Fake news judgement

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maroun El Rayess ◽  
Charla Chebl ◽  
Joseph Mhanna ◽  
Re-Mi Hage
Keyword(s):  
Information Literacy ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Content Type ◽  
News Stories ◽  
News Sources ◽  
Educational Requirement ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Library Professionals

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide library professionals with insights into students’ fake news judgment and the importance of teaching media and information literacy, not as an option but as a core educational requirement. Design/methodology/approach Qualtrics was used to collect the study data. Students completed a set of tasks designed in the form of a survey that entailed verifying whether news, stories, images and news sources were real, fake, dubious or trustworthy. Statistical tests were used to asses whether their responses depended on criteria, such as faculty and gender. Findings No significant relationship exists between the students’ responses and variables, such as gender, student category, fact-checking and source of information. The findings reveal that students’ ability to identify the authoritativeness of information is dependent on the faculty in which they are enrolled. Originality/value This paper reports the first known attempt in Lebanon to measure students’ ability in distinguishing fake from real news. The results of this paper can be used by library professionals, particularly in Lebanon, to convey the importance of teaching and embedding media and information literacy into their curriculum.

Performance evaluations and junior auditors’ attitude to audit behavior: a gender and culture comparative study

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Khalil ◽  
Rabih Nehme
Keyword(s):  
Performance Appraisal ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Internship Programs ◽  
Educational Path ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to shed light on factors leading to unethical acts committed by auditors from a cultural and gender perspectives. It investigates differences in junior auditors’ attitudes towards audit behavior when a performance evaluation (PE) is anticipated. The objective of this study is to aid academicians and audit executives in developing new models of PE and internship programs that should mitigate dysfunctional behavior. Design/methodology/approach A survey adapted from Big Four companies’ performance appraisal templates was administered to junior accountants who have completed their internship programs and their external audit course at accredited universities in Lebanon and the USA. Several statistical tests were conducted to analyze the relationship between the different variables. Findings This paper shows how PE affects junior auditors’ attitudes to dysfunctional audit behavior (DAB). From a cultural standpoint, American auditors express more negative views towards DAB than their Lebanese counterparts. This paper also demonstrates that female auditors are less inclined towards DAB than male auditors. Originality/value Previous studies on the topic have been mostly conducted in developed countries with a scarcity of studies examining multiple countries. This study focuses on two different cultural contexts, a developed country, the USA and an emerging country, poorly represented in the literature, Lebanon. This paper also observes variances between male and female auditors in DAB when expecting a PE. The originality of this paper stems from its concurrent examination of the impact of gender and culture on DAB by using a sample of less-experienced auditors at the end of their educational path.

scholarly journals Belief in importance of information literacy abilities among undergraduates. Underlying factors and analysis of variance

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-577
Author(s):  
Maria Pinto ◽  
David Caballero ◽  
Dora Sales ◽  
Alicia Segura
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Information Literacy ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Academic Degree ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Technological Processing ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The One

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the levels of belief in importance of information literacy abilities (BILAs) among an undergraduates’ sample. The aim is, on the one hand, to discover if there is a representative latent structure and, on the other hand, to know the existing differences according to external variables such as academic degree, course, gender and age. Design/methodology/approach A self-assessment questionnaire (IL-HUMASS) was applied to a sample of 749 students in English Studies, Translation and Interpreting and Education in Spain. Three types of statistical methods have been used to study the results: descriptive, factorial and analysis of variance. Findings Students’ levels of BILAs are acceptable but improvable. A framework of six underlying factors has been uncovered: evaluation-ethics, searching-using, technological processing, communication, dissemination and cognitive processing of the information. Significant differences on degree, course and gender have been found. Practical implications This paper is intended for a broad academic sector, including faculty, librarians and students in higher education. The BILAs construct helps to improve the diagnosis of the perception of the BILAs. Its representation through a reduced number of latent factors simplifies results and possible applications. The results show that variations in degree, course and gender are significant and should be taken into account. Originality/value Although much has been written about information literacy abilities, we still know little about the importance students place on them. The BILAs construct is intended to improve that knowledge.

Conflicting authority

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Lynch ◽  
Shaunna Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Information Literacy ◽  
Literacy Instruction ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Learning Theories ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Source Evaluation ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Information Literacy Instruction ◽  
Modern Learning

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to suggest that librarians’ traditional methods of source evaluation – guided by the “Authority is Constructed and Contextual Frame” of the Framework for Information Literacy – do not adequately address today’s post-truth reality. Design/methodology/approach The authors will use the specific example of the release of the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) National Climate Assessment report on November 23, 2018 and the subsequent Fact Check News Release published by EPA Headquarters on November 28 as a lens to explore the difficulty of teaching the Authority is Constructed and Contextual Frame in an era of alternative facts and fake news. Findings A brief analysis of human psychology, modern learning theories and Patrick Wilson’s work on cognitive authorities demonstrates that to provide effective information literacy instruction, librarians must do more to incorporate the social and emotional factors that individual students bring to the learning environment into current instruction practices. Practical implications This paper can be used as a resource for librarians seeking new strategies for information literacy instruction in the post-truth era. Originality/value Although a large body of literature exists to discuss the prevalence and implications of fake news in the post-truth era, few scholars have proposed solutions beyond a rededication to teaching critical source evaluation. This paper points to at least one new resource for source evaluation instruction which includes self-reflection among learners and points readers in a new direction to develop more.

Brand management in the era of fake news: narrative response as a strategy to insulate brand value

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam J. Mills ◽  
Karen Robson
Keyword(s):  
Brand Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Emotional Engagement ◽  
Brand Value ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Content Type ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Narrative Response ◽  
Conceptual Paper ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose Brand value is increasingly threatened by fake news stories; the purpose of this paper is to explain how narrative response can be used to mitigate this threat, especially in situations where the crisis is severe and consumers are highly involved. Design/methods This conceptual paper derives recommendations and guidance for the use of narrative response based on storytelling and brand management literature. Findings This paper highlights authenticity and emotional engagement as keys to effective storytelling. Practical implications Current managerial approaches to dealing with misinformation are insufficient, as they presuppose an audience that can be convinced based on facts; this paper can be used to help brand managers respond to fake news stories when rational appeals fail. Originality/value This paper provides insight into brand management strategies in the era of fake news.

Health-related fake news during the COVID-19 pandemic: perceived trust and information search

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zheng ◽  
Jon D. Elhai ◽  
Miao Miao ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Yiwen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Control ◽  
Search Behavior ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Content Type ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Time Lagged ◽  
Pandemic Severity

PurposeHealth-related online fake news (HOFN) has become a major social problem. HOFN can lead to the spread of ineffective and even harmful remedies. The study aims to understand Internet users' responses to HOFN during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic using the protective action decision model (PADM).Design/methodology/approachThe authors collected pandemic severity data (regional number of confirmed cases) from government websites of the USA and China (Studies 1 and 2), search behavior from Google and Baidu search engines (Studies 1 and 2) and data regarding trust in two online fake news stories from two national surveys (Studies 2 and 3). All data were analyzed using a multi-level linear model.FindingsThe research detected negative time-lagged relationships between pandemic severity and regional HOFN search behavior by three actual fake news stories from the USA and China (Study 1). Importantly, trust in HOFN served as a mediator in the time-lagged relationship between pandemic severity and search behavior (Study 2). Additionally, the relationship between pandemic severity and trust in HOFN varied according to individuals' perceived control (Study 3).Originality/valueThe authors' results underscore the important role of PADM in understanding Internet users' trust in and search for HOFN. When people trust HOFN, they may seek more information to implement further protective actions. Importantly, it appears that trust in HOFN varies with environmental cues (regional pandemic severity) and with individuals' perceived control, providing insight into developing coping strategies during a pandemic.

Fake news: belief in post-truth

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Rochlin
Keyword(s):  
Information Literacy ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fundamental Misunderstanding ◽  
Information Professionals

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to illustrate that the current efforts to combat the epidemic of fake news – compiling lists of fake news sites, flagging stories as having been disputed as “fake,” downloading plug-ins to detect fake news – show a fundamental misunderstanding of the issue. Design/methodology/approach This paper explores the plummeting believability ratings in conventional news outlets, as well as current efforts to combat fake news. These concepts are situated in the post-truth era, in which news is upsold on the notion of belief and opinion. Findings This paper finds that, in combination with a general mistrust of all news, a fundamental flaw in the system of clicks-as-reward allows fake news and other clickbait to gain unobstructed virality. Originality/value Fake news is a widely discussed topic right now. As this is primarily an issue of information literacy, library and information professionals need to understand, discuss, and address this issue as one that is directly related to the profession.

Post-Truths and Fake News in Disinformation Contexts

2020 ◽  
pp. 306-320
Author(s):  
Maria del Mar Ramirez-Alvarado
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Personal Beliefs ◽  
General Introduction ◽  
News Stories ◽  
News Sources ◽  
Emotional Appeals ◽  
Theoretical Reflection

This chapter analyses the concept of post-truth related to the circumstances in which objective facts are less influential in the formation of public opinion than emotional appeals and personal beliefs, and the subsequent projection of this phenomenon in social media, as various studies have demonstrated that some fake news stories generate more engagement from users than vetted reporting from reliable news sources. This will start from a general introduction and an associated theoretical reflection, and then focus on the case of Venezuela and its recent historical circumstances in order to analyze how fake news circulates in this country stimulated by a context of widespread disinformation.

Getting out the truth: the role of libraries in the fight against fake news

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Batchelor
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Political System ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
The Political ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Library Professionals

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to inform library professionals on the issues, impact and methods of addressing misinformation in news. Design/methodology/approach This paper discusses the history, scope and impact of fake news and the tools available for correcting misinformation. Findings Fake news and misinformation are widespread and detrimental to democracy. A misinformed electorate undermines the political system. Originality/value The paper does not present original findings, but it presents many useful tools for library professionals to use as a means of promoting critical thinking.

scholarly journals Level of Acceptance of News Stories on Social Media Platforms Among Youth in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-225
Author(s):  
Festus Prosper Olise ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
States Data ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Media Platform ◽  
And Gender

This study investigates the level of acceptance of news stories on social media platforms among youth in Nigeria following the assumption that the proliferation of news stories on social media promotes the circulation of both factual and fake news. The sample consisted of 600 youth; however, 583 validly participated in the study. The participants were equitably selected in six States in Nigeria that represented the six geo-political zones of the country. The multi-stage sampling technique was employed to evenly select the youth from the major cities/towns in the States. Data generated were analysed and presented through descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS version 20 software. Results show that the youth accepted entertainment news stories more than any other type of news stories on social media platforms. The majority of the youth considered Twitter as the most acceptable social media platform for receiving news stories in Nigeria. Findings also revealed that despite their love to read news stories on social media platforms, the youth’s level of acceptance of it was low. Furthermore, the age and gender of the youth were found to directly influence their level of acceptance of news stories on social media platforms. The study concluded that the multi-dimensional inter-play that characterised the low level of acceptance of news stories on social media platforms among the youth in Nigeria does not portend ominous signs. Keywords: Acceptance, mainstream media, news stories, social media platforms, youth.

scholarly journals Fake News Detection System Using machine Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 12-15
Keyword(s):  
Information Quality ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Web Based ◽  
News Stories ◽  
News Sources ◽  
Quality Check ◽  
Media Channels ◽  
Highlight Extraction

Expansion of deluding data in ordinary access news sources, for example, web-based media channels, news web journals, and online papers have made it testing to distinguish reliable news sources, hence expanding the requirement for computational apparatusesready to give bits of knowledge into the unwavering quality of online substance. In this paper, every person center around the programmed ID of phony substance in the news stories. In the first place, all of us present a dataset for the undertaking of phony news identification. All and sundry depict the pre-preparing, highlight extraction, characterization and forecast measure in detail. We've utilized Logistic Regression language handling strategies to order counterfeit news. The prepreparing capacities play out certain tasks like tokenizing, stemming and exploratory information examination like reaction variable conveyance and information quality check (for example invalid or missing qualities). Straightforward pack of-words, n-grams, TF-IDF is utilized as highlight extraction strategies. Strategic relapse model is utilized as classifier for counterfeit news identification with likelihood of truth.

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