Challenges in abrasive jet machining of fiber-reinforced polymeric composites – a review

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Madhu ◽  
M. Balasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Polymeric Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Abrasive Jet Machining ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Wide Acceptance

Purpose The purpose of this study is for solving many issues in production that includes processing of complex-shaped profile, machining of high-strength materials, good surface finish with high-level precision and minimization of waste. Among the various advanced machining processes, abrasive jet machining (AJM) is one of the non-traditional machining techniques used for various applications such as polishing, deburring and hole making. Hence, an overview of the investigations done on carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) and glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GRFP) composites becomes important. Design/methodology/approach Discussion on various approaches to AJM, the effect of process parameters on the glass fiber and carbon fiber polymeric composites are presented. Kerf characteristics, surface roughness and various nozzle design were also discussed. Findings It was observed that abrasive jet pressure, stand-off distance, traverse rate, abrasive size, nozzle diameter, angle of attack are the significant process parameters which affect the machining time, material removal rate, top kerf, bottom kerf and kerf angle. When the particle size is maximum, the increased kinetic energy of the particle improves the penetration depth on the CFRP surface. As the abrasive jet pressure is increased, the cutting process is enabled without severe jet deflection which in turn minimizes the waviness pattern, resulting in a decrease of the surface roughness. Research limitations/implications The review is limited to glass fiber and carbon fiber polymeric composites. Practical implications In many applications, the use of composite has gained wide acceptance. Hence, machining of the composite need for the study also has gained wide acceptance. Social implications The usage of composites reduces the usage of very costly materials of high density. The cost of the material also comes down. Originality/value This paper is a comprehensive review of machining composite with abrasive jet. The paper covers in detail about machining of only GFRP and CFRP composites with various nozzle designs, unlike many studies which has focused widely on general AJM of various materials.

Evaluation of delamination damage in carbon epoxy composites under swirling abrasives made by modified internal threaded nozzle

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 819-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Balasubramanian ◽  
S Madhu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Abrasive Jet Machining ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced

Carbon fibre-reinforced polymer composites are finding increased applications in the field of automotive manufacture and aircraft industries due to their appreciative combination of high strength and low weight. The machining of these composites with economically viable and high part qualities requires enhancement in machining strategies. Delamination and surface roughness are the undesirable geometrical defects inherent in abrasive jet machining of layered polymer composites. This investigation focuses on the mechanism of delamination and surface roughness in abrasive jet machining of carbon fibre-reinforced polymer composite. The paper endeavors at the exploration of the viability of imparting swirling motion to SiC abrasive particles by presenting internal threads in the newly designed nozzle. In this research, a novel threaded nozzle was introduced in the abrasive jet machine for making holes on the carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites with the objective of reducing the delamination and surface roughness. This is a distinctive attempt of its kind and this has brought down the delamination factor considerably and, as a consequence, surface roughness obtained was minimum. Holes were made on carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composite by abrasive jet machining with a modified nozzle with and without an internal thread. The influence of abrasive jet parameters on the delamination factor (bottom and top) and surface roughness (Ra) was investigated. Maximum pressure and minimum SOD cause decrease in delamination and surface roughness in carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composite composites.

scholarly journals Investigation into the Effect of Cutting Conditions in Turning on the Surface Properties of Filament Winding GFRP Pipe Rings

Machines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Gabriel Mansour ◽  
Panagiotis Kyratsis ◽  
Apostolos Korlos ◽  
Dimitrios Tzetzis
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Filament Winding ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced

There are numerous engineering applications where Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) composite tubes are utilized, such as desalination plants, power transmission systems, and paper mill, as well as marine, industries. Some type of machining is required for those various applications either for joining or fitting procedures. Machining of GFRP has certain difficulties that may damage the tube itself because of fiber delamination and pull out, as well as matrix deboning. Additionally, short machining tool life may be encountered while the formation of powder like chips maybe relatively hazardous. The present paper investigates the effect of process parameters for surface roughness of glass fiber-reinforced polymer composite pipes manufactured using the filament winding process. Experiments were conducted based on the high-speed turning Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machine using Poly-Crystalline Diamond (PCD) tool. The process parameters considered were cutting speed, feed, and depth of cut. Mathematical models for the surface roughness were developed based on the experimental results, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) has been performed with a confidence level of 95% for validation of the models.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PERKUATAN PELAT CFRP TERHADAP PERILAKU TULANGAN TARIK STRUKTUR BALOK BETON BERTULANG

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Elfania Bastian ◽  
Rendy Thamrin ◽  
Jafril Tanjung
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced

Dalam studi ini dilakukan analisis numerik tentang pengaruh perkuatan dengan pelat CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer) terhadap tegangan tulangan tarik. Tegangan pada tulangan tarik ditinjau pada daerah sekitar perletakan balok sederhana dengan dua tumpuan. Untuk maksud tersebut serangkaian model numerik dipersiapkan dengan jenis tulangan yang berbeda. Dimana panjang penyaluran tambahan divariasikan 100mm dan 250mm. Tulangan yang digunakan adalah tulangan baja dan GFRP (Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer). Hasil analisis menjelaskan bahwa perkuatan dengan pelat CFRP dapat meningkatkan kapasitas balok dimana tegangan yang diterima oleh tulangan tarik menurun. Disamping itu tulangan tarik GFRP juga terbukti efektif meningkatkan daktilitas balok beton bertulang.

Analiza obliczeniowa dwuprzęsłowych belek betonowych zbrojonych prętami FRP według wybranych norm

BUILDER ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 286 (5) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Renata Kotynia ◽  
Konrad Szczepański
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced

W artykule przedstawiono obliczeniową analizę nośności dwuprzęsłowych belek ze zbrojeniem kompozytowym z włókien szklanych i węglowych (Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer – GFRP; Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer – CFRP) opracowaną na podstawie wybranych wytycznych normowych: Fib Bulletin 40, japońskiej – JSCE, amerykańskiej – ACI 440 oraz kanadyjskiej – ISIS z wynikami wybranych badań doświadczalnych. Głównym celem pracy jest określenie wpływu redystrybucji momentów przy obliczaniu nośności belek dwuprzęsłowych. Wyniki uproszczonej analizy obliczeniowej (bez wpływu redystrybucji momentów) pozwoliły porównać różne podejścia normowe oraz określić poziom zgodności wyników obliczeniowych z wynikami doświadczalnymi. W ten sposób można oszacować zakres bezpieczeństwa nośności na zginanie określony wpływem redystrybucji momentów względem wyników badań doświadczalnych.

Flexural behavior of fire damaged self-compacting concrete beams strengthened with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) wrapping

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mervin Ealiyas Mathews ◽  
Anand N ◽  
Diana Andrushia A ◽  
Tattukolla Kiran ◽  
Khalifa Al-Jabri
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Ultimate Load ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Flexural Behavior ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Self Compacting Concrete ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reinforced Polymer

PurposeBuilding elements that are damaged by fire are often strengthened by fiber wrapping techniques. Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is an advanced building material that is widely used in construction due to its ability to flow and pass through congested reinforcement and fill the required areas easily without compaction. The aim of the research work is to examine the flexural behavior of SCC subjected to elevated temperature. This research work examines the effect of natural air cooling (AC) and water cooling (WC) on flexural behavior of M20, M30, M40 and M50 grade fire-affected retro-fitted SCC. The results of the investigation will enable the designers to choose the appropriate repair technique for improving the service life of structures.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, an attempt has been made to evaluate the flexural behavior of fire exposed reinforced SCC beams retrofitted with laminates of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP), basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) and glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP). Beam specimens were cast with M20, M30, M40 and M50 grades of SCC and heated to 925ºC using an electrical furnace for 60 min duration following ISO 834 standard fire curve. The heated SCC beams were cooled by either natural air or water spraying.FindingsThe reduction in the ultimate load carrying capacity of heated beams was about 42% and 55% for M50 grade specimens that were cooled by air and water, respectively, in comparison with the reference specimens. The increase in the ultimate load was 54%, 38% and 27% for the specimens retrofitted with CFRP, BFRP and GFRP, respectively, compared with the fire-affected specimens cooled by natural air. Water-cooled specimens had shown higher level of damage than the air-cooled specimens. The specimens wrapped with carbon fiber could able to improve the flexural strength than basalt and glass fiber wrapping.Originality/valueSCC, being a high performance concrete, is essential to evaluate the performance under fire conditions. This research work provides the flexural behavior and physical characteristics of SCC subjected to elevated temperature as per ISO rate of heating. In addition attempt has been made to enhance the flexural strength of fire-exposed SCC with wrapping using different fibers. The experimental data will enable the engineers to choose the appropriate material for retrofitting.

scholarly journals Water Jet Erosion Performance of Carbon Fiber and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymers

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 2933
Author(s):  
Jesus Cornelio Mendoza Mendoza ◽  
Edgar Ernesto Vera Cardenas ◽  
Roger Lewis ◽  
William Mai ◽  
Erika Osiris Avila Davila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Water Jet ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced

Complex engineering challenges are revealed in the wind industry; one of them is erosion at the leading edge of wind turbine blades. Water jet erosive wear tests on carbon-fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) and glass-fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) were performed in order to determine their resistance at the conditions tested. Vacuum Infusion Process (VIP) was used to obtain the composite materials. Eight layers of bidirectional carbon fabric (0/90°) and nine glass layers of bidirectional glass cloth were used to manufacture the plates. A water injection platform was utilized. The liquid was projected with a pressure of 150 bar on the surface of the specimens through a nozzle. The samples were located at 65 mm from the nozzle at an impact angle of 75°, with an exposure time of 10, 20 and 30 min. SEM and optical microscopy were used to observe the damage on surfaces. A 3D optical profilometer helped to determine the roughness and see the scar profiles. The results showed that the volume loss for glass fiber and carbon fiber were 10 and 19 mm3, respectively. This means that the resistance to water jet erosion in uncoated glass fiber was approximately two times lower than uncoated carbon fiber.

Transverse shear properties of fiber reinforced polymer bars with different reinforced phases

2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832110316
Author(s):  
Danying Gao ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Fangzheng Wen ◽  
Yuyang Pang ◽  
Dong Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Ultimate Strain ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Surface Configuration

In this study, a total of 105 shear specimens of fiber reinforced polymer bars with different reinforced phases, including the glass fiber, the hybrid of carbon fiber with glass fiber, and the hybrid of steel wire with glass fiber, were prepared to systematically investigate their transverse shear properties. The surface configuration of specimens, the performance characteristics and distribution pattern of reinforced phase were mainly regarded as variables. The results showed the shear strengths of glass fiber reinforced polymer bar specimens increased from 247.9 MPa to 263.5 MPa as the rib depth changed from shallow ribs to deep ribs, and their ultimate strain decreased from 0.374 to 0.328 with the increase in rib spacing from 8 mm to 16 mm. The shear strengths of carbon/glass hybrid fiber reinforced polymer (C/G HFRP) bar specimens declined from 247.4 MPa to 226.3 MPa as the distribution pattern of carbon fiber changed from centralized distribution to dispersed distribution. The shear strength of C/G HFRP bars decreased from 256.5 MPa to 247.4 MPa as the ratio of glass fiber to carbon fiber ranged from 0:1 to 1:4, and increased from 138.7 MPa to 214.8 MPa for steel wire/glass HFRP bars as the volumetric fraction of steel wire replacing glass fiber increased from 0 to 33.3%. This indicated that the surface configuration of specimen, the distribution pattern of fiber, and the performance characteristics of reinforced phase have great effects on the ultimate strain and shear strength of FRP bars, respectively.

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