecting theories for prevention programmes or providing a summary of the evidence for researchers and practitioners interested in the theoretical explanation of elder abuse.

Responsible leadership, affective commitment and intention to quit: an individual level analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amlan Haque ◽  
Mario Fernando ◽  
Peter Caputi
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Learning Theory ◽  
Social Learning Theory ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Affective Commitment ◽  
Intention To Quit ◽  
Responsible Leadership ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Content Type

PurposeDrawing on social learning theory, the purpose of this paper is to explore the mediational effect of affective commitment on the relationship between responsible leadership and intention to quit.Design/methodology/approachThis study applied a two-step process of the structural equation modelling technique to test the proposed hypothesised model. A web-based survey was administered to collect data targeting a sample of 200 full-time Australian employees.FindingsThe results suggest that responsible leadership significantly influences employees’ affective commitment and their intention to quit. As predicted, both responsible leadership and affective commitment negatively influenced intention to quit. Notably, the direct influence of responsible leadership on intention to quit was found to be partially mediated by employees’ affective commitment.Practical implicationsThis study shows how leaders can expect to reduce employees’ intention to quit by leading responsibly through valuing employees’ affective commitment.Originality/valueThis study makes a unique contribution to responsible leadership literature by linking it with social learning theory. Moreover, there are only a handful of studies examining responsible leadership and its influence on employees’ behavioural outcomes. This study extends the limited understanding of responsible leadership and its relationship with affective commitment and intention to quit.

Motivating language as a mediator between servant leadership and employee outcomes

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1234-1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Gutierrez-Wirsching ◽  
Jacqueline Mayfield ◽  
Milton Mayfield ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Servant Leadership ◽  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Servant Leaders ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Motivating Language

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose motivating language as a mediator to increase the positive effects of servant leadership on subordinates’ outcomes. The authors propose that motivating language acts as a mediator to transmit servant leadership traits and enhances the positive impact that servant leadership verbal behavior has on employees’ performance. Design/methodology/approach – By developing a conceptual model, the authors propose a connection between servant leadership and motivating language. Findings – In the proposed model, motivating language acts as a full and a partial mediator. The authors further categorize three distinct outcome sets that should be improved from this relationship. The first set includes improved worker performance, job satisfaction, absenteeism and worker innovation. The second set is composed of self-efficacy, organizational citizenship behavior and employee commitment. Finally, the third set includes trust, satisfaction with the leader and inspiration to become servant leaders. Research limitations/implications – Empirical research needs to be conducted to test this model. Practical implications – The positive effects of servant leadership through the use of motivating language could be operationalized in multiple ways. First, potential servant leaders could take the well-established, reliable and valid motivating language scale to diagnostically identify their leader-member communication strengths and weaknesses. Then, tailored motivating language trainings could be implemented which target motivating language weaknesses and key strategic outcomes in the proposed model. Furthermore, motivating language training would be a valuable instrument for transmission of a servant leadership culture. Social implications – Servant leadership style responds to the demand for positive ethical behavior that is much needed during these times when emphasis is given to profitability and lack of concern for people is the norm rather than the exception. It is also synchronized with the current benefits of organizational citizenship behaviors that have recently emerged in the field of managerial research. Originality/value – This paper aims at addressing a gap in the literature by developing a model of how leader strategic language, namely, motivating language, mediates between servant leadership and worker outcomes.

Servant leadership and mistreatment at the workplace: mediation of trust and moderation of ethical climate

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inam Ul Haq ◽  
Usman Raja ◽  
Imtiaz Alam ◽  
Dirk De Clercq ◽  
Sharjeel Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Servant Leadership ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Ethical Climate ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Workplace Mistreatment ◽  
Time Lagged ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeWith a foundation in social exchange theory, this study examines the relationship between servant leadership and three types of workplace mistreatment – bullying, incivility and ostracism – while also considering a mediating role of trust in the leader and a moderating role of the ethical climate.Design/methodology/approachThree time-lagged sets of data (N = 431) were collected among employees working in various sectors.FindingsServant leadership relates significantly to trust in the leader, as well as to workplace bullying, incivility and ostracism. In turn, trust in the leader mediates the relationship between servant leadership and all three types of workplace mistreatment. The results also indicate the presence of moderated mediation, in that the indirect effect of servant leadership on workplace mistreatment is moderated by the ethical climate.Originality/valueThis study adds to extant research by examining the mediating mechanism of trust in leaders with servant leadership and workplace mistreatment, along with interactive effects of ethical climate.

The relation of perceived situation similarity to perceived behavior similarity: Implications for social learning theory

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz M. Champagne ◽  
Lawrence A. Pervin
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Learning Theory ◽  
Social Learning Theory ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Reliability Estimates ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Adequate Reliability ◽  
Perceived Behavior

A number of theories suggest that people behave similarly in similar situations. Social learning theory in particular suggests that people behave similarly in situations perceived to be similar in their pattern of reinforcement contingencies. This study used two measures of perception of behavior similarity and three measures of perception of situation similarity for 20 situations chosen by each of II female subjects as beingss characteristic of her current life. Measures of perceived behavior similarity included paired comparison judgments and analyses of similarity of ratings of behavior probabilities. Measures of perceived situation similarity included paired comparison judgments and analyses of similarity of ratings of outcome or reinforcement contingencies for the specified behaviors, including both internal and external reinforcers. In addition, reliability estimates were obtained on some tasks. Results indicated the following: (1) Generally there was a statistically significant relationship between measures of perceived situation similarity and measures of perceived behavior similarity. The magnitude of the relationship varied considerably from subject to subject. (2) Measures of the same variables did not show better agreement with one another than they did with measures of the different variables, despite evidence of adequate reliability. The data suggested general support for social learning theory but also evidence that factors other than perceived reinforcers in the situation influence how situations are perceived and how people behave in them.

Servant leadership and organizational citizenship behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 2035-2053
Author(s):  
Dioni Elche ◽  
Pablo Ruiz-Palomino ◽  
Jorge Linuesa-Langreo
Keyword(s):  
Servant Leadership ◽  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Service Climate ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This paper aims to process underlying the relationship between supervisor servant leadership and employee organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) in hotels. Specifically, it analyzes the mediating role of empathy – individual level – and service climate – group level – in the relationship between supervisor servant leadership and employee OCB. Design/methodology/approach The empirical analysis uses original data on hotels located in historic cities in Spain. A survey provided a sample of 343 work-group-level (supervisors) and 835 individual-level (employee) from a sample of 171 hotels. Findings The most interesting finding is the indirect effect of supervisor servant leadership on employee OCB through the mediating role of both employee empathy – individual level – and group service climate – group level. Practical implications The findings suggest that hotel supervisors should adopt servant leadership to enhance OCB in their workgroups. This paper also provides insights into other ways to increase employee OCB, namely, through human resources initiatives that enhance employee empathy and shape a service climate within groups. Originality/value This paper is one of the few that analyzes the relationships between supervisor servant leadership, employee empathy, group service climate and employee OCB in a unifying cross-level model. It is also the first to analyze employee empathy as a positive outcome of supervisor servant leadership, as well as a mechanism to explain the relationship between servant leadership and employee OCB. Finally, it is one of the few studies that analyzes all these relationships in conjunction within the hospitality industry.

Exploring the role of goal setting and external accountability mechanisms in embedding strategic learning plans in small firms

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 705-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicity Kelliher ◽  
Monica Murphy ◽  
Denis Harrington
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Small Firm ◽  
Learning Theory ◽  
Social Learning Theory ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Strategic Learning ◽  
Content Type ◽  
External Accountability ◽  
Learning Plans

PurposeThis paper explores the role of goal setting and external accountability mechanisms in embedding strategic learning plans in small firms. The research question asks, does an external learning intervention influence how strategic learning plans are embedded in small firms?Design/methodology/approachInsights from in-depth action research carried out with three small firm owner-managers (OMs) inform the study.FindingsFindings present valuable insights into how small firms learn strategically, and the link between OM goal setting and external accountability mechanisms in pursuit of embedded learning. A framework for embedding strategic learning plans in small firms is presented.Research limitations/implicationsThis study offers a contribution to knowledge in the areas of small firm learning, strategic planning and social learning theory. While the sample size is small, data and case protocols are in place which allow for replication of the study. As the research is embedded in social learning theory, alternative theoretical frameworks may shed a different light on the research question.Practical implicationsThe study will be of interest to practitioners working in the design, development, delivery and evaluation of learning interventions for small service firms. Given the importance of the small firm sector to the global economy, the research may also be of interest to government agencies, who strive to protect the survival and growth of small firms generally and who set aside resource amounts each year to fund training programmes for small firm OMs.Originality/valueThe research contributes to the body of existing knowledge in the small firm setting concerning social learning theory and small firm learning strategies. It has identified a link between OM goal setting and external accountability mechanisms in pursuit of sustainable organisational learning in small firms and offers a framework for embedding strategic learning plans in small firms. The study answers calls for a more robust framework to advance understanding of how OMs learn and whether that learning is consequently embedded in the organisation. The proposed framework can be used as a guideline for support organisations in assisting small firms in reaching their learning potential. It can also be used by small firms in the attainment of strategy learning capability.

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